Detection of SO_2 Residual in FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI by Accelerated Solvent Extraction/Ion Chromatography

[Objective] To discuss the detection method for SO2 residual in FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI. [Methods] Accelerated Solvent Extraction / Ion Chromatography was used to detect the SO2 residual in FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI. Alkaline solution was used as the extracting solution of grinded sample. After extraction by accelerated solvent extraction apparatus and purification by C18 solid phase extraction,the sample was isolated by IonP ac AS9- HC ion chromatographic column with carbonate as the leacheate. Detection was carried out by electrical conductivity detector. [Results] SO2 had good linear relationship within the range of 0. 5- 50 mg / L( r2= 0. 999 7). The quantitative lower limit( LOQ) and and detection limit( LOD) were 0. 17 and 0. 05 mg/L,respectively. With blank sample as the matrix,the average recovery rates at high,middle and low dosages were 82. 9%- 92. 6% with RSD( n = 6) less than 5. 0%. [Conclusions]Compared with the traditional method,this method had the advantages of high extraction rate and automation degree,and was suitable for the large-scale detection of SO2 residual in FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI.     

Problems and Countermeasures for Industrialized Cultivation of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI Grown in Tongxiang City of China

Cultivation and management status of FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI grown in Hangzhou(Hangzhou FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI) were investigated in Shimen Town of Tongxiang City in the year 2014. Unreasonable fertilization was found in industrialized cultivation of Hangzhou FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI,as well as single cultivation mode,inadequate utilization of straws and so on. Finally,several suggestions were put forward for the planting of Hangzhou FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI in Tongxiang City.     

ISSR Analysis of Genetic Background of Triploid Female and Diploid Male of Siraitia grosvenorii

[Objective] To evaluate the genetic background of triploid female and diploid male of Siraitia grosvenorii and to provide biological references for fine varieties breeding of seedless S. grosvenorii. [Methods]Inter simple sequence repeats(ISSR) marker was developed to analyze the genetic background among 28 samples of S. grosvenorii,and cluster analysis and double principal coordinate analysis were revealed by the NTSYS-pc software and Gen AIEx software,respectively. [Results]13 ISSR primers selected out of 100 primers for amplification,and a total of 131 unambiguous bands were obtained,among which 99(PPB = 75. 57%) were polymorphic. The results of cluster analysis and double principal coordinate analysis showed that there was a certain richness of genetic background in triploid female and diploid male of S. grosvenorii. But the genetic similarity coefficients of majority were relatively great with close genetic distance. [Conclusions] The triploid female and diploid male of S. grosvenorii had relatively low complexity of genetic background,so that germplasm innovation strategies should be carried out to enrich the genetic background of seedless S. grosvenorii.     

云南不同品种有色稻米HPLC指纹图谱的建立及质量评价

建立云南不同品种有色稻米的HPLC指纹图谱,为科学有效的评价其质量提供可靠的方法。采用HPLC-UV方法对样品进行测定,以Venusil ASB-C18(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)为色谱柱;流动相为甲醇和甲酸水,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长262 nm,柱温30℃。采用高效液相色谱法建立了云南不同品种有色稻米的HPLC指纹图谱,对收集的24个不同品种的样品进行分析,结果确定了11个共有峰。对不同品种有色稻米的指纹图谱进行聚类分析和主成分分析,24批样品聚为2类,二者分析结果一致。指纹图谱技术结合聚类分析和主成分分析是评价不同品种有色稻米的有效方法之一,为有色稻米的质量控制提供更全面的参考。     

SRAP标记对甜菜抗根腐病品种的遗传多样性分析

为进一步鉴定分析抗根腐病的优良甜菜品种,为日后选育种植优良抗病甜菜品种提供依据,本研究采用田间调查与分子标记相结合的方法,利用10对SRAP引物组合对11份国内外品种进行分子标记检测,通过SRAP-PCR扩增,共产生85条扩增带,65条多态性条带,平均多态性百分比为76.5%。平均遗传距离为0.5057,平均遗传相似系数为0.6031。田间调查结果显示,国外品种根腐病感病率为 2.9%~4.2%,国内品种根腐病感病率为2.0%~3.1%,参试的国内品种根腐病感病率普遍低于国外品种。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,在遗传距离0.20处,可将11份供试材料分为3个类群。结果表明,参试的国内品种的抗根腐病性较好于国外品种,抗根腐病性较好的品种有‘TY301’（国内）、‘TY303’（国内）、‘CK-TY312’（国内）、‘HI055’（国外）。SRAP分子标记对于甜菜抗根腐病性较好的品种的划分具有参考价值。     

Volatile Components Analysis of FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI Grown in Different Areas Based on HS-SPME / GC-MS

[Objective] To establish rapid analysis method for the volatile components in FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI,and to research the contents and distribution characteristics of volatile components in FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI grown in different areas. [Methods]Volatile components in FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI were analyzed by HS-SPME / GC-MS. Relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. [Results]A total of 84 chemical components were preliminarily identified,which were mainly the ketones,alkenes and alcohols. There were certain differences in the volatile components of FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis could effectively isolate the FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI gown in different areas. [Conclusions]This method was stable and reliable,which could be used for the rapid analysis of the volatile components in FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI,and provided certain scientific references for the quality evaluation of the volatile components in FOLIUM ARTEMISIA ARGYI.     

基于HPLC指纹图谱技术的烤烟质量分类研究

为解决当前烤烟质量分类费时费力且主观偶然性强的问题,采用高效液相指纹图谱技术,对来自多个省份的典型烟叶产区共14批B2F下限等级烟叶进行图谱信息采集,并基于14批烟叶图谱进行主成分提取、相关性分析和聚类分析。选取前5个主成分进行分析。相关性分析表明,钾和主成分值之间呈极显著相关。聚类分析表明,来自多个省份典型烟叶产区的烟叶可大致分为3类。其中第1类样品与第2类样品的钾含量差异明显;第2类样品中氯的含量明显高于第1、3类样品。试验结果表明,烟叶的HPLC指纹图谱可以作为烟叶质量控制的新方法,此方法可以提高烟草品质判别效率,降低人工评价的个体差异。     

烤烟品种主成分分析和聚类分析

对３０个烤烟品种的７个数量性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。经主要成分分析,选出５个农艺性状较好的品种,有种时可作为;农艺条本。通过遗传距离测定和聚类分析,３０个品种可分为７类。在育种中选配亲本时最好选用不同类型同的品种作为双亲,可减少有种工作的盲目性。     

国家棉花区试新品种的SSR 指纹图谱分析

 以2009年度参加黄河流域国家棉花区试的57份参试品种为材料,运用筛选确定的22对多态性好、条带清晰的SSR引物对参试品种进行分子标记分析,共检测出145个等位位点,其中106个为多态性位点,平均每对引物4.8个,多态性比率平均达到72.7%,PIC平均值为0.661。利用106个多态性片段构建了这些品种的SSR指纹图谱。遗传聚类结果显示,在相似系数为0.98时,57个区试品种完全区分开;同一地区和同一单位育成的品种在不同程度上聚在一类,说明它们的遗传关系较近。     

基于表型性状的核桃品种区分研究

为研究不同核桃品种的区分方法,以5个不同品种核桃为研究对象,采集其表型性状数据(尺寸、质量和成分)和氧化特性数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)和系统聚类法对核桃表型性状的差异进行研究,结果表明:PCA分析法共提取了3个主成分,累计方差贡献率达到93.0789％;将表型(尺寸、质量、成分)和氧化特性指标相结合,采用系统聚类分析,通过聚类热图可直观反映不同品种核桃的指标差异,能有效区分不同品种核桃.     

Evaluation of the Low-Temperature Tolerance of Cotton Varieties in the Huang-Huai Region during Seed Germination

[Objective] To provide a theoretical foundation and germplasm resources for low-temperature-germination cotton breeding, the germination characteristics of 38 cotton varieties novel to or formerly widely planted in the Huang-Huai Region were evaluated under different low temperature stress conditions. [Method] Analysis of variance, the fuzzy membership function method, and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the tolerance of these varieties to low temperature stress. [Result] As the temperature was lowered, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index exhibited a decreasing trend in all cotton varieties, but resistance to low temperature was significantly different among varieties. Cluster analysis divided the 38 varieties into three categories: highly resistant, resistant, and non-resistant. [Conclusion] Early-introduced varieties and those bred from early-introduced germplasm resources had weaker resistance to low temperature stress, with Stoneville and Deltapine series showing the lowest tolerance. The new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties SCRC 37 and SCRC 36 had the strongest resistance to low temperature stress.     

高丹草种质资源SRAP指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

利用SRAP分子标记技术构建了22份高丹草品种的指纹图谱。该指纹图谱可以准确区分供试的所有22个高丹草品种,置信概率达到99.9 999%,为高丹草品种划分提供了基础。利用筛选出的19个多态性较好的SRAP引物组合对22个高丹草品种进行遗传多样性分析鉴定,共扩增出450个位点,其中多态性位点369个;平均每个引物组合产生23.6个位点和19.4个多态性位点,平均多态性水平为82.2%。通过采用UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,遗传相似系数在0.66～0.94之间,以遗传相似系数0.674为阈值,可将供试材料分为2个类群。     

新春系列不同小麦品种品质性状的分析与评价

为了探究新疆不同春小麦品种的品质特性,建立可靠的小麦品质评价体系,为新疆春小麦品质综合表现较为突出的品种的推广、选育及大规模的品质评价奠定基础。以9个新春系列小麦品种为试验材料,对其品质相关的14个指标进行测定,运用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析方法对其品质进行分析和综合评价。结果表明利用相关性分析,14个单项测定指标之间存在或大或小的相关性,从而导致它们所提供的信息发生部分重叠;进一步通过主成分分析将14个单项指标转化为5个相互独立的综合指标,5个主成分的累计方差贡献率达94.46%,涵盖了原始测定指标所携带的绝大部分信息;通过隶属函数分析结合权重系数,得到不同小麦品质的综合评价值（D值）;最后,通过聚类分析将9个小麦品种按品质优劣划分为3种类型,其中品质一般的1个品种,品质良好的4个品种,品质优的4个品种。‘新春37号’、‘新春41号’和‘新春38号’品质综合表现较为突出,可为新疆优质春小麦品种选育提供参考依据。     

Analysis on Volatile Components of Turkey Figs Grown in Different Production Areas by HS-SPME-GC-MS

[Objective]To analyze the volatile components of turkey figs grown in different production areas. [Methods]The volatile components were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS,and their relative percentage contents were calculated by peak area normalization method. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis( PCA) and cluster analysis( HCA). [Results] A total of 61 volatile components were identified from the 12 batches of turkey figs. Among them,anethol,linalool oxide and benzoic aldehyde had relatively high contents. And their contents were the maximum in figs grown in Artux City in Xinjiang. [Conclusions]The volatile components in turkey figs of different production areas were detected rapidly by HS-SPME-GC-MS; and turkey figs grown in different production areas could be distinguished effectively by PCA and HCA.     

Analysis of Volatile Components in Coffee Beans from Different Production Areas by HS-SPME-GC/MS

[Objective] To provide references for the quality evaluation of coffee beans in different production areas.[Methods] Volatile components in coffee beans from different production areas were analyzed by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction( HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC/MS).The relative contents of volatile components were calculated by peak area normalization method,and processed by stoichiometry.[Results] A total of 97 chemical components were preliminarily identified.There were certain differences in the volatile components in coffee beans from different production areas.Coffee beans from three production areas( Brazil,Columbia and Indonesia)were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.[Conclusions] This method was suitable for the rapid analysis of volatile components in coffee beans,which could be used for the quality evaluation of coffee beans.     

Development and Application of Cotton InDel Markers Based on High Throughput Sequencing

[Objective] Dimorphic InDel markers can be used for cotton variety identification and purity detection, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed testing, and to play a role in molecular breeding of cotton. [Method] Based on the whole genome sequencing of 121 cotton varieties from different sources, the InDel markers with high polymorphism were developed according to polymorphism information content(PIC) and were applied in the genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis by using 66 cotton varieties in China. [Result] Totally 10 967 InDel were identified based on the next generation sequencing data of 121 cotton varieties. Among the 85 pairs of InDel primers synthesized, 64 were selected including 35 from At group and 29 from Dt group. The minimum average allelic frequency(MAF) of At and Dt chromosomes were 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, while the PIC were 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The genetic distances of the 66 cotton varieties ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 centimorgan (cM), with an average of 0.39 cM. The two varieties with the largest genetic distance were Simian 3 and CCRI 36, and the two varieties with the smallest genetic distance were Xumian 18 and Xuza 3. [Conclusion] The 64 cotton dimorphic InDel markers can effectively reveal the relationships among varieties based on the genetic distance, and distinguish cotton varieties from different sources, which has certain theoretical significance and application value.     

基于DUS测试性状的向日葵品种遗传多样性分析

利用NY/T 2433-2013中的43个基本测试性状对巴彦淖尔分中心的63个向日葵参试品种进行遗传多样性分析,并与32个近似品种作比较,结果表明：参试品种表型性状中共检测到124个等位变异,平均每个性状检测到3.0244个,变幅为1~8个。Shannon’s多样性指数（H＇）平均值为0.5582,变幅为0~1.8101,41个有效测试性状中有17.07%的性状存在5个及以上等位变异,有51.22%的性状存在3个及以上等位变异,参试品种的等位变异数、每个性状的等位变异数及其变异幅度、多样性指数平均值等均大于近似品种。在外观形态上,参试品种的遗传多样性比近似品种更丰富。UPGMA聚类分析发现,在相似系数为0.860时,可将95个向日葵品种分为2个类群。主坐标分析结果与UPGMA聚类分析结果基本一致,但是可以通过向日葵品种在主坐标中的位置更加直观地判断95个向日葵品种间的遗传相似性。总体看来,参试品种与近似品种形态差异较小,建议育种家拓宽向日葵亲本选育材料,从而促进向日葵材料创新及新品种选育。     

Changes of Galuteolin and Chlorogenic Acid Contents in Lonicera japonica Thunb. under Different Habitats

[Objective]To discuss the changes of galuteolin and chlorogenic acid contents in Lonicera japonica Thunb.under different habitats,and to research the formation mechanism of genuine medicinal materials.[Methods]The galuteolin and chlorogenic acid contents in L.japonica under different geological backgrounds were detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography.[Results]The contents of chlorogenic acid in different production areas were in the order of Songming,YunnanFengqiu,He'nanXining,Qinghai;and the contents of galuteolin were in the order of Xining,QinghaiFengqiu,He'nanSongming,Yunnan.The contents of chlorogenic acid and galuteolin in three different production areas had extremely significant differences,indicating that different environments could also lead to the extremely significant differences of secondary metabolite of the same species.[Conclusions]This research provided theoretical and technical support for the formation mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the quality evaluation mechanism of FLOS LONICERAE JAPONICAE.     

棉花区试品种的AFLP指纹图谱分析

为了探索AFLP分子标记在构建国家区试棉花品种指纹图谱上的优势,以2009年和2010年参加国家黄河流域棉花区试的B组常规棉、C组杂交棉共31份品种为材料,运用筛选确定的2对AFLP核心引物对这些品种进行分子标记分析,共获得44个多态性片段,其中多态性位点占总扩增位点的28.39%,利用44个多态性片段初步构建了这些品种的AFLP指纹图谱。聚类结果显示,在相似系数为0.92时,31份区试品种完全区分开;常规棉之间、杂交棉之间大多不同程度的优先聚集在一起。     

Study on the Content of Indirubin in the Leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. in Different Illumination Intensities

[Objective]This research aims to study the influence of different illumination intensities on the content of indirubin in the leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia( Nees) Bremek. and to provide a scientific evidence for carrying out standardized planting of Baphicacanthus cusia( Nees) Bremek.[Methods]Three groups of plants grown in different illumination intensities were set up,which were plants grown in shade, plants grown in half shade,and plants grown in sunshine. The growth status of plants was observed after plants were fixed in March. Leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia were picked up from May to next March. The content of indirubin in leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia was detected through high pressure liquid chromatograms( HPLC). [Results]the content of indirubin in leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia from three groups of plants grown in different illumination intensities had basically similar variation tendency during their growth cycles except comparatively lower content of indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia leaves picked up in several specific months.[Conclusions]Although three illumination intensities are all suitable for the plantation of Baphicacanthus cusia,full shade and half shade were far more appropriate after comprehensively considering the influence of illumination on the content of indirubin in Baphicacanthus cusia leaves,growth of plants and output.