杜鹃花ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

以杜鹃花为试验材料,采用正交实验方法,研究模板DNA浓度、ISSR引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、Mg2+浓度等5个因素对ISSR-PCR反应体系的影响,以建立适合杜鹃花的ISSR-PCR最佳扩增体系。结果表明:杜鹃花ISSR反应体系的最佳条件为模板DNA用量为60ng/20μL,ISSR引物浓度0.60μmol/L,dNTPs浓度0.50μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度30U/mL,Mg2+浓度为0.6mmol/L。采用该反应体系可以从10份杜鹃花(R.simsii)基因组内扩增出稳定性高、重复性好ISSR-PCR产物。该研究为杜鹃花的遗传多样性分析、ISSR指纹图谱构建、亲缘关系鉴定等研究奠定了基础。     

番石榴最适ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与验证

为更好地将ISSR标记应用于番石榴种质研究,以"维邦2号"番石榴DNA为筛选体系试验材料,采用单因子试验对ISSR-PCR反应中Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Taq酶浓度、DNA浓度进行了优化;选用引物UBC810对9份番石榴种质进行PCR反应,选取"南宁本地番石榴实生2号"DNA作为模板对8条ISSR引物进行PCR反应,对优化扩增体系进行验证。结果表明,番石榴20μL最适ISSR-PCR反应体系为1.0mmol/L Mg~(2+),0.25mmol/L dNTPs,0.8μmol/L引物,0.2U Taq酶,10ng的DNA(2.0μL 10×Buffer,加入适量ddH2O至20μL)。验证试验得到的扩增产物条带多态性丰富,且特异性强、重复性好。试验确立的最适ISSR-PCR反应体系适用于番石榴的ISSR分子标记。     

姬松茸ISSR特异扩增体系的研究

为了建立稳定的姬松茸(Agaricus blazei Murill)简单序列重复区间(Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats,ISSR)分子标记技术体系,笔者通过单因子试验分别研究了模板DNA、Mg2 浓度、dNTP、引物浓度和Taq酶用量对姬松茸ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,确定了姬松茸ISSR分析的最佳PCR条件为:25μL反应体系中,模板DNA20ng,引物0.75μmol/L,dNTP200μmol/L,Mg2 2.0mmol/L,Taq DNA polymerase 1.5U。并应用该优化体系筛选到6个适合姬松茸ISSR-PCR扩增的引物,为利用ISSR标记技术研究姬松茸的种质资源提供了参考。     

链格孢属小孢子种ISSR和RAPD-PCR最佳反应体系的建立

以13个链格孢属小孢子种菌株为试材,采用正交实验设计的方法,研究Mg2+、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶和引物4个因素在4个水平上对链格孢属小孢子种的ISSR和RAPD反应体系的影响。结果表明:链格孢属小孢子种ISSR和RAPD的最佳反应体系为25μL的ISSR-PCR反应体系中,10×PCR Buffer 2.50μL,Mg2+浓度为2.50mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为0.10mmol/L,引物浓度为0.30μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶用量为1.25U;在RAPD-PCR反应体系中,10×PCR Buffer 2.50μL,Mg2+浓度为2.00mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为0.15mmol/L,引物浓度为0.60μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶用量为1.25U;在此基础上,对最佳反应体系的退火温度进行了筛选确定;在确定退火温度后,采用最佳反应体系,用ISSR引物UBC808和RAPD引物OPE07进行稳定性和通用性验证,结果表明该优化反应体系具有较好的稳定性和通用性。     

李种质资源ISSR反应体系的建立

以5′-(AC)_9 A-3′为引物对牛心李(Prunus salicina cv.Niuxinli)ISSR(inter-simple sequence repeats)反应体系的优化研究表明,25μL ISSR反应体系中,Taq酶、Mg~(2+)、引物、模板DNA和dNTPs5种主要成分的最适浓度分别是:0.3U、1.5mmol/L、0.2μmol/L、20ng和0.16mmol/L。利用该优化体系,以5′-(AC)_9 T-3′为引物,构建了中国李18个品种的ISSR指纹图谱,该引物可将这些品种完全区别开来;以5′-(AC)_9 C-3′为引物,构建了李属6类种质资源的ISSR指纹图谱,该引物区分率为100％。     

苹果柱型基因的ISSR分子标记研究

 以普通型苹果品种‘富士’和柱型苹果‘舞姿’以及其杂交后代的柱型与非柱型实生苗为试材, 建立了苹果的ISSR ( Inter-Simple Squence Repeat polymorphic DNA) 分子标记体系, 并将ISSR 标记用于苹果柱型基因Co 的遗传分析。结果表明, 在20μL 反应体系中各组分的用量为Taq DNA 聚合酶1U、Mg²⁺ 的浓度为2.5 mmol·L^-1 、模板DNA 用量20 ng、引物浓度0.2μmol·L - 1及退火温度52 ℃, 80 %引物具有良好的扩增能力。调整模板DNA 的用量、引物浓度及退火温度能够优化苹果ISSR-PCR 扩增体系。从所筛选的65 个引物中获得了35 个ISSR 标记, 其中33 个标记呈现1∶1 分离, 可用于苹果柱型基因的遗传分析。     

利用正交试验建立橄榄的ISSR-PCR反应体系

采用正交试验设计,对影响橄榄ISSR-PCR的5个主要因素(Mg2+浓度、dNTP、Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA浓度和引物浓度)在4个水平上进行优化筛选,建立了适合橄榄ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系。即20μl体系中含有Mg2+3.0 mmol/L、dNTP 0.225 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1 U、模板DNA80 ng和引物0.25μmol/L,利用该体系对多个橄榄品种进行ISSR分析取得良好结果。     

大葱ISSR反应体系的建立及优化

以大葱嫩叶为试材,采用单因素试验和正交实验探讨了Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、TaqDNA聚合酶用量、模板DNA以及Buffer用量对大葱ISSR-PCR扩增的影响,建立了大葱ISSR反应体系。结果表明:优化后的最佳反应体系为10μL反应体系中,10×Buffer缓冲液1.0μL,Mg~(2+)浓度为2.0mmol·L~(-1),dNTPs浓度为0.3mmol·L~(-1),引物浓度为0.65μmol·L~(-1),Taq酶1.0U,模板DNA为60ng,用灭菌的超纯水补齐体积至10μL。对大葱71份样品材料进行ISSR-PCR扩增体系的检测结果显示,该优化体系扩增的产物条带清晰,稳定性高,为大葱种质ISSR分子标记遗传结构分析提供参考依据。     

光核桃ISSR扩增体系的优化

为确保光核桃ISSR反应条件的稳定性,以改良的CTAB法提取光核桃基因组DNA,对模板DNA浓度、MgCl2浓度、dNTPs浓度、Taq酶用量、引物浓度等因素进行了优化,确立了光核桃ISSR反应体系。结果表明:最佳反应体系为模板浓度40ng/μL、引物浓度0.4μmol/L、Mg2+的浓度2.5mmol/L、酶浓度0.5U、dNTPs浓度0.5mmol/L,为光核桃这一优质的种质资源的遗传多样性研究奠定了理论基础。     

山楂ISSR分析体系的建立和优化

为在DNA分子水平上对山楂种质资源进行分析奠定基础,对退火温度、循环次数、DNA模板质量、Mg2+浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶的种类和浓度等影响ISSR反应的因素进行研究,建立并优化了山楂的ISSR分析体系。优化的山楂ISSR分析体系为:采用改进的CTAB法或QIAGEN试剂盒法提取总DNA;PCR反应体积为20μL,内含1×PCR反应缓冲液(Promega公司),3.0mmol/L MgCl2,0.2mmol/L dNTP,0.3μmol/L引物,0.5U Taq DNA聚合酶(天根公司),50ng总DNA;扩增程序为94℃ 3min;94℃ 30s,退火温度1min,72℃ 2min,38个循环,72℃ 7min。筛选出了10个适宜山楂遗传分析的ISSR引物。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.