搞好水土保持 建设秀美临汾

临汾位于山西省中南部，全市水土流失面积14374km^2，占全市总面积的70.9%。年均土壤蚀模数6439t/km^2，年输入黄河泥沙9000多万t。     

四川盆地中部农区水土保持林防护效益的初步研究

四川盆地中部浅丘农区水土流失严重，侵蚀模数达8815t/km^2.a，通过对水土流失成因分析和试验观测，水土流失主要发生在坡耕地，根据水土流失现状提出了营造水土保持林的治理方案，治理后每平方公里土壤蓄水容量增加22236.1m^3，次洪流量所产生的侵蚀模数由79.14t/km^2下降到3．71t/km^2。     

神东矿区2005—2018年水土流失动态变化研究

基于多源遥感影像,采用资料收集、遥感监测、模型计算等方法,定量推算了神东矿区2005、2010、2015、2018年土壤侵蚀模数,并对不同侵蚀强度土地面积进行了对比分析,结果表明:2005—2018年神东矿区土壤侵蚀模数由3322.53 t/(km^2·a)降低至852.17 t/(km^2·a),水土流失面积减少了355.75 km^2,相当于矿区面积1/3还多,其中中度侵蚀面积减少最多,减少了346.89 km^2。整体来看,矿区土壤侵蚀模数降低,水土流失面积明显减少,土壤侵蚀由高强度向低强度转移,生态环境显著改善。     

长江上游水土流失与防治对策研究

根据长江上游各省水土流失遥感分析资料、国土资源数据、农业区划和有关的水土流失研究成果,综合分析长江上游水土流失现状与特征,指出长江上游水土流失面积49.63km^2,年平均土壤侵蚀量21.79亿t/a,大部分地区属中、强度侵蚀区,平均土壤侵蚀模数4390t/km^2.a。森林砍伐、植被破坏和坡耕地垦殖是造成水土流失加大的主要因素。防治对策应以小流域综合治理为核心,以坡耕地合理利用和保水保土措施为重点。切实加强退耕还林工程和天然林保护工程的建设。     

水土保持不松劲 生态建设大有为

阳高县位于山西省北部,全县国土总面积1 668 km^2,水土流失面积1 246 km^2,占到74.7%。年均土壤侵蚀模数5 500 t/km^2,水土流失严重,生态环境脆弱。60多年来,以大泉山水土流失综合治理成果为样板,全县累计完成水土流失综合治理面积675.77 km^2,治理度达到54.23%,林草覆盖率达到32.85%。水土保持使山变绿、水变清,生态环境明显改善,社会经济持续发展,居民生活质量明显提高,为全面建成小康社会奠定了坚实基础。介绍了水土保持生态建设助力脱贫攻坚、发展社会经济的做法与成效。     

玉门河上游生态治理的必要性

玉门河是省城太原市西部的河流之一,属汾河一级支流,处于晋祠泉域重点保护区范围。流域面积27.26 km^2,其中水土流失面积11.27 km^2,占到总土地面积40%以上,年均土壤侵蚀模数2 377 t/km^2。目前存在的主要生态问题是河道脏乱、水质污染和水土流失。在全面深入分析玉门河上游生态治理必要性的基础上,根据实际情况,布局了综合治理措施。     

吕梁市淤地坝建设资源分析

吕梁市地处晋西黄土高原,总面积21 095km^2,山区、丘陵区面积占到94.4%,年均土壤侵蚀模数10000t/km^2～18000t/km^2,年流失泥沙量达1.67亿t,水土流失十分严重.治沟打坝,不仅有利于控制水土流失,而且有利于建设高标准的坝地基本农田.从地貌来看,黄土丘陵沟壑区、土石山区、黄土丘陵阶地区均有较优越的建坝条件.文章从全市的筑坝地形、筑坝主副材料、筑坝技术力量、筑坝所需劳动力、筑坝施工设备等方面,分析了淤地坝建设的资源潜力,认为在吕梁市实施大规模的淤地坝建设是完全可性的.     

保德县的水土保持主要经验

保德县地处黄河中游东岸,属典型的黄土丘陵沟壑区,是黄土高原地区水土流失最为严重、生态环境最为脆弱的县份之一.全县总土地面积998 km2,水土流失面积995 km2,占99.7％.多年平均土壤侵蚀模数8 000-15 000 t/kin2,每年输入黄河泥沙450万t.至2011年底,累计治理水土流失602.5 km2,治理度达60.37％.介绍了水土保持的主要做法与经验,针对存在问题提出了一些建议.     

阴山北麓农牧交错带土壤侵蚀驱动机制研究

阴山北麓农牧交错带是我国北方生态建设的重要防线。近年来由于人口迅速增加,经济相对贫困,不合理的土地利用,导致土地急剧退化,土壤侵蚀严重。研究区水土流失的主要特点是风蚀与水蚀共存,最大风蚀模数达9 985t/（km^2·a）,最大水蚀模数为3 000 t/（km^2·a）,复合侵蚀量非常大,水土流失面积占土地总面积的89.8%。针对这样的情况,对当地土壤侵蚀过程进行了阐述,分析了导致土壤侵蚀的自然因素和人为因素,发现这两个因素在时间和空间上具有藕合性,揭示出二者相互影响、相互促进、协同加剧的规律,为当地土壤侵蚀治理提供思路。     

无定河流域水土保持生态环境建设方略初探

无定河流域地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原的交接地带，水土流失面积23137km^2．占总面积的76．5％，土壤侵蚀模数11132t/km^2．a，多年平均输沙量14667万t，是黄河中游水土流失最为严重的地区之一。根据无定河流域地形、地貌、地面物质组成和水土流失特点．将全流域划分为河源涧地区、风沙区、黄土丘陵沟壑区等三个类型区，并根据分区特征．科学地提出了水土保持生态环境建设方略及分区措施配置模式。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

圆叶决明的栽培技术及其防蚀培肥的功效

经多年种植结果表明，圆叶决明具有覆盖率高、固氮率高、适应性和抗逆性强等特点，是山地茶果园水土流失地套种的先锋作物，本文阐述了圆叶决明的特征特性、栽培技术以及防治水土流失、培肥地力的作用。     

Soil organic matter and the adsorption and decomposition of the herbicides atrazine and linuron

Soil was subjected to a variety of treatments so as to provide a series of materials with different organic residues. These preparations were inoculated with an aqueous extract of untreated soil, then incubated at 20°C with atrazine or linuron and rates of herbicide degradation were followed. The rates were lowest when virtually all the organic matter had been removed by peroxidation. The most rapid break-down occurred in samples which had been successively extracted with ethanol + toluene, hot water, dilute acid and dilute alkali. It is suggested that the organic residue left after this sequence contained hydrolysed materials that were easily metabolized and hence could support the most active microbial population. There was no relationship between extent of adsorption and decomposition rate.     

Mobility and breakdown of asulam in the soil and the possible impact on the environment

Asulam reaching the soil either directly as spray drift or as rain washings from bracken fronds would, due to its rapid mobility in soil, be expected to leach down the soil profile into the drainage water and thereby contaminate streams and water catchments. The mobility of asulam in soil is influenced by pH, where undissociated asulam will leach less rapidly than the associated form (asulam pK_a 4·82). This is particularly relevant in the case of bracken as it can grow satisfactorily over a wide range of pH values (3·6 – 7·6). Adsorption coefficients expressed as Kd values [(μg asulam/g soil)/(μg asulam/ml solution)] were 2·54, 1·94 and 0·96 at pH readings of 4·0, 4·3 and 4·9 respectively. Another factor involved, the breakdown of asulam, was shown to be temperature dependent, 30·95, 7·65 and 2·50% remaining after 28 days at 5, 18 and 25°C respectively, thus underlining the influence of geographical regions and climatic conditions on asulam behaviour.     

甘蔗节间蛋白质含量与生长发育关系的研究

选用8个不同基因型的甘蔗，即粤糖86-368、新台糖16号、农林8号、拔地拉、割手密和从甘蔗杂交后代F1中选出的3株种茎的无性系(单株)。在甘蔗伸长初期，测定其 2节间至 8节间的长度、茎径，同时取 3、 5、 8节间，测定其可溶性蛋白质、细胞壁离子型结合蛋白质、细胞壁共价型结合蛋白质及可溶性总糖的含量。结果表明：从 2节间到 8节间，不同基因型的节间长度的变化极为相似，除割手密外，其它基因型甘蔗的节间长度都在 6节达到最长；但其茎径在 6节间以后仍保持稍微的增粗。从 3节间到 5、 8节间，所有基因型的三类蛋白质含量都逐渐下降，而可溶性总糖含量都逐渐提高。其中，三个节间较粗的基因型即拔地拉、粤糖86—368和无性系3号，其三类蛋白质含量相对较高，而可溶性总糖含量相对较低。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

图书馆与大力发展文化创意产业之间的关系

党的十七届六中全会提出了要推动文化创意产业成为国民经济的支柱性产业。图书馆拥有丰富的文献资源和信息服务能力,在为文化创意产业项目提供信息服务的同时,应提升自身形象,谋求更大发展。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.