咸蛋与咸蛋黄的腌制技术

自二十世纪后期以来,我国咸蛋加工业得到迅速发展,咸蛋产量大大增加,甚至出口创汇,但我国咸蛋加工业也存在着诸多问题,咸蛋加工业没有达到大规模化、机械化和产业化生产,多数企业一直采用传统的工艺、简陋的设备来生产咸蛋制品,有关咸蛋的科学研究偏少,缺乏对咸蛋腌制技术的深入研究及新型咸蛋加工方法。     

用咸蛋腌制剂加工咸蛋的方法

本文探讨了用咸蛋腌制剂加工咸蛋的方法。结果表明,咸蛋腌制剂适用于盐水浸泡法、泥包法、灰包法、五香盐水浸泡法生产咸蛋,对预防盐水变质,实现盐水反复利用,降低黑蛋黄产生率,防止黑蛋圈产生有显著的效果,对提高咸蛋成品率、提高咸蛋品质、促进环境保护、提高经济效益都有积极的作用。     

循环水腌制咸蛋工艺研究

为解决浸泡法加工咸蛋时盐溶液浓度上下不一致的问题,提高咸蛋品质,本研究利用循环水工艺腌制咸蛋.结果发现,循环水能促进盐分向蛋内渗透,同一缸中用循环水腌制的咸蛋蛋白盐浓度明显比对照组(静态水)均匀,但对咸蛋合格率及成熟时间影响不大;在货架期60 d时,循环水腌制的咸蛋合格率明显高于对照组,蛋黄泥化的比例大大降低.     

苏丹红事件对中国的蛋品出口带来影响

在中国发现部分咸蛋中含有致癌物质苏丹红后，加拿大食品检验检疫局表示，将采取措施，严格审查进口咸蛋制品。目前加国本国生产的咸蛋中，尚没有发现苏丹红，两批含有苏丹红的问题咸蛋也没有流入加拿大。     

“包咸蛋”的加工工艺

皮蛋和咸蛋都是我国的传统产品,深受人们的喜爱。咸蛋黄是咸蛋的精华,但成熟的咸蛋在销售保存期间,随着时间的延长,蛋清内NaCl的含量迅速升高,咸蛋白因含盐量过高,而不能食用。皮蛋的生产时间长、用料复杂,成本大。为了改进皮蛋和咸蛋的加工工艺,结合皮蛋和咸蛋的加工原理,加工     

不同养殖及腌制方式下咸鸭蛋的贮藏期研究

以笼养和地面养殖鸭蛋为原料,采用浸泡法和泥包法腌制咸蛋,经过清洗和包泥贮藏不同处理,探讨不同养殖方式及腌制方法对咸蛋贮藏期的影响。贮藏期间进行挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、含盐率以及坏蛋率监测。结果表明:盐水腌制咸蛋品质较好,而泥包法腌制咸蛋容易出现黑蛋黄;笼养蛋加工的咸蛋贮藏期均比地面养殖蛋长;泥包法腌制咸蛋后不清洗直接贮藏较适宜。     

盐泥浓香咸蛋的研制及最佳配方筛选

传统盐泥咸蛋由于只使用食盐，腌制成的咸蛋风味单调，熟制后腥味仍然很重，适口性差。该试验研究以改善咸蛋风味为主要目的，采用全新的包料配方和包制方法，使腌制的咸蛋能达到蛋白洁白细嫩，蛋黄橘黄带油沙，质地松软细腻，香味馥郁，腥气完全消失，咸味适中等风味指标。     

“包成蛋”的加工工艺

皮蛋和咸蛋都是我国的传统产品，深受人们的喜爱。咸蛋黄是咸蛋的精华，但成熟的咸蛋在销售保存期间，随着时间的延长，蛋清内NaCl的含量迅速升高，咸蛋白因含盐量过高，而不能食用。皮蛋的生产时间长、用料复杂，成本大。为了改进皮蛋和咸蛋的加工工艺，结合皮蛋和咸蛋的加工原理，加工出“包咸蛋”。其蛋白呈茶棕色，凝胶状，富有弹性。蛋黄呈球珠砂形，半润鲜红，油露松沙。禽蛋加工成“包咸蛋”后，营养价值基本不受损失，而且由于在加工过程中，水分减少，使其蛋内的营养价值相对提高，尤其使蛋白中蛋白质的含量和糖的含量相对增多。另外大幅度改善了其色、香、味，     

供求商情

技术转让 松花蛋、出油咸蛋、塑膜彩蛋技术转让 生产松花蛋、出油咸蛋、塑膜彩蛋是蛋鸡场、蛋鸭场和孵化场的最佳附属项目,也是打工者回乡创业的投资小、见效快的好项目。我厂研制的松花蛋7天成熟，出油咸蛋24小时腌成，     

咸蛋的加工

咸蛋的加工＠贾洪一咸蛋的加工贾洪一咸蛋又名腌蛋、盐蛋，因其加工比较简单，费用低，产品风味特殊，所以近年来产量不断增加。一、加工原理咸蛋主要用食盐腌制而成。食盐有一定的防腐能力，蛋经盐水浸泡后，可以抑制蛋壳表面微生物的繁殖，使蛋内容物的分解和变化速度延缓，从...     

不同咸蛋腌制温度对禽流感毒灭活的影响

经人工接种H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的鸭蛋,分别在12℃、22℃和32℃条件下按常规方法腌制于饱和盐水中,同时以置饱和盐水中的禽流感病毒和未经处理禽流感病毒样品作为对照,通过MDCK细胞培养、间接免疫荧光方法定期进行禽流感病毒毒力测定,结果在12℃、22℃和32℃条件下腌制鸭蛋中的禽流感病毒分别于49天、27天和4天失去毒力,置饱和盐水中的禽流感病毒分别在27天、9天和2天失去毒力,而未经处理的禽流感病毒分别在92天、29天和17天失去毒力;不同试验温度条件下,以荧光RT-PCR检测腌制鸭蛋和对照样品中的禽流感病毒,在100天后仍可检出病毒核酸(Ct<30)。以上检测结果表明,在腌制鸭蛋时于常温下置饱和盐水腌制40天以上的传统咸蛋生产工艺,可使禽流感病毒完全失去毒力,腌制的鲜咸蛋携带或传播禽流感病毒的风险极低或不存在风险。     

用RT-PCR技术检测盐渍猪肠衣中猪瘟病毒的研究

参考GenBank中发表的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）序列，设计一对CSFV特异性PCR引物；从CSFV感染猪盐渍小肠中提取总RNA，经逆转录后进行PCR扩增，在盐渍小肠中成功扩增出与预期大小（168bp）一致的特异性条带，而正常猪和感染猪伪狂犬病病毒的猪小肠扩增结果均为阴性。用本方法对20例不同稀释浓度的盐渍猪肠衣样本进行检测，结果显示比经典抗原检测方法（抗原捕获ELISA法）具有更高的敏感性。实验表明，本RT—PCR技术能应用于盐渍猪肠衣的CSFV检测，为快速、准确检测盐渍猪肠衣中CSFV提供了一条新途径。     

Formation of zinc protoporphyrin IX in Parma-like ham without nitrate or nitrite

Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZPP) is a characteristic red pigment in meat products that are manufactured without the addition of a curing agent such as nitrate or nitrite. To examine the effects of impurities such as mineral components in sea salt on the formation of ZPP, we manufactured Parmatype dry-cured hams that were salted with refined salt or sea salt and examined the involvement of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the formation of ZPP. The content of ZPP was increased drastically after 40 weeks. Microscopic observation showed strong fluorescence caused by ZPP muscle fiber after 40 weeks. Conversely, heme content varied considerably during processing. ORP increased during processing. However, there was no obvious difference between ham salted with refined salt and that salted with sea salt. Therefore, it was concluded that impurities in sea salt were not involved in the formation of ZPP.     

饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加维生素E和有机硒对攸县麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及咸蛋蛋黄品质的影响。选用200只健康的处于产蛋高峰期的攸县麻鸭,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸭。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加50 IU/kg维生素E、0.2 mg/kg硒、0.2 mg/kg硒+50 IU/kg维生素E。试验期为63 d。结果表明：1)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的产蛋率和日产蛋重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的料蛋比均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄硒含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅳ组的蛋黄维生素E含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的咸蛋蛋黄硬心率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组硬心率显著低于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加维生...     

分散固相萃取结合UPLC-Orbitrap MS联用测定鸡蛋中五氯苯酚残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-静电轨道阱质谱联用测定禽蛋中五氯苯酚残留量的分析方法。取均质后的禽蛋样品经乙腈溶液提取,加入无水硫酸镁和氯化钠进行脱水和盐析,高速离心分层后,取适量乙腈层溶液经0.1%(V∶V)甲酸稀释后,用酸性氧化铝粉末进行样品净化并以10000 r/min离心取上清液,过0.22μm滤膜后上机测定。使用反相色谱柱进行分离,流动相为乙腈:0.1%甲酸=75∶25,采用等度程序进行洗脱,静电轨道阱质谱进行定性定量分析。结果表明,五氯苯酚在0.5~100μg/kg范围内线性关系良好(r>0.995),方法的最低检出限为0.2μg/kg,最低定量限为0.5μg/kg,添加回收率在74.43%~96.85%之间,批内批间变异系数CV%<10%。该方法具有较好的准确度与精密度,适用于禽蛋中五氯苯酚残留量的测定。     

不同储存方法对鼠肉内旋毛虫幼虫感染性影响

旋毛虫阳性小鼠的肌肉经不同方法储存后,为观察其对小鼠感染性的变化,取健康小白鼠20只随即分作4组,每组分别喂食新鲜、4℃冷藏、及-18℃冷冻,及腌制＋冷藏一定时间的旋毛虫阳性的小鼠腿肌肉约1g。饲养1～2周,剖杀,取其膈肌、腿肌镜下观察是否呈旋毛虫囊包阳性。结果显示,喂食新鲜旋毛虫阳性鼠肉的小鼠和喂食经过冷藏的阳性鼠肉的小鼠都感染了旋毛虫,而喂食经冷冻的和经腌制＋冷藏的鼠肉的小鼠均未感染旋毛虫,可见,将肉类冷冻或严格冷藏储存一定时间可杀死其中的旋毛虫,减弱其致病性,降低因食用疫肉而患病的风险。     

Chemical composition of Mopane worm sampled at three sites in Botswana and subjected to different processing

Effects of site and degutting on chemical composition of mopane worm were investigated. Samples were cooked for 30 min in either brine or in plain water. Samples from Moreomabele were high in acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P < 0.05) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) (P < 0.01) while samples from Sefophe had least ADF and ADIN concentrations. In vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) tended (P = 0.06) to be high in samples from Maunatlala than those from Moreomabele and Sefophe. No site difference (P > 0.05) was observed on the rest of the variables. Degutted samples had high crude protein (CP), ADF and IVTDMD (P < 0.05) but lower (P < 0.001) concentrations of ash, acid detergent lignin (ADL) and condensed tannins. Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in degutted than whole samples. Salting did not (P > 0.05) change concentrations of all but ADF which tended (P = 0.09) to be high in salted samples. Samples which were degutted and salted had higher (P < 0.01) ADF and ADIN than degutted and salted or those left whole and salted or left unsalted. Leaving samples as whole diluted the concentration of CP but increased the fibre components and condensed tannins content. However, mopane worm destined for livestock feeding may be left whole and salt added.     

3个品种鸡的蛋品质比较研究

随机选取43周龄的拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、藏鸡鸡蛋和白来航鸡鸡蛋各30枚,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明,3个品种鸡的蛋品质存在差异,除蛋比重差异不显著（P〉0.05）外,拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋壳颜色、气室直径、蛋壳百分率、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重量、蛋壳厚度均存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、藏鸡鸡蛋与白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋形指数存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋白高度、哈氏单位存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;蛋白重量、蛋黄比色在3个品种鸡的鸡蛋中存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋的蛋白百分率存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;3个品种鸡的蛋壳重量和蛋黄百分率相互表现出显著或极显著差异（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;拉萨白鸡鸡蛋、白来航鸡鸡蛋与藏鸡鸡蛋的血肉斑存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。综合来看,拉萨白鸡的蛋品质最佳,具有良好的市场前景,应加大对拉萨白鸡的品种培育力度。     

杂交原种7·湘、9·芙产卵后保护时间与冷藏期限的关系

试验结果表明，杂交原种7·湘、9·芙产卵后分别保护48h，进库砖藏40天，孵化率最高；保护72h后，冷藏50天，孵化率最高；保护96h后，冷藏70天，孵化率最高；保护5天，冷藏90天，孵化率最高；保护6天，冷藏100天，孵化率最高；保护7天，冷藏120天，孵化率最高。     

Categorisation and causes of abnormal egg shells: relationship with stress

Concern regarding the proportion of brown eggs being laid with abnormal egg shells led to an investigation of the relationship between disturbance or stress and egg shell appearance and quality. The abnormalities fell into two main classes: misshapen or bulging eggs and eggs coated with a superficial layer of amorphous calcium, variously termed dusted, white banded, chalky or pink eggs. Translocation of hens from pens to cages resulted in a decrease in egg production and an increase in the proportion of abnormal eggs over the succeeding 18 d. Disturbance to flocks on deep litter resulted in an increase in the proportion of eggs laid with abnormal shells on the following day, not only in the flocks directly affected but also in an adjacent flock. Exclusion from their nests of birds accustomed to laying in nest boxes resulted in disturbed prelaying behaviour, retention of eggs in the shell gland and an increased proportion of coated eggs. Administration of 0.1, 0.25 or 1.0 mg of adrenaline subcutaneously resulted in the retention of eggs currently in the hens' shell glands and in an increased proportion of eggs with abnormal egg shells being laid during the following 10 d. A dose response effect was apparent. There was evidence that the nature of the particular abnormality produced was dependent on the stage of egg formation at which the disturbance was imposed and, if retention followed, upon the length of time the egg was retained. Disturbances when eggs were only lightly calcified tended to result in misshapen eggs, while those occurring when oviposition was imminent tended to result in coated eggs. Dusted or pink eggs followed moderate retention whereas white banded eggs were seen after prolonged retention. These observations may provide a basis for a non-invasive method of assessing stress in laying hens as well as helping to account for hitherto inexplicable occurrences of declining egg shell quality.