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免疫球蛋白是体液免疫反应的物质基础,当前在人和动物体内已发现和提纯出五类免疫球蛋白,即IgG、IgM,IgA、IgE、IgD。其中IgG、IgM两类免疫球蛋白以高浓度遍布于身体的大部,而且构成对一个抗原攻击的全身体液反应的主要部分,IgA,IgE,IgD,具有特殊的和局部的作用。 相似文献
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抗原经动物的口腔、粘膜或注射等途径进入动物体内,抗原在动物的体内,经过一系列免疫应答产生抗体。抗体的产生,首先抗原在机体内通过透导,在透导的过程中,根据透导时间的长短,决定抗体——IgG或IgM的产生。抗原在体内透导时间长短,它决定于抗原的性质和动物机体的反应程度,在体内透导的时间越长,产生IgG的可能性就越大(IgG在体内的产生晚于IgM),再次反应需借助T细胞和B细胞的作用,与依赖性抗体FC(成熟的B细胞)结合,这种结合武装的白细胞,产生一种相应抗病原微生物的作用。 相似文献
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给10头8周龄仔猪经口感染猪流行性腹泻肠管毒,于感染后5、15、25、35和45d各扑杀2头,采取胃及各段肠管标本,用免疫过氧化物酶技术(间接法)检查胃肠粘膜固有层中IgA、IgM和IgG产生细胞数;收集血液及胃、各段肠管分泌液,应用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定IgA、IgM和IgG含量。结果:实验猪感染后第15d,空肠下段、回肠和回盲口处粘膜固有层中IgA和IgM产生细胞明显增多,肠管分泌液中IgA含量与IgA产生细胞数呈正相关,肠道局部免疫反应的高峰比全身性(系统性)免疫出现得早,且周期短。本试验提示,肠道粘膜积极参与了该病的免疫过程;胃肠道对猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)免疫反应的主要部位在空肠下段、回肠和回盲目;参与胃肠道免疫反应的免疫球蛋白产生细胞主要是IgA和IgM产生细胞。 相似文献
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口服鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中IgA、IgM和IgG发生规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探讨鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中抗体发生的规律,本研究将鸭瘟病毒Cha株弱毒苗经口免疫20日龄樱桃谷鸭,60 d内定时随机剖杀5只鸭,采集血清、胆汁、气管和消化道(食道、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠)分泌液,应用间接ELISA检测抗DPV的IgAI、gM和IgG滴度(以Log10表示)。结果表明:①血清中检测到IgA、IgM和IgG的时间段分别为9-36、3-15和9-60天,滴度由高到低为IgG、IgM和IgA;②胆汁中检测到IgAI、gM和IgG的时间段分别为6-15、9-12和12-36天,滴度由高到低为IgA、IgG和IgM;③气管中检测到IgA、IgM和IgG的时间段分别为6-60、3-12和9-27天,滴度由高到低为IgAI、gM和IgG;④食道中检测到IgAI、gM和IgG的时间段分别为3-60、3-27和9-60天,滴度由高到低为IgA、IgM和IgG;⑤各肠段抗体滴度由高到低及相应检测到的时间段:十二指肠中为IgA(3-60天)I、gM(3-15天)和IgG(9-27天);空肠中为IgA(6-60天)I、gM(6-12天)和IgG(9-36天);回肠中为IgA(9-60天)、IgM(6-9天)和IgG(15-21天);盲肠中为IgA(6-60天)I、gG(12-36天)和IgM(6天);直肠中为IgA(3-60天)I、gG(12-21天)和IgM(6天)。结果显示,鸭瘟弱毒疫苗经口免疫鸭后,IgM和IgG分别是系统免疫中体液免疫的先锋抗体和主要抗体;IgA、IgG和IgM在胆汁中存留时间短;IgA是气管和消化道中的主要抗体。 相似文献
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为了研究圈养条件下驯鹿免疫生理状态,试验采用酶联免疫法对敖鲁古雅原始部落景区驯鹿粪便中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量进行测定,并对不同年龄和不同性别驯鹿粪便中三种免疫球蛋白的含量及相关性进行了比较分析。结果表明:驯鹿粪便中IgA含量最高,其次是IgG和IgM;三种免疫球蛋白含量随年龄增长出现先升后降的变化趋势,IgA和IgG在各年龄组间的变化较明显;不同性别间,雌驯鹿粪便中IgA、IgG和IgM含量在不同年龄段均高于雄鹿,其中IgA含量在青年组和成年组雌、雄驯鹿间差异显著(P0.05);驯鹿粪便中IgA和IgG之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),IgA与IgM、IgG与IgM之间相关性不显著(P0.05)。说明粪便IgA可以作为探测驯鹿免疫生理状态的重要指标,为驯鹿圈养种群的监测和健康评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
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鸡脾脏中B淋巴细胞的发育及其定位分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用IgM、IgG和IgA单克隆抗体的免疫组织化学方法,研究IgM+、IgG+和IgA+B淋巴细胞在鸡脾脏中的出现、迁移、数量变化规律等一系列的发育过程以及组织定位分布特点。结果显示,IgM+和IgA+细胞在胚胎15日龄时开始出现,IgG+细胞在胚胎18日龄时出现,21日龄雏鸡脾脏的红髓和生发中心中出现以IgG型为主的浆细胞。各日龄IgM+、IgG+和IgA+细胞主要分布在脾脏的特征性组织结构—椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中,这些结构也随着B淋巴细胞的增多而不断发育成熟。B淋巴细胞的数量随着日龄增长持续增加,直至21日龄时趋于稳定,各日龄B淋巴细胞数量始终以IgG+细胞最多,IgM+细胞次之,IgA+细胞最少。结果表明,鸡出壳初期,脾脏的体液免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄时达到成熟水平。 相似文献
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用Lasota系ND疫苗分别于10、20日龄进行点眼免疫后采用SLAB免疫组织化学对鸡哈氏腺在新新城疫(Newcastle Disease,ND)疫苗点眼免疫后IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的数量变化及分布特征进行了研究。研究发现,Lasota系ND疫苗点眼免疫后鸡哈氏腺中(Harderian Gland,HG)中IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的出现较对照组早,并于48日龄达到峰值,一免及二免后三种类型的浆细胞数量均极高于对照组(P<0.01),其中IgA浆细胞的数量最多,IgM型浆细胞次之,IgG型浆细胞的数量最少。IgA、IgM、IgG三种浆细胞均散在分布于哈氏腺的间质中,且主要围绕各级管腔上皮及腺上皮分布,其中成熟的浆细胞紧贴腺上皮及管腔上皮分布。表明Lasonta系ND疫苗点眼免疫后可促进哈氏腺中的IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的分化、成熟,这些浆细胞分泌的抗体成分可通过上皮而被分泌到管腔中去,最后到达泪液中,在眼区及上呼吸道起到保护作用。 相似文献
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动物免疫功能药剂的发展与应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
动物机体的免疫系统包括参与免疫反应的各种免疫细胞、组织与器官,包括巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞以及胸腺和淋巴组织(淋巴结、脾、扁桃体)。在执行免疫过程中,巨噬细胞分化为B细胞、T细胞和浆细胞。在抗原的刺激下,B细胞和T细胞分别增殖、分化为浆细胞和致敏小淋巴细胞;而后由将浆细胞合成多种免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD、IgE等抗体,并与抗原发生反应,产生体液免疫;由致敏小淋巴细胞与抗原发生反应,产生细胞免疫。此外,淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞还可产生干扰素、白细胞介素、巨噬细胞因子等参与免疫功能的调节。颗粒白细胞… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献