Serine-7 of the RNA polymerase II CTD is specifically required for snRNA gene expression

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes genes that encode proteins and noncoding small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). The carboxyl-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of mammalian RNA Pol II, comprising tandem repeats of the heptapeptide consensus Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7, is required for expression of both gene types. We show that mutation of serine-7 to alanine causes a specific defect in snRNA gene expression. We also present evidence that phosphorylation of serine-7 facilitates interaction with the snRNA gene-specific Integrator complex. These findings assign a biological function to this amino acid and highlight a gene type-specific requirement for a residue within the CTD heptapeptide, supporting the existence of a CTD code.     

Acetylation by Tip60 is required for selective histone variant exchange at DNA lesions

Phosphorylation of the human histone variant H2A.X and H2Av, its homolog in Drosophila melanogaster, occurs rapidly at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Little is known about the function of this phosphorylation or its removal during DNA repair. Here, we demonstrate that the Drosophila Tip60 (dTip60) chromatin-remodeling complex acetylates nucleosomal phospho-H2Av and exchanges it with an unmodified H2Av. Both the histone acetyltransferase dTip60 as well as the adenosine triphosphatase Domino/p400 catalyze the exchange of phospho-H2Av. Thus, these data reveal a previously unknown mechanism for selective histone exchange that uses the concerted action of two distinct chromatin-remodeling enzymes within the same multiprotein complex.     

RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells

During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.     

CHD1 motor protein is required for deposition of histone variant H3.3 into chromatin in vivo

The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.     

AXR4 is required for localization of the auxin influx facilitator AUX1

The AUX1 and PIN auxin influx and efflux facilitators are key regulators of root growth and development. For root gravitropism to occur, AUX1 and PIN2 must transport auxin via the lateral root cap to elongating epidermal cells. Genetic studies suggest that AXR4 functions in the same pathway as AUX1. Here we show that AXR4 is a previously unidentified accessory protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that regulates localization of AUX1 but not of PIN proteins. Loss of AXR4 resulted in abnormal accumulation of AUX1 in the ER of epidermal cells, indicating that the axr4 agravitropic phenotype is caused by defective AUX1 trafficking in the root epidermis.     

Structure of 3' terminal region of type II human T lymphotropic virus: evidence for new coding region

The sequence of the 3' terminus of the human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) was determined and compared to the corresponding sequence of HTLV-I. The 1557-nucleotide-long sequence can be divided into a 5' region that is not conserved between the two viruses, and a 3', 1011-nucleotide-long region that is highly conserved and that corresponds precisely with a long open reading frame for both HTLV-I and -II. The proteins that could be encoded by these open reading frames have a molecular weight of about 38,000 and are closely related in primary amino acid sequence. The genomic structure in the 3' region of HTLV was found to be similar to that of bovine leukemia virus.     

粳稻徐稻3号机插高产栽培技术研究

通过研究徐稻3号机插条件下的高产栽培技术,明确了淮北地区徐稻3号机插条件下的高产栽培技术关键点:机插的适宜密度为4～7万苗/667m2,机插规格为13.5 cm×30 cm;最佳施氮量为17.6 kg/667m2,且基蘖肥与穗肥比例为5.5:4.5或5:5.     

氮化硅陶瓷的ELID高速磨削工艺试验研究

在采用封闭式阴极装置实现高速ELID磨削的基础上,对氮化硅陶瓷的ELID高速磨削工艺机理进行了研究.通过与非ELID高速磨削工艺的对比,揭示了氮化硅陶瓷ELID高速磨削的工艺机理,并给出了其表面粗糙度、磨削力与工艺参数之间的变化规律.这些规律表明:ELID高速磨削工艺能大大地减小氮化硅陶瓷的表面粗糙度值及磨削力,获得较好的表面质量.此外,砂轮线速度和磨削深度对其表面粗糙度值没有显著影响,且变化没有明显规律;而工件速度对表面粗糙度值存在一定的影响,表面粗糙度值随着工件进给速度的提高而增加,即表面加工质量有下降的趋势;ELID高速磨削工艺中的各类磨削参数均对氮化硅陶瓷的磨削力产生重大影响:磨削深度增加或工件速度的加快,都使磨削力变大;砂轮线速度的增加则导致磨削力下降.     

解钾微生物K3与K4的分离及特性研究

用无氮培养基从土壤中选出2株菌种,然后对菌种进行分离、鉴定以及对解钾能力进行测定。结果表明：对不同地区及生物肥料样品进行稀释倒皿后,只有少数样品中分离到解钾菌株。该菌通过革兰氏染色实验、过氧化氢酶实验、硝酸盐还原实验、淀粉水解实验和V.P.实验等初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌。该菌解钾效果随时间的延长菌浓度逐渐增加,但pH变化不明显。     

宁杂棉3号在沿海地区的适应性及简约高产栽培技术

本试验通过核心区、辐射区及试验区产量分析,总结了宁杂棉3号在沿海地区的丰产适应性.在核心区和辐射区较高水平的投入条件下,宁杂棉3号均比平均水平高产,增产分别达到41.5%和10.3%,显示了较大的增产潜力.研究提出适宜沿海棉区的简约高产高效栽培技术对于宁杂棉3号的推广应用具有指导意义.     

基于PDCA的本科教学质量保障“一二三四五”模式探索——以安徽建筑大学为例

新时代全国高等学校本科教育工作会议加快了建设我国高水平本科教育的步伐。实施全面振兴本科教育攻坚行动，进一步强化高校教学质量建设的主体地位和主体责任，人才培养质量愈加成为学校办学声誉的载体和生存发展的生命线。构建一种科学合理、切实可行的教学质量保障模式是提升高校人才培养质量、实施全面质量管理的有效途径。在审核评估推动下，安徽建筑大学借鉴PDCA循环理论，聚焦影响教学过程质量的关键核心要素，结合学校自身特点和实际，形成一个主题、两个结合、三层监控、四个控点、五维评价的质量保障模式，并在教学实践中取得良好成效。     

Comparative genetic mapping revealed powdery mildew resistance gene MlWE4 derived from wild emmer is located in same genomic region of Pm36 and Ml3D232 on chromosome 5BL

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating wheat diseases. Wild emmer wheat(Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is a promising source of disease resistance for wheat. A powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09, originating from wild emmer wheat, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line WE4 through crossing and backcrossing. Genetic analyses indicated that the powdery mildew resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated Ml WE4. By mean of comparative genomics and bulked segregant analysis, a genetic linkage map of Ml WE4 was constructed, and Ml WE4 was mapped on the distal region of chromosome arm 5BL. Comparative genetic linkage maps showed that genes Ml WE4, Pm36 and Ml3D232 were co-segregated with markers XBD37670 and XBD37680, indicating they are likely the same gene or alleles in the same locus. The co-segregated markers provide a starting point for chromosome landing and map-based cloning of Ml WE4, Pm36 and Ml3D232.     

基于ZigBee和3G/4G技术的分布式果园远程环境监控系统的设计

在现有温室智能监控系统的基础上,结合ZigBee技术、3G/4G通信技术、嵌入式监控主机技术,设计了一套分布式果园远程环境监控系统.基于单片机CC2530设计了一体化传感器采集节点和物联网网关,并阐述了其硬件和软件的设计原理.结果表明:远程管理中心配置的嵌入式监控主机可分布式管理果园群站点,实现远距离数据传输、分析、存储等功能;在安装调试过程中,该系统性能稳定、能耗低、功能较全面,并在数据的采集与传输以及整体管理方面达到了预定的设计要求.