仙居鸡染色体G带和Ag-NORs的研究

运用改进的鸡外周血淋巴细胞培养——空气干燥法，分析了仙居鸡染色体G带和Ag—NORs。G带研究结果表明：前10对大型染色体可分为30个区，144条带，同时对G带带型特征进行了具体描述，并绘制了G带模式图。Ag—NORs处理发现：仙居鸡的Ag—NORs常分布于1p、3p、4p、Zp、2q上，均数为3．26，众数为3。不同个体间以及同一个体的不同细胞间。Ag—NORs数目存在多态性；此外研究还发现Ag—NORs联合现象。     

新疆产捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）染色体的研究

采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对分布在新疆哈巴河地区捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）种群的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明,捷蜥蜴的二倍体染色体数为38条,性别决定机制为ZW型,存在异型的性染色体,其中,雄性性染色体为ZZ型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZZ;雌性性染色体为ZW型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZW。捷蜥蜴的染色体除第18对和w染色体呈点状外,其余全部为端着丝点染色体。按照染色体的相对长度将18对常染色体分成3组,第1组包括第1、2、3对染色体（相对长度〉7．5％）,第2组包括第4—17对染色体和性染色体（7．5％〉相对长度〉2．0％）,第3组只有第18对染色体（相对长度〈2．O％）。除Z和w性染色体不同外,其余染色体的大小和类型均无两性差异。从组型特征来看,为蜥蜴目较原始的类型。     

经营田鼠染色体核型与G带分析

采用骨髓法制备经营田鼠染色体标本片,并对其染色体核型和G带进行分析。结果表明,经营田鼠体细胞染色体数为2n=38,雄性染色体核型由18对常染色体和1对异配型性染色体XY组成,雌性为18对常染色体和1对同配型性染色体XX组成。1～9号为端着丝粒（t）染色体（包括Y染色体）,10号为近端着丝粒（st）染色体,11～18号为中央着丝粒（m）染色体（包括X色体）。19对染色体共分布有370条G带（雄性365条）,其中深带190条,浅带180条。因此,经营田鼠的染色体数目、G带具有明显种的特征,与其他鼠类不同。     

二花脸猪的高分辨显带核型研究

采用MTX或TdR细胞同步化技术制备了早中期染色体,并应用G-,R-,C-,DA/DAPI显带和银染技术,研究了二花脸猪的高分辨显带核型,其主要结果如下:1.G-带和R-带带型与其它家猪的带型相似,但C-带和Ag-NORs存在多态性;2.Ag-NOR定位于No.7和No.10染色体上;3,DA/DAPI带与端着丝粒染色体C-带相对应。此外,绘制了G带核型模式图,并讨论了染色体的分组及排列、G带带型的一致性、着丝粒异染色质的异质性和Ag-NOR频率与品种的关系。     

家猪染色体420条带的G带模式图

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及GTG、QFH显带法,对八眉、关中黑、巴克夏和杜洛克猪的G、Q带带型作了详细研究。将家猪显带染色体划分为63个区,分别绘制了300、420条带的G带模式图。     

Preliminary analysis of genomic abnormalities in canine meningiomas

Cytogenetic detection of unbalanced genomic aberrations in tumours is a strategy for the identification of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. When considered in concert with clinical data, the approach also represents a means of identifying markers of prognosis. In a preliminary investigation of the molecular basis of canine meningioma tumorigenesis, we profiled three tumours by comparative genomic hybridization. Distinct patterns of sub-chromosomal deletions were identified suggesting alternative mechanisms of tumour initiation. The deleted chromosomal segments encompass two regions (10q23.1 and 17q22-q23) that are syntenic to the chromosomes (22 and 1p) most often deleted in human meningiomas. A number of genes associated with DNA repair, cell cycle progression and apoptosis are located on both the deleted canine chromosomal segments and the syntenic regions deleted in human meningiomas. This study represents the first report of chromosomal copy number abnormalities in non-cultured canine brain tumour tissue.     

The karyotype and character of chromosome bands in mountain sheep in Czechoslovakia

Thirty-one moufflon (Ovis musimon) coming from eight localities in Bohemia and Moravia were examined. All animals had a diploid number of chromosomes without any numerical or structural aberrations from the standard set. On the basis of G-banding, all chromosomes were arranged into homologous pairs. C-banding was used to prove the localization of constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of the majority of chromosomes. Nucleolus organizers, demonstrated by means of A-staining, were located telometrically on the chromosomes in three big two-arm pairs and two acrocentric pairs. The number of active nucleolus organizers in individual cells ranged from 2 to 7. When these results were compared with the published data on the karyotype of sheep, the two forms were found to have much in common. It can be supposed that the karyotypes of moufflon and domestic sheep differ in the frequency of the occurrence of Ag-positive sections with nucleolus organizers.     

Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids

The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs. The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production is stressed.     

藏獒染色体核型分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和常规染色体分析技术,对青海省藏獒的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明：藏獒二倍体染色体数目为2n=78,NF=80,按形态可分为39对,除性染色体X和Y为中着丝粒（M）染色体外,其它38对常染色体均为端着丝粒（T）染色体。     

The cloning and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in normal canine lymph nodes and in canine lymphoma

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), are known to be important in cancer. The purposes of this study were to determine the cDNA sequence of canine MMP-2 and to investigate the expression patterns of MMP-2 and TIMP2 in normal canine lymph nodes and spontaneously arising canine lymphomas. We cloned and sequenced a PCR product containing most (1901 base pairs) of the coding sequence of canine MMP-2 that translates into a 623 amino acid protein. The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous to those of other mammalian species. Canine MMP-2 and TIMP2 mRNAs were detectable in the majority of normal lymph node and lymphomatous samples evaluated. No statistical difference was identified when comparing the expression of either gene with regard to normal versus neoplastic nodes, nodal versus extranodal lymphoma, lymphoma grade, or B versus T cell immunophenotype.     

CD20 expression in normal canine B cells and in canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma

We examined the expression of CD20 in normal canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells, normal canine spleen, and canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) to determine the feasibility of using this antigen as a diagnostic aid and as a possible target for therapy. An antibody generated against a C-terminal (intracytoplasmic) epitope of human CD20 recognized proteins of 32-36 kd in normal and malignant canine lymphocytes. This antibody showed restricted membrane binding in a subset of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, in the B-cell regions from a normal canine spleen and lymph node, and in malignant cells from 19 dogs with B-cell NHL, but not from 15 dogs with T-cell NHL. The patterns of CD20 reactivity in these samples overlapped those seen using an antibody that recognizes canine CD79a. This anti-CD20 antibody is therefore suitable as an aid to phenotype canine NHL. In contrast, normal canine B cells were not recognized by any of 28 antibodies directed against the extracellular domains of human CD20 (including the chimeric mouse-human antibody Rituximab) or by any of 12 antibodies directed against the extracellular domains of mouse CD20. Thus, the use of CD20 as a therapeutic target will require the generation of specific antibodies against the extracellular domains of canine CD20.     

Characterization and applications of an expanded canine BAC library with fourfold genome coverage

An existing canine genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was expanded by adding 115 200 clones with insert lengths not yet represented or under‐represented. The final version of the library consists of 211 968 clones with an estimated average insert size of 110 000 base pairs. Clones were grown individually and glycerol permanents were arrayed in 2208 96‐well microtitre plates. DNA of each clone was prepared by microwave treatment and organized in a three‐dimensional DNA pooling system (92 superpools) allowing for rapid screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Screening of the library for 111 microsatellite loci representing all canine chromosomes revealed a recovery rate of 93% and a fourfold genome coverage. In addition, 50 BAC clones containing microsatellites or genes related to ongoing projects in the laboratories of the authors and eight other research groups were successfully recovered. The present library is the first canine BAC library amenable to PCR screening and is an invaluable tool for cloning candidate loci and developing genetic markers in specific chromosomal regions. This library will also enhance mapping efforts in related canid species and is an important source for geneticists studying inherited diseases common to both dog and humans. Interested researchers can access the library following the instructions at http://www.dogmap.ch .     

The distribution of C-bands in canine transmissible venereal tumor cells

Colchicine-arrested metaphase preparations, derived from canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) cells grown in culture, were characterized based on the occurrence and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. Analysis of the data with regard to the distribution of C-bands in the pericentric, interstitial and telomeric segments revealed a nonrandom distribution along the arms of many chromosomes with the bulk of the bands occurring in the centromeric region. The frequency of C-banded regions differed from those reported for normal dog cells and both primary and transplanted tumors. These results suggest that similar nondifferentially-stained TVT karyotypes do not necessarily exhibit identical distribution of constitutive heterochromatin.     

松辽黑猪染色体组型及显带的研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法以及C-显带和G-显带技术,对松辽黑猪进行了染色体组型分析及显带研究,并分析了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。结果表明,松辽黑猪的染色体数目为2n=38,公猪为3:8,XY;母猪为3:8,XX。松辽黑猪的C-带具有多态性,G-带带型与其他家猪相比没有明显差异。     

Use of immunocytochemical techniques in canine melanoma

The staining patterns of the monoclonal antibodies S-100 and Melan-A in canine melanoma were assessed based on cytological specimens of six canine melanomas (four benign, two malignant). In addition, eight regional lymph nodes of the two dogs with malignant melanomas were stained using these markers. For reference, all specimens were also evaluated immunohistochemically using S-100 and Melan-A. To assess the immunocytochemical specificity of both antibodies, various canine tumours and normal tissues were stained. The immunocytochemical staining results of the canine melanomas and the regional lymph nodes showed high conformity with the immunohistochemical reactivity patterns for S-100 and Melan-A. The specificity of Melan-A was higher compared with S-100. Melan-A, in particular, may be helpful for the cytological diagnosis of canine melanoma.     

隐性白羽肉鸡(农大系)的染色体核型和G-带分析

本文运用鸡胚成纤维细胞系制备染色体和G显带技术,对隐性白羽肉鸡的染色体核型和G带带型进行了研究。结果表明:其二倍体染色体数目2n=78,性染色体组成为ZZ(公)和ZW(母)。根据着丝粒位置,1号,8号,Z和W为中着丝粒染色体;2号和7号为近中着丝粒染色体;4号为近端着丝粒染色体;而3,5,6,9,10,11和12号均为端着丝粒染色体,而另26对染色体为无法辨别的点状染色体。研究分析了前12对常染色体和性染色体的G带带型,并绘制了包含165条带(其中75条阳性带)的G-带模式图。     

Glycated hemoglobin fractions in normal and diabetic dogs measured by high performance liquid chromatography.

We established a new analytical condition to measure the canine glycated hemoglobin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using cation exchange column. The canine hemoglobin gave five peaks consisting of 2 major and 3 minor hemoglobin fractions such as HbA1a, HbA1b and HbA1c. Measurement was done in 38 clinically normal dogs and 10 diabetic dogs. Mean HbA1c values (% of total Hb) in normal and diabetic dogs were 2.60 and 6.41%, respectively. And mean HbA1 values were 3.58 and 7.41%, respectively. The mean values of the canine HbA1c and HbA1 in diabetic dogs was higher than those in normal dogs, significantly (p less than 0.01). Advantages of the HPLC method and applicability for monitoring effectiveness of insulin therapy in the canine diabetes mellitus are discussed.     

PTEN 基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达及临床意义

有关酪氨酸磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosometen,PTEN）在乳腺肿瘤中的检测在人医早有报道。为了研究PTEN基因在犬乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达情况,笔者运用实时荧光PCR定量检测了38例不同的犬乳腺肿瘤组织（包括15例良性乳腺肿瘤和23例恶性乳腺肿瘤）、4例正常犬乳腺组织。结果发现：PTEN基因在犬恶性乳腺肿瘤组织中表达量明显低于其在良性乳腺肿瘤和正常乳腺组织中的表达量,两者差异极显著（P〈0.001）;PTEN在良性乳腺肿瘤组织中的表达与正常犬乳腺组织相比,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;发生了淋巴结转移的乳腺癌PTEN基因的表达量与未发生转移的乳腺癌组织的表达量间差异亦不显著（P〉0.05）,且PTEN的表达量与肿瘤组织的大小和发病动物年龄无关。结论：PTEN蛋白表达异常可能与乳腺肿瘤发生、发展相关,可考虑作为判断犬乳腺肿瘤生物学行为和预测的指标。