尾巨桉锯末基质化腐熟处理及对桉树育苗效果影响的研究

本文采用鸡粪作为氮源,EM菌、酵素菌、发酵菌作为微生物菌剂研究了尾巨桉锯末腐熟发酵的效果,并进行育苗试验进行验证。结果表明：EM菌、酵素菌、发酵菌均可促进锯末腐熟的进行,腐熟时间为70 d左右。腐熟锯末纤维素分解率大于40%,C/N比小于10：1,有机质含量分解率高于35%。腐熟后的几种锯末基质,从升温、基质理化性质及育苗效果看,EM菌效果最好,堆体体积超过5 m3时EM菌剂添加量可为堆体干重的0.1%~0.2%。     

桉树皮基质化腐熟理化性质变化的研究

以桉树皮为材料,通过添加不同氮源和微生物菌剂进行基质化腐熟处理,研究不同处理桉树皮腐熟过程中理化性质的变化。结果表明:添加有机氮源比无机氮源的处理升温快,能更好的促进腐熟进程;随着腐熟的进行,各处理的容重略有增加,孔隙性呈减小趋势,通透性得到改善;pH值呈增大趋势,EC值、CEC值和C/N值呈减小趋势,桉树皮基质缓冲协调性能得到改良;氮源和菌剂对腐熟各指标影响差异均显著,添加鸡粪和酵素菌剂的处理对腐熟效果较好,可作为桉树皮腐熟理想的添加氮源和菌剂。     

凋落物发酵研究

为促进林区大量凋落物的有效利用,加强轻型育苗基质经济型、环保型发展,采用凋落物为主料,鸡粪、米糠、菌剂为辅料,以不同体积比混合进行发酵基质研究。结果表明:同时添加鸡粪、米糠和发酵菌剂2对基质温度、胡敏酸E4/E6值、碳氮比(C/N)影响明显,能有效缩短发酵时间,加快凋落物腐熟速度;添加发酵菌1与不添加菌剂差异不明显。因此,凋落物添加鸡粪、米糠、发酵菌剂2(体积比为60∶2.5∶1∶0.5)的腐熟效果最优,符合基质育苗要求。     

园林废弃物堆肥产品对鸡冠花生长的影响

文章采用园林废弃物堆肥产品和园土按不同比例配制盆栽培养土,探讨其对鸡冠花生长的影响,以寻找园林废弃物堆肥产品作为花卉栽培基质的最佳用量。研究得出,适当比例的园林废弃物堆肥产品的添加可明显促进鸡冠花植株的生长,加强其观赏品质,但过量添加也可明显抑制其生长。本试验条件下,处理2(园土∶园林废弃物堆肥产品=3∶1)是鸡冠花的最优基质,可在鸡冠花栽培上的使用。     

狮头鹅粪便的堆肥化技术应用研究

采用静态堆肥方式,探讨了添加微生物菌剂对狮头鹅粪、少量鸡粪混合堆肥的效果,比较了对堆肥过程中温度、含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾及黑麦草种子发芽指数等参数变化,明确微生物菌剂对堆肥过程及产品质量的影响。结果表明：添加微生物菌剂的试验组堆肥产品总养分含量比没有添加菌剂的对照组高,达到了3.54%,更比某商品有机肥高。其中添加微生物菌剂的试验组堆肥温度最高达到43℃,且温度维持40℃以上的时间长达12d,堆肥产品总养分含量提高了73.5%,有机质含量、酸碱度、黑麦草种子发芽率等指标均达到了《有机肥料》(NY/T 525-2021)标准。这说明了添加微生物菌剂能够提高狮头鹅粪与鸡粪混合堆肥效果。     

油茶低产林改造剩余物的发酵堆肥技术

【目的】提高油茶低产林改造剩余物的利用率,减少剩余物不恰当处理对环境造成的污染,同时找到代替泥炭的轻基质材料以减少育苗成本。【方法】以尿素、发酵鸡粪、复合肥为氮源,以EM菌、酵素菌、强兴发酵菌剂为微生物发酵菌剂,将碳氮质量比调整至25∶1、30∶1、35∶1,共设计9个配方处理,通过发酵罐发酵和罐外后熟过程,腐熟油茶低产林改造剩余物,研究适合油茶低产林改造剩余物发酵堆肥的氮源、菌剂、碳氮比,使发酵后的低改剩余物达到轻基质的要求。【结果】完成发酵后,处理A物料的碳氮质量比下降至19.85∶1,达到生物有机肥腐熟的要求(碳氮质量比小于20);处理A和处理B的物料基本能符合林木轻基质无纺布容器育苗标准(基质容重0.2～0.5 g/cm³,总孔隙度大于60%,通气孔隙度15%～30%,持水孔隙度45%～60%),其余处理的物料可与保水性能强、通气孔隙度大的基质混配,完善其物理性质。改造剩余物发酵过程中,氮源对物料理化性质的变化起着主要作用,氮源中尿素对物料理化性质的影响最显著,其次是复合肥,最后是发酵鸡粪,而菌剂和碳氮质量比对物料理化性质的影响不显著。当碳氮质量比调整至2...     

笋壳微生物腐熟肥料利用的研究

本文研究了水煮笋加工废弃物笋壳接种微生物菌剂进行堆肥化处理的效果,并以笋壳腐熟产物作为有机肥进行蔬菜育苗试验。结果表明,利用微生物发酵菌剂可以大大加速笋壳堆肥腐熟的进程,添加发酵助剂有利于发酵菌剂作用的进一步发挥,实现笋壳快速腐熟。笋壳有机肥对青菜和番茄的生长有良好的作用,当笋壳有机肥用量体积比为40%时,蔬菜幼苗长势最佳。     

不同有机肥基质对盆栽蓝莓生长和产果量的影响

分析不同有机肥基质对盆栽蓝莓生长和产果量影响的结果表明:在分别添加了5%腐熟鸡粪、沼渣、黄腐酸钾型豆粕的基质中盆栽蓝莓苗,其苗高、地径、冠幅的生长量,以及单株开花数量、果径、单株产果量之间均达到极显著差异,添加了腐熟鸡粪的有机肥基质促生效果最好。     

稻壳基质化腐熟处理微生物菌剂添加量的研究

以稻壳为研究对象,采用单因素试验设计,菌剂添加量为稻壳干物质重量的1%、2%、3%、5%、7%、9%,对稻壳基质化腐熟处理微生物菌剂最适添加量进行研究。结果表明:添加微生物菌剂越多,物料堆体温度达到最高温度的速度越快,但维持的高温时间较短,添加1%菌剂稻壳达到温度最高,为52℃,且高温过程维持时间较长;菌剂不同添加量对稻壳有机质含量、C/N比影响不大,均达到腐熟标准;从基质理化性质、育苗效果及生产成本综合考虑,添加干物质量1%菌剂腐熟效果最好,大规模生产中添加量可减少。     

不同腐熟剂对烟末-腐殖土联合堆肥进程的影响

以废弃烟末和腐殖土为主要原料进行高温堆肥试验,在添加不同有机物料腐熟剂的条件下,采用好氧人工翻堆方式,研究了烟末+腐殖土高温堆肥进程中有机碳、全氮、C/N和T值〔(初始C/N)/(堆肥后C/N)〕的变化规律。结果表明,堆肥33天后,添加BYM菌和VT菌的堆料中有机碳的下降率比不添加腐熟剂的分别提高了49.72%、26.41%;与堆肥前相比,不添加腐熟剂的全氮含量降低了10.50%,而添加BYM菌和VT菌全氮含量增加了27.69%、43.84%,添加腐熟剂处理的C/N值小于20、T值小于0.6,达到完全腐熟。由此可得出,添加腐熟剂加快了烟末-腐殖土联合堆肥过程中有机碳的下降速度和比例,增加了全氮含量,降低了腐熟后堆料的C/N和T值。     

Are composts from shredded leafy branches of fast-growing forest species suitable as nursery growing media in arid regions?

The morpho-physiological quality of seedlings is negatively affected by the wide scale use of forest soils as substrates in developing countries. With the objective of finding long-term sustainable supply of growing media, compost was produced from shredded branches of three fast growing species (Acacia cyanophylla (AA), Acacia cyclops (AS) and Eucalyptus gomphocephala (EG). The composting process covered three different periods over the course of a year. Pile temperatures were monitored daily and the composts were routinely sampled and analyzed for 19 chemical variables. Although composting is feasible year-round in arid climates, compost produced in the humid cool conditions of autumn, winter and early spring reaches the maturation phase more quickly than compost produced under hot, dry summer conditions. It also requires less turning and water. The evolution of the composting process and quality of the final product can be assessed using three chemical variables (C/N, pH, EC). Seed germination rates in the three types of compost were similar to that in a peat:vermiculite substrate and vigorous high quality seedlings were produced in the two acacia composts. However, compost-grown seedlings had significantly smaller shoots and root systems than those produced in peat substrate. Principal components analyses showed that the quality of a compost-based substrate is reproducible and that its final chemical composition can be predicted from its raw organic materials. The EG composts had higher pH than the acacia composts, whereas the AA and EG composts were higher in mineral salts than the AS.     

施用污泥堆肥对旱荷花生长和土壤环境的影响

以金华市某污水处理厂污泥为研究对象,研究污泥堆肥对旱荷花生长及土壤环境影响。结果表明,污泥土地利用提高了土壤中N、P及有机质含量,土壤理化性质有明显改善,但同时也增加了土壤中Cd元素的含量,不同处理土壤Cd含量比对照增加了12．95％．154．48％,土壤Pb、Cu、Zn含量变化甚微;长期施用该污泥堆肥,不会造成Pb、Cu、Zn对园林植物的毒害。且污泥堆肥不同处理的效果不同,污泥堆肥70%＋园土20％＋炉渣10％的处理4,旱荷花的开花时间提前,花期延长,开花量增加,施用效果最好。     

Ectomycorrhiza formation and growth of Picea abies seedlings inoculated with alginate-bead fungal inoculum in peat and bark compost substrates

Sphagnum peat (peat), spruce bark compost (compost), peat +perlite (1 : 1, v : v) and compost + perlite (1 : 1, v : v)substrates were inoculated with vegetative alginate-bead inoculumof Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Hygrophorus agathosmus or Paxillusinvolutus or left uninoculated prior to the addition of Norwayspruce seed. Growth and percentage of mycorrhization of barerootseedlings cultivated in a greenhouse were evaluated after thefirst growing season. Seedlings grown in peat-based substrateshad significantly larger aboveground and total dry weight, butsignificantly lower mycorrhization percentage than those grownin compost-based substrates. There were no significant differencesbetween fungal treatments (including control) for both the percentageof mycorrhization and growth of seedlings. The artificiallyintroduced fungi were not efficient in mycorrhizal formation– naturally occurring fungi were common in all treatments.However, a significant interaction between substrate and fungustreatments in root dry weight was detected. Hebeloma-inoculatedseedlings grown in peat showed the highest value of root dryweight. This fact indicates other possible effects of the fungion root growth independent of mycorrhization. Growth parameterswere negatively correlated with the extent of mycorrhization,indicating allocation of host photosynthates to the fungi. Tothe best of our knowledge, operational inoculation of Norwayspruce seedlings with the test fungi has not been reported previously.     

不同配方下甘蔗渣堆肥腐熟进程“C/N比值”变化特征

试验通过对不同配方甘蔗渣堆肥腐熟进程的"C/N比值"变化特征分析及堆肥后的基质的理化性状的测定,筛选出适宜的育苗基质配方。结果表明:基质配方6#、7#在理论上最为理想,即以地面堆沤方式,粪肥占堆体积的10%或者每立方米加入1 kg尿素,C/N比值在15～20,且能满足育苗需要的理化性质要求。理想配方的容重在0.5～0.8 g/ml范围内,总孔隙度70%～90%,持水孔隙度不低于50%。     

不同基质对大叶桂樱（Laurocerasuszippeliana）大容器苗抽梢和生长的影响

对3种不同的混合基质对大叶桂樱Laurocerasuszippeliana大容器苗抽梢和生长产生的影响进行试验,结果表明：“30％塘泥＋40％椰康＋30％蘑菇渣”这种配方的理化学性质比较稳定,其有机质以及氮、磷和钾的含量也都较高,能更好地促进大叶桂樱的抽梢和生长,是较为理想的大容器栽培基质。     

水葫芦在海南食用菌生产上的应用

简要阐述了水葫芦的形态生理特征,其在海南的危害成因及现状,分析目前水葫芦用于食用菌栽培研究现状,通过以水葫芦为栽培原料进行红平菇栽培试验研究,结果表明红平菇在50％、100％的水葫芦培养基质中均能生长,其子实体中铅汞含量均低于国家标准,符合食用菌生产栽培.     

Growth response, phosphorus content and root colonization of Polylepis australis Bitt. seedlings inoculated with different soil types

Polylepis forests are one of the most endangered high mountain ecosystems of South America and reforestation with native Polylepis species has been highly recommended. Greenhouse bioassays were set up to determine the influence of three different soils on growth and phosphorous nutrition of Polylepis australis seedlings. Soils were collected from a grassland, a rare mature forest and a forest degraded due to repeated fires. We identified the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in the three soils and after 12 months we harvested the seedlings to evaluate root and shoot biomass, plant P content and root colonization by native AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE). The soil inocula contained 26 AMF morphospecies. Grassland inoculum showed the highest AMF richness, and mature forest showed a different AMF community assembly from grassland and degraded forest inocula. Root biomass and root colonization were highest in seedlings inoculated with mature forest soil, meanwhile shoot biomass and plant P content were similar between all treatments. AMF colonization correlated negatively with DSE and root biomass was negatively correlated with DSE colonization, thus these fungal symbionts could be competing for resources. Our results indicate that AMF inoculum from the mature forest stand has the potential to improve P. australis performance, probably due to the dominance of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae families. However, other soil microorganisms could be together with AMF in the natural inocula, affecting the growth response of P. australis seedlings. Future studies evaluating the effect of these inocula under field conditions should be carried out.     

Effects of compost additive in sphagnum peat growing medium on Norway spruce container seedlings

Sphagnum peat has been the most commonly used growing medium in containers in tree nurseries worldwide for its good growing properties. As a result of increasing costs and environmental incentives, seedling-growers are seeking more local growing medium components such as composts. Composts are, however, diverse products with varying chemical, physical, and hygienic properties and therefore require thorough testing before real-world use. In this study, a commonly used compost (raw materials: sewage sludge, biowaste, peat, wood chips) was tested for feasibility as a component (0–30 vol.%) of a sphagnum peat container medium for growing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) container seedlings in a forest-tree nursery. In proportions of up to 30% in peat, the compost additive used was shown to be a feasible material for seedling growing in forest nurseries. On average, the seedlings grew best in pure peat, but the compost additions to peat showed no marked reduction in seedling growth in greenhouses, nor were there any effect on seedling growth in the first summer after outplanting. However, a slightly elevated risk of seed non-germination and of seedling mortality was observed when the growing media contained compost in proportions of 20% or more. The compost additive in peat also changed the bulk density, structure, and chemical properties of the medium during nursery growing. The results suggest that seedling watering and fertilisation should be adjusted for each growing medium mix separately to achieve correct water, oxygen, and nutrient availability in containers during nursery growing.     

Nursery and field establishment techniques to improve seedling growth of three Costa Rican hardwoods

Seedlings of three economically important and ecologicallydifferent native hardwoods, Cordia alliodora (Boraginaceae),Hyeronima alchorneoides (Euphorbiaceae), and Calophyllumbrasiliense (Clusiaceae), were grown in Rootrainers® (abook-type container), paper pots, and plastic bags filled witheither soil, soil with fertilizer, or compost substrates. Aftertransplanting in the field, treatments with and withoutfertilizer and herbicide were applied to all nursery stock types.In the nursery, species responded primarily to substrate type.Cordia grew better in bags of soil with NPK fertilizer andcompost than in unamended soil, probably responding to highernitrogen availability. Despite large treatment differences atplanting, there were no significant differences in plant sizeafter one year in the field between book containers and bags. Theexception were stump plants that were shorter and had highermortality. Hyeronima grew better in compost than in soil with orwithout fertilizer, probably responding to higher phosphorusavailability and lower bulk density of the compost. Plantsproduced in compost were also bigger after one year's fieldgrowth. Plants produced with soil or in paper pots had highermortality. Calophyllum grew less in compost compared to soil andgrew better when micronutrients were added to the compost andsoil. In the field, seedling produced in soil or withmicronutrients had higher survival or growth, respectively. Ingeneral, species grew better with herbicide and fertilizerapplication after transplanting. However, there were nointeractions with nursery treatments. Responses to fieldtreatments were independent and thus additive to the nurserytreatments. Differences in species response can be related tobiomass allocation patterns and ecology of the species.     

铁皮石斛林下活体树捆绑栽培研究

了研究铁皮石斛(Dendrobium catenatum)林下仿野生栽培关键技术,梅州市林业科学研究所于2012年开始开展铁皮石斛林下活体树捆绑栽培试验研究,结果表明:铁皮石斛林下活体树捆绑栽培模式下的最佳基质为白水苔;基质紧贴铁皮石斛的最佳部位是茎根交接处;适宜铁皮石斛根系生长和植株地上部分生长的肥料分别为磷酸二氢钾、腐熟豆饼肥.