南疆栽培杏风味物质组成及其遗传多样性

采用气—质联用(GC - MS) 及毛细管电泳(CE) 技术对30个南疆栽培杏品种风味物质组分及其遗传多样性进行了研究, 并与4个华北栽培杏品种进行了比较。结果表明, ①在参试的30个南疆杏品种果实中共鉴定出包括酯类、醇类、醛类、酮类及杂环类等9类213种成分, 各品种挥发性化合物成分种类数、各类挥发性化合物种类数及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物分离比率与含量等存在广泛的遗传变异;②南疆杏醇类和杂环类化合物含量明显高于华北杏, 但酯类化合物含量明显低于华北杏; ③参试南疆杏果糖、葡萄糖与蔗糖以及苹果酸与柠檬酸含量的变异系数均在29%以上, 变异幅度广; ④南疆杏总糖含量(146.58 mg·g- 1 ) 是华北杏品种(65.73 mg·g- 1 ) 的2.23倍, 果糖平均含量(32.36 mg·g- 1 ) 是华北杏品种(4.12 mg·g- 1 ) 的7.85倍; 南疆杏属于苹果酸/柠檬酸优势型。     

不同辣椒材料果皮脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱技术对26 份辣椒材料果皮脂肪酸组成进行了研究,并与种子中脂肪酸组成进行了比较分析。结果表明：在供试的26 份辣椒材料果皮中共鉴定出9 种脂肪酸成分,分别为月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸和山嵛酸;辣椒果皮中主要脂肪酸组分是亚油酸、亚麻酸和棕榈酸,各脂肪酸组分含量在品种间存在明显差异,变异系数为8.16%～53.37%。与种子中脂肪酸组成含量比较分析结果表明：辣椒果皮中检测到月桂酸,且亚麻酸的平均含量相对较高;而种子中未检测到月桂酸,且亚油酸的平均含量约是果皮中的2 倍,说明脂肪酸的组成及含量在辣椒果实的不同部位存在一定差异。     

南疆栽培杏风味物质组成及其遗传多样性

采用气一质联用（GC-MS）及毛细管电泳（CE）技术对30个南疆栽培杏品种风味物质组分及其遗传多样性进行了研究,并与4个华北栽培杏品种进行了比较。结果表明,①在参试的30个南疆杏品种果实中共鉴定出包括酯类、醇类、     

不同配比羽叶决明培养料对鸡腿菇脂肪酸含量的影响

用不同配比的羽叶决明栽培料栽培鸡腿菇,测定其子实体中的脂肪酸含量,发现均含有肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和十四碳酸等6种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸含量最高,油酸含量差别较大。     

山楂叶片细胞膜磷脂和总脂脂肪酸的研究

对山楂属中7个种和9个品种的细胞膜脂质进行了分析比较,发现不同种和品种的磷脂中各组分的含量配比不同,总脂脂肪酸中各组分的含量配比也有差异。磷脂酰胆碱(PC)是主要的磷脂,含量最多,在脂肪酸中亚麻酸(C_(18:3))为主要的不饱和脂肪酸,其次为亚油酸(C_(18:2))和油酸(C_(18:1));饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(C_(16:0))为主。抗性强的野生山楂种比栽培种的脂肪酸不饱和系数(IUFA)高,起源于边缘地区、高寒地区的山楂种脂肪酸不饱和系数大,在山楂品种中,三倍体品种的脂肪酸不饱和系数大。     

油梨‘桂研10号’种子主要化学成分分析

采集广西南宁的油梨品种‘桂研10号’,检测其种子中含水量、灰分、粗脂肪、脂肪酸成分、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白质、总酚和总黄酮含量。结果表明,油梨种子含水量最高,其次是可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量。此外,粗脂肪、总酚和总黄酮含量也较高。种子中共含有22种脂肪酸成分,其中肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸为主要脂肪酸成分。棕榈酸相对含量最高,达到47.94%,其次为亚油酸,相对含量达到28.94%。种子中饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高,其次为多不饱和脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最低。通过分析油梨种子主要化学成分含量,为油梨种子中的化学成分在农业加工等行业的应用提供一定的参考依据。     

广东虫草脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

研究广东虫草(Cordyceps guangdongensis)的脂肪酸组成,为其药用性和食用性的深入研究奠定基础.利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对广东虫草的人工栽培子实体、液体发酵菌丝体和发酵菌液的脂肪酸组成进行测定分析.结果显示,广东虫草子实体的脂肪酸主要为亚油酸、油酸和棕榈酸,与传统中药冬虫夏草(C. sinensis)的脂肪酸组成基本一致;菌液脂肪酸中亚油酸含量达60%以上;而菌丝体脂肪酸以饱和脂肪酸为主,亚油酸含量相对较低,不足30%.     

美国扁桃油脂肪酸成分分析

以美国扁桃新品种为试材，采用GC－MS法对其种仁的脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果表明，美国扁桃主要脂肪酸组成为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸。含油酸量为60．57％～64．14％，含亚油酸量为24．90％28．38％，其他组分含量较少。含油酸量明显高于核桃油、花生油、大豆油、菜籽油、棕榈油，含亚油酸的量低于核桃油、花生油、大豆油，但高于菜籽油、棕桐油。     

四川牡丹部分野生居群种子脂肪酸组分比较

四川牡丹（Paeonia decomposita Hand.-Mazz.）结实量大,专性种子繁殖,具油用开发潜力。对7个不同野生居群的四川牡丹种子千粒质量、种仁出油率、籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行了测定,并探讨其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明：四川牡丹不同居群种子千粒质量平均为（311.65 ± 46.45）g,平均种仁出油率32.23% ± 1.96%,居群间差异显著（P < 0.05）;籽油中共检测到7种主要脂肪酸：棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生一烯酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量高达91.94% ~ 93.70%,亚麻酸相对含量高达40.45% ~ 47.68%,不同居群籽油脂肪酸组分相对含量存在差异;土壤有效钾含量与种子出油率呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,土壤有机质、全氮含量与亚油酸含量呈显著负相关（P < 0.05）,其他脂肪酸组分与土壤因子相关性不显著。     

庆阳核桃地方品种资源变异性及迁地保护研究

对庆阳20个核桃地方品种资源所结果实进行种仁营养成分检测,及坚果数量性状变异特征分析,有效评价庆阳核桃地方品种资源,并对7个优良核桃品种用于迁地保护研究.结果表明:庆阳20个核桃地方品种种仁蛋白质含量均达到国家特级标准(≥14％),脂肪酸组中亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量依次降低,4种矿物质钾、磷、镁、锌含量...     

Diversity in seed oil content and fatty acid composition in three tree peony species with potential as sources of omega-3 fatty acids

Tree peony (Paeonia sect. Moutan) has long been known as a horticultural and medicinal plant in China. Recent studies have shown that tree peony may have further potential applications in the field of edible oils. The selection and cultivation of acceptable varieties is a key issue. Seed from 21 genotypes belonging to P. ostii, P. rockii, and P. ludlowii were evaluated for their oil contents and fatty acid compositions. The results indicated that the average oil contents of P. ostii, P. rockii, and P. ludlowii were 28.05%, 30.52%, and 27.62% (w/w), respectively. Averaged over all genotypes, the major fatty acid components in the seed oils of all three species were the unsaturated fatty acids, linolenic [28.10–52.57% (w/w)], linoleic [14.19–23.92% (w/w)], and oleic [22.67–43.55% (w/w)] acids. Oil contents and fatty acid compositions varied significantly between species, as well as between genotypes within a species. This indicated that tree peony could become an important source of edible vegetable oils and a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. Germplasm collections will be important for future oil-rich tree peony breeding programmes.     

Seed Oil Quantity and Fatty Acid Composition of Different Sea Buckthorn (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae Rhamnoides</Emphasis> L.) Wild Populations in Iran

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a valuable multipurpose medicinal plant belonging to Elaeagnaceae family. In this study, oil content and fatty acid composition of seed oil from 20 sea buckthorn wild populations of Iran were evaluated in 2014 and 2015. Oil extraction was done using n-hexane solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus and then GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters was performed. The highest and lowest amount of seed oil content in two years were obtained from Sarein and Kejel populations, respectively (3.88 to 8.63% in 2014 and from 4.07 to 9.66% in 2015). Importance of seed oil is related to it’s highly amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Maximum content of oleic acid cis were existed in Kelavenga (21.19%) on 2014. The highest value of oleic acid trans were related to Shahrestanak (6.34%) in 2015. Maximum content of linoleic acid in 2014 were existed in Baladeh (42.03%) on 2015. The highest linolenic acid content were obtained from Dehdar (30.73%) in 2014. Factor analysis based on PCA revealed, first three components (PC1–PC3) explained 63.86% of the total variation. The first component (PC1) was contributed by some traits such as seed oil percentage, Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid trance and linoleic acid contents with about 29% of total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the populations into four main groups with high diversity. Wide range of variation across the sea buckthorn populations in seed oil traits could be exploited for selection of suitable genotypes to improvement and commercial exploitation of this plant.     

新疆栽培杏群体遗传结构的SSR分析

 利用11对SSR引物对喀什、和田和库车3个新疆栽培杏( Prunus armeniaca L. ) 品种亚群进行了分子系统学研究。结果表明: 各位点平均期望杂合度(He = 0.2364) 显示新疆栽培杏群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平。根据基因分化系数(Gst = 0.1508) 值, 新疆杏各品种亚群的遗传分化主要存在于亚群(84.9%) 内。基于Gst测得的基因流Nm 为2.3666, 人为通过种子引种可能是其基因交流的主要方式。根据果实形态和地理起源对新疆杏进行传统分类并不能完全反映出新疆杏品种间的亲缘关系。     

食用菌内源脂肪酸的研究

食用菌富含膳食纤维、矿物质、微量元素、维生素和多种氨基酸,是多功能理想食物。尽管食用菌脂类物质含量较低,但包含人类必需的不饱和脂肪酸,如亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等。通过对食用菌脂类物质研究成果进行总结,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸种类、含量及其开发利用,以期为食用菌的资源开发提供参考。     

Almond Oil Quality as Related to the Type of Pollen Source in Iranian Self Incompatible Cultivars

ABSTRACT

The effects of different pollen sources including five cultivated almond cultivars (Genco, Tuono, 15–5, Filip Ceo, and Supernova) on quantity and quality of chemical composition of two Iranian self-incompatible cultivars (Shahrood 12 and Shahrood 21) as well as self-pollination of these cultivars were investigated. Results showed a variation in oil content and fatty acid composition between two studied cultivars. The oil content was not affected by pollination treatments but the fatty acid composition of almond oil significantly was influenced by type of the pollen source. The most common unsaturated fatty acids found in the kernels of all treatments were oleic acid (68.72–88.26%) and linoleic acid (10.57–22.36%). The type of pollen source with modified oleic/linoleic acid ratio affected the oil quality. The highest oleic/linoleic acid ratio was obtained in Shahrood 12 (8.35%) and Sharood 21 (4.78%) cultivars, which pollinated with Filip Ceo and Supernova pollens, respectively.     

Characteristics of some almond kernel and oils

The proximate properties, the fatty acid and mineral contents of different almond kernel varieties were determined. The crude protein contents of kernels ranged between 12.7% (guara) and 16.3% (cristomorto). The oil yields from these kernels were established between 48.8% (cristomorto) and 55.7% (ferragnes). The acidity value of oils were found between 1.389 and 3.559%. In addition, peroxide values were established between 7.586 (nonpareil) and 15.590 mequiv./kg (cristomorto). The major fatty acids of almond kernel oils were oleic (72.5–79.9%), linoleic (13.5–19.8%) and palmitic acids (5.9–6.7%). The predominant mineral in most kernel was potassium (13.1–15.1 mg/100 g). The mineral contents of the kernels were established as 7.94–9.38 mg/100 g potassium, 2.9–4.0 mg/100 g magnesium and 1.84–2.94 mg/100 g calcium. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the kernels of almond varieties are being potential sources of valuable oil which might be used for edible and other industrial applications.     

桃果实采后脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化

 以‘湖景蜜露’桃果实为试材, 分析了果实后熟软化进程中的乙烯释放、脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性和细胞膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化, 探讨其与果实软化的关系。结果表明, 细胞脂脂肪酸组分主要有棕榈酸(16∶0) 、硬脂酸(18∶0) 、油酸(18∶1) 、亚油酸(18∶2) 和亚麻酸(18∶3) 。在果实采后20 ℃后熟过程中, 三种不饱和脂肪酸组分比例变化较大(尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸) , 而两种饱和脂肪酸的变化很小。在LOX 自我活化之前, 亚麻酸可能是LOX催化反应的主要底物。果实组织的后熟软化与LOX参与的细胞膜脂过氧化作用有关, 乙烯跃变可能是桃果实成熟启动后的伴随因子, 参与后熟软化进程。     

Fatty Acid and Non-Fatty Acid Components of the Seed Oil of Celastrus paniculatus willd.

The yield and chemical composition of the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus were determined by solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The yield of crude fatty oil was found to be 45.5% in the mature seeds on dry weight basis. Fourteen compounds, constituting 97.57% of the oil, were identified. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70.11%) followed by saturated fatty acids (25.2%). Oleic acid (54.42%), palmitic acid (20.0%), linoleic acid (15.51%), and stearic acid (4.18%) were the main fatty acids in the oil together with four other minor fatty acids. The current study identifies the novel compounds not previously reported in C. paniculatus oil, including 1,4-benzenediol (0.46%), cinnamic acid (0.15%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (0.03%), butylated hydroxytoluene (0.4%), and eudalene (0.16).