固态发酵设施与发酵蛋白饲料

近来年豆粕、鱼粉价格上涨,菜粕和一些非常规蛋白饲料逞下跌趋势。由于各种原因,作为优质蛋白饲料的豆粕、鱼粉,需求缺口将继续扩大,而大量的菜粕等非常规蛋白源却得不到充分利用,尽管目前研究出了抗毒与纯化毒性的添加剂,使菜粕在饲料中的用量可增加到15%,但它未从根本上提高菜粕的营养价值和适口性。所以对菜粕等蛋白资源进行深度开发,使之变为优质蛋白饲料有着广阔的发展前景。也是我国饲料工业“九五”发展重点之一,而生物发酵技术将起着重要作用。     

固态发酵对复合蛋白质饲料营养价值改善效果的研究

本文旨在研究同态发酵对复合蛋白质饲料(CPF)营养成分和养分利用效率的改善效果.将产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌接种到CPF后发酵3 d,干燥制得发酵复合蛋白质饲料(FCPF).在测定豆粕(SBM)、CPF、FCPF常规养分和氨基酸含量基础上进行消化代谢试验.选择体重为(24.36±1.78)kg的杜×长×大生长猪24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂无氮日粮和以SBM、CPF及FCPF作为唯一蛋白质源配制的半纯合日粮,采用无氮日粮法测定SBM、CPF和FCPF对生长猪的蛋白质、能量消化利用率以及氨基酸回肠消化率.预试期4 d,正试期4 d.结果表明:固态发酵极显著提高了FCPF的粗蛋白质、真蛋白质、钙和总磷含量(P<0.01);除精氨酸外,氨基酸含量均有所提高.与CPF相比,FCPF蛋白质消化利用率和能量消化率均极显著升高(P<0.01);氨基酸表观消化率显著或极显著的升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);除Gly以外,FCPF各氨基酸真消化率均显著或极显著的升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).FCPF大部分营养特性接近或优于SBM.由此可知,固态发酵可改善CPF的营养特性,提高其在20～50 kg生长猪上的养分消化利用率.     

复合益生菌固态发酵改善甘薯渣营养价值的研究

本试验旨在研究采用多种微生物混合固态发酵对甘薯渣营养价值的影响,并探讨其最佳发酵工艺参数。采用单因素试验设计,对4类菌种共12株菌种进行单菌发酵,从中筛选1株发酵效果最优菌株作为混菌发酵的主菌种,与其他3类菌株进行不同组合发酵,筛选最佳菌种组合。采用正交试验设计,考察发酵时间、发酵温度、料水比、接种量及菌种接种比例对甘薯渣营养价值影响。结果表明:1)在发酵温度38℃,发酵时间4.5 d,料水比1∶1.3,接种量1×106个/g,接种比例黑曲霉2∶里氏木霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌1∶酿酒酵母1=1∶1∶2∶1条件下发酵效果最好。2)在混菌发酵后,以干物质为基础,粗蛋白质含量从6.37%提高到9.75%;粗脂肪含量从2.71%提高到4.92%;发酵后还原糖含量达到8.22%,羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和淀粉酶活性分别为4.26、3.29、3.75和5.15 U/g DM。由此可见,农副产品甘薯渣经过微生物混菌固态发酵后可以有效改善其营养品质。     

固态发酵蛋白饲料工艺生产线的研究

应用固态发酵技术生产蛋白饲料、单细胞蛋白(SCP)和菌体蛋白(MBP),不仅可以提供大量优质的饲料蛋白源,而且还能开发出具特殊功能的饲料添加剂,如活性酵母、活菌制剂、益生素等微生物制品。随着畜牧业的发展,饲料的需求量越来越大。而饲料生产量,尤其是蛋白饲料的不足已经成为全球性问题。面对饲料资源严重短缺的局面,迫切需要开发新的蛋白饲料资源。在蛋白饲料开发利用中,国内外都很重视单细胞蛋白的研究,积极利用作物秸秆生产蛋白饲料,满足饲料业、养殖业的需求,缓解饲料供需矛盾,同时也能解决秸秆焚烧引起的环境污染问题。随着农业生物…     

固态发酵银杏叶生产蛋白饲料的研究

试验选择地衣芽孢杆菌作为发酵菌种,以粗蛋白含量为考查指标,通过L9(34)正交试验优化固态发酵银杏叶蛋白饲料工艺.结果显示,固态发酵银杏叶生产蛋白饲料的最佳工艺参数为接种量8％、含水量50％、发酵温度31℃、发酵时间84 h.经固态发酵后,银杏叶的粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪、总氨基酸含量分别提高102.16％、49.03％...     

多菌种固态发酵菊芋糟渣生产蛋白饲料的研究

对菊芋糟渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料进行了研究。试验采用马克斯克鲁维酵母、白地霉和产朊假丝酵母组合发酵生产蛋白饲料效果较好。单因素和正交试验优化的固态发酵培养条件为最适麸皮添加量10%,最适初始pH为5.5,加水比为1:1.7,尿素含量为2%,接种量为9%,在此条件下30℃培养5 d,粗蛋白含量达到32.09%,比培养基初始粗蛋白含量提高了超过90%。在此基础上,对固态发酵糟渣生产蛋白饲料进行了扩大试验,粗蛋白含量达到27.92%。     

康宁木霉固态发酵改善茶渣营养价值

本试验旨在研究康宁木霉固态发酵茶渣,提高茶渣营养价值,并筛选出最佳的发酵条件。用单因素试验优化发酵茶渣的基质比例（茶渣∶玉米粉=6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1）、料液比（3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3）、接种量（2%、4%、6%、8%、10%）、发酵温度（25、28、31、34、37 ℃）和发酵时间（0、2、4、6、8、10、14、22 d）。以基质比例、发酵温度、接种量和发酵时间为影响因素,进行L9（3⁴）正交试验确定茶渣最优发酵条件。测定各组发酵产物粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、还原糖、黄酮、皂苷和咖啡因含量,计算各组合的综合评分。确定最优条件后进行对比试验,比较了发酵前后茶渣的营养成分、活性物质和游离氨基酸含量。结果表明：1）单因素试验中,以下条件的综合评分最高：基质比例为7∶3,料液比为5∶5,接种量为8%,发酵温度为31 ℃,发酵时间为6 d。2）正交试验表明,康宁木霉发酵茶渣（料液比为5∶5）的最佳条件是：基质比例为7.0∶2.5,发酵温度为31 ℃,接种量为7%,发酵时间为6或7 d。3）与未发酵茶渣相比,最优条件下发酵茶渣的粗蛋白质、还原糖、黄酮、咖啡因、多种游离氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、风味氨基酸/总氨基酸均显著提高（P<0.05）,皂苷含量显著降低（P<0.001）,粗脂肪含量与未发酵茶渣无显著差异（P>0.05）。发酵6和7 d的茶渣营养成分和活性物质含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。由此可见,康宁木霉发酵茶渣能够改善茶渣的营养价值。     

不同菌种组合对固态发酵黄酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究

试验探讨了不同菌种组合及其发酵工艺对固态发酵黄酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究。选用黑曲霉(H)、康氏木霉(K)、米曲霉(M)、白地霉(B)、热带假丝酵母(R)、绿色木霉(L)对黄酒糟进行双菌和三菌组合固态发酵试验,三菌组合发酵效果优于双菌组合,其中RLM组合发酵产物的氨基酸总量达24.94%,胱氨酸、蛋氨酸含量显著高于其他组合(P<0.05)。通过L(934)正交试验优化发酵工艺,结果表明:在30℃、90%以上湿度的条件下,发酵时间48h不搅拌,不添加营养盐,菌种比例(R∶L∶M)为2∶1∶1。本试验结果为开发利用黄酒糟提供了理论参考。     

微生物固态发酵马铃薯渣生产蛋白饲料的研究进展

马铃薯渣是马铃薯淀粉生产过程中产生的副产物。其含水量高、自带菌多,容易腐败变质,但含有丰富的纤维素、果胶、蛋白质等可利用成分。利用微生物固态发酵马铃薯渣生产蛋白饲料不仅可解决马铃薯渣排放对环境造成的污染,而且可以缓解蛋白质饲料资源短缺。文章就微生物固态发酵马铃薯渣生产蛋白质饲料的菌种选择、生产方式、应用效果、存在的问题及利用前景等做一综述。     

固态发酵复合蛋白对生长猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究固态发酵复合蛋白饲料对生长阉公猪生产性能的影响。复合蛋白原料组成为棉粕、菜粕和豆粕,固态发酵所选用的菌种为产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和猪源乳酸杆菌。将产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌接种到复合蛋白原料后发酵3d,干燥后制得固态发酵复合蛋白。在测定其常规养分含量基础上进行了生长试验。选择体重（27．70＋0。82）kg的PIC生长阉公猪12头,随机分配到2个处理组中,即发酵前复合蛋白组和发酵后复合蛋白组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期8d。试验结果表明,发酵后复合蛋白组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别比发酵前复合蛋白组提高7。4％和20。3％;同时发酵后复合蛋白组的料重比发酵前复合蛋白组降低6．3％。在生长猪日粮中添加12．04％固态发酵复合蛋白与添加13．34％的发酵前复合蛋白相比,可以提高其日采食量、日增重及饲料转化率。     

反刍动物蛋白质营养价值的评定方法研究

蛋白质是动物的必需营养素,对单胃动物而言,蛋白质营养实质上是氨基酸(小肽)营养;反刍动物由于具有瘤胃特殊消化生理结构和微生物消化方式,蛋白质营养更加复杂。蛋白质营养价值的评定方法是研究动物蛋白质营养的基础和前提,针对反刍动物消化生理特点,综述了尼龙袋技术、微生物标记技术、同位素法、嘌呤衍生物法和人工瘤胃等反刍动物蛋白质营养价值评定方法,这对于理论研究和实践生产具有一定参考与指导作用。     

复合真菌发酵对干玉米秸秆营养价值的影响

将玉米秸秆粉中加入10％小麦麸和适量的营养盐，调整其水分至70％，经由白地霉、近平滑假丝酵母、康宁木霉和绿色木霉组成的复合真菌，在30℃有氧条件下发酵3d、4d、9d、7d、14d，结果表明：复合真菌C在发酵7d、14d时，玉米秸秆饲料的粗蛋白质（CP）含量提高94．53％、106．19％（p〈0．05），纤维组分含量显著下降（P〈0．05）；秸秆饲料的干物质（DM）48h瘤胃消失率无显著差异，而处理14d的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）瘤胃消失率显著高于7d处理的结果（p〈0．05）；用复合真菌C处理7d的玉米秸秆饲料饲喂肉用生长鹅，其日增重提高20．76％（p〈0．05），料重比下降19．04％（p〈0．01）。     

In vitro Evaluation of Feed Aspergillus sulphureus Enzyme Compound Produced by in Solid-state Fermentation

ABSTRACT： Three trials were conducted to analyze a multi-enzyme compound produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in solid-state fermentation （SSF） as a po- tential feed additive. The results of the first trial showed that there were at least 5 non-starch polysac- charide enzymes： xylanase, 13-ghicanase, pectinase, mannase and carboxy methyl cellulase （CMCase） contained in the compound. Xylanase and fl-glucanase showed good activities at pH 2.5-7.0, which were in the range of 649-1046 U/g and 444-648 U/g, respec- tively. Pectinase showed good activity in acidic solu- tion （pH 2.5-3.0）,which ranged from 195 to 917 U/g. Mannase showed high activity of 235-298 U/g at pH 3.5-4.5 and the activity of CMCase was relatively constant at pH 2.5-7.0, which was in the range of 38.2-78.6 U/g. The second trial was aimed to test the stability of the enzymes in gastric liquor （pH 2.6） of finishing pigs and Na2 HPO4-gastric liquor （ pH 5.5 ）.After 6 h incubation at 40℃ in gastric liquor,the re- tained activity of xylanase, 13-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 26.3% ,65.0% ,71.0%, 74.8% and 85.6%, respectively. While after 6 h in- cubation at 40℃ in Na2I-IPO4-gastric liquor, the re- tained activity of xylanase, [3-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 87.9% ,91.1% ,92.3%, 95.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. The third trial was carried out in a jejunum liquor （ pH 5.8,200 mL）, which contained 0.2 g of the multi-enzyme compound and 10 g of soybean hull or wheat bran, respectively. After 8 h incubation at 40℃, 18.7% of soybean hull and 20.1% of wheat bran could be degraded to solu- ble saccharide, respectively. Compared with the tradi- tional methods for feed enzyme testing which involve feeding animals for 1-3 months, enzyme assay in this way was relatively convenient.     

In vitro Evaluation of Feed Enzyme Compound Produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in Solid-state Fermentation

Three trials were conducted to analyze a multi-enzyme compound produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in solid-state fermentation (SSF) as a potential feed additive.The results of the first trial showed that there were at least 5 non-starch polysaccharide enzymes:xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) contained in the compound.Xylanase and β-glucanase showed good activities at pH 2.5-7.0,which were in the range of 649-1046 U/g and 444-648 U/g,respectively.Pectinase showed good activity in acidic solution (pH 2.5-3.0),which ranged from 195 to 917 U/g.Mannase showed high activity of 235-298 U/g at pH 3.5-4.5 and the activity of CMCase was relatively constant at pH 2.5-7.0,which was in the range of 38.2-78.6 U/g.The second trial was aimed to test the stability of the enzymes in gastric liquor (pH 2.6) of finishing pigs and Na2HPO4-gastric liquor (pH 5.5).After 6 h incubation at 40℃ in gastric liquor,the retained activity of xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and CMCase was 26.3%,65.0%,71.0%,74.8% and 85.6%,respectively.While after 6 h incubation at 40℃ in Na2HPO4-gastric liquor,the retained activity of xylanase,β-glucanase,pectinase,mannase and CMCase was 87.9%,91.1%,92.3%,95.0%,and 97.5%,respectively.The third trial was carried out in a jejunum liquor (pH 5.8,200 mL),which contained 0.2 g of the multi-enzyme compound and 10 g of soybean hull or wheat bran,respectively.After 8 h incubation at 40℃,18.7% of soybean hull and 20.1% of wheat bran could be degraded to soluble saccharide,respectively.Compared with the traditional methods for feed enzyme testing which involve feeding animals for 1-3 months,enzyme assay in this way was relatively convenient.     

In vitro Evaluation of Feed Enzyme Compound Produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in Solid-state Fermentation

Three trials were conducted to analyze a multi-enzyme compound produced by Aspergillus sulphureus in solid-state fermentation (SSF) as a potential feed additive. The results of the first trial showed that there were at least 5 non-starch polysaccharide enzymes: xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and carboxy methyl cellulase (CMCase) contained in the compound. Xylanase and b-glucanase showed good activities at pH 2.5-7.0, which were in the range of 649-1046 U/g and 444-648 U/g, respectively. Pectinase showed good activity in acidic solution (pH 2.5-3.0), which ranged from 195 to 917 U/g. Mannase showed high activity of 235- 298 U/g at pH 3.5-4.5 and the activity of CMCase was relatively constant at pH 2.5-7.0, which was in the range of 38.2-78.6 U/g. The second trial was aimed to test the stability of the enzymes in gastric liquor (pH 2.6) of finishing pigs and Na₂HPO₄-gastric liquor (pH 5.5). After 6 h incubation at 40°C in gastric liquor, the retained activity of xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 26.3%, 65.0%, 71.0%, 74.8% and 85.6%, respectively. While after 6 h incubation at 40°C in Na₂HPO₄-gastric liquor, the retained activity of xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase, mannase and CMCase was 87.9%, 91.1%, 92.3%, 95.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. The third trial was carried out in a jejunum liquor (pH 5.8, 200mL), which contained 0.2 g of the multi-enzyme compound and 10 g of soybean hull or wheat bran, respectively. After 8 h incubation at 40°C, 18.7% of soybean hull and 20.1% of wheat bran could be degraded to soluble saccharide, respectively. Compared with the traditional methods for feed enzyme testing which involve feeding animals for 1-3 months, enzyme assay in this way was relatively convenient.     

不同处理对麻疯树籽仁粕蛋白质营养价值的影响

试验旨在研究不同处理对麻疯树籽仁粕（Jatropha curcas kernel meal,JCKM）蛋白质营养价值的影响。选择脱油后的JCKM为研究对象,对其分别进行干热、湿热、热化学和微生物发酵处理,通过测定其营养成分、蛋白质溶解度（PS）、粗蛋白质体外消化率（IVCPD）等指标,以未处理的JCKM为对照,评价不同处理对JCKM蛋白质营养价值的影响。结果显示：微生物发酵处理组粗蛋白质（CP）含量显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）;微生物发酵处理组粗纤维（CF）含量显著低于热化学处理组（P < 0.05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P > 0.05）;各处理组间钙（Ca）含量差异不显著（P > 0.05）;微生物发酵处理组总磷（TP）含量最高,显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。微生物发酵处理组Gly、Arg、Cys、Val、Ile含量高于其他组。干热处理、微生物发酵处理及对照组PS显著高于湿热处理和热化学处理组（P < 0.05）;微生物发酵处理组IVCPD显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。综上所述,微生物处理JCKM后CP含量升高,氨基酸组成较为均衡,是一种有效的处理方法。     

固态发酵复合蛋白质对猪肠道消化生理及养分消化率的影响研究

本研究旨在比较饲喂固态发酵(SSF)复合蛋白质与未固态发酵(NSSF)复合蛋白质对生长猪肠道消化生理及养分表观消化率的影响.选择(27.7±3.3)kg的PIC生长阉公猪18头,随机分配到3个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪,3个处理分别为基础饲粮组、NSSF组和SSF组.以玉米-豆粕型饲粮为基础饲粮,NSSF...     

饼粕发酵蛋白饲喂蛋鸡试验

将70%棉仁饼和30%菜籽饼混合发酵后制成饼粕发酵蛋白, 完全取代蛋鸡饲料配方中的豆饼或鱼粉进行蛋鸡饲喂试验。结果表明：在基础日粮中添加饼粕发酵蛋白分别替代豆饼和鱼粉后，平均产蛋率试验组比对照组分别降低了2.22%和2.21%，平均蛋重分别增加了2.31和2.03 g，投入产出比较对照组分别提高了3.6%和1.68%。     

不同加工方法对白酒糟营养价值和体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究不同加工方法对白酒糟营养价值和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响.以未处理白酒糟作为对照(CK组),按白酒糟的加工方式不同设4个试验组:黄孢原毛平革菌发酵白酒糟(发酵,F组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵粉碎白酒糟(粉碎+发酵,CF组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵氨化白酒糟(氨化+发酵,AF组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵粉碎、氨化白酒糟(粉碎...