Effect of ovary lipid of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on anxious behavior in rats

Ovary lipid of Skipjack tuna (OLS) (Katsuwonus pelamis) contains a high level of docosahexaenoic acid combined with phospholipids. In this study, we examined the effect of OLS in male Wistar rats given OLS mixed in feed (0.9%) for 42 days, using an animal model of anxiety, the elevated T-maze test. The avoidance latency at the 1st trial was significantly shorter in the OLS ingestion group than in the control group. Those at the 2nd and 3rd trials showed a similar tendency. There was almost no difference in escape latency at the 1st trial between the two groups but the escape latencies at the 2nd and 3rd trials tended to be longer in the OLS group. These results suggested that OLS inhibits anxious behavior in rats.     

Effect of ovary lipid from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on brain monoamines in rats

In our previous experiments with rats, ovary lipid from Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) (OLS) was shown to have a mitigating effect on anxiety and/or fear in elevated T-maze tests. This suggests that OLS has some effect on the central nervous system (CNS) of rats. Thus, we performed experiments to examine the status of CNS in rats given OLS. The effect of OLS on chronic stress was also examined at the same time. The feed for control rats used oil and fat that have the same energy percentages for n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the same n-6/n-3 ratio as OLS. As a result, rats given OLS for 28 days had lower serotonin levels in various brain areas regardless of stress application, showing that OLS affected the serotonin nervous system. From this, it was inferred that the ability of OLS to mitigate anxiety and/or fear resulted from its action on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system. Substances other than the essential fatty acids may have been responsible for the action of OLS on monoamines and the metabolites. The effect of OLS on CNS, especially the serotonin nervous system, suggests that OLS may suppress anxiety.     

Anti-anxiety effect of ovary lipid extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in rats

Using an elevated plus-maze test, we evaluated anxiety level in rats given ovary lipid extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis; OLS). The percentage of open time was significantly higher in rats given OLS than in rats in the control group, but lower than in rats given diazepam (1.0 mg/kg body weight). Based on this fact and findings about other indicators, this study showed that OLS does not have as fast-acting and strong an anti-anxiety effect as diazepam but that continuous ingestion of OLS causes an anti-anxiety effect in animals.     

Effect of transport stress on respiratory disease, serum antioxidant status, and serum concentrations of lipid peroxidation biomarkers in beef cattle

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of transportation stress on serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers of calves. ANIMALS: 105 crossbred beef steer calves (mean [+/-SD] body weight, 207 +/- 21.2 kg). PROCEDURE: Calves were assembled at 1 location in Tennessee, and pretransit (day -3) blood samples were collected. Calves were allotted randomly by body weight into 2 groups. Calves were transported 1,930 miles to a feedlot in Texas, and 1 group received tilmicosin phosphate (33 microg/kg, s.c.) upon arrival. Calves were weighed and blood samples collected on the day of arrival (day 1) and on days 15, 22, and 28. Calves were scored daily for signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TACA) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Transportation stress significantly decreased mean serum TACA concentrations (from 147 +/- 31.2 U/mL to 133 +/- 20.1 U/mL) and significantly increased serum MDA concentrations (from 10.9 +/- 18.3 microg/mL to 30.2 +/- 50.5 microg/mL). Calves that died had a 43% increase in serum MDA concentration on day 1, compared with calves that lived (42.2 +/- 67.0 microg/mL vs 29.4 +/- 49.4 microg/mL, respectively). Calves that had > or =3 episodes of BRD had 2-fold higher serum MDA concentrations on day 1 than healthy calves. Tilmicosin-treated calves had a 20.8% significantly greater average daily gain and significantly greater serum TACA concentration than nontreated calves on day 28. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Transportation stress increases serum concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers that are related to episodes of BRD and mortality in calves.     

Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of heat stress on fearfulness, leucocyte components, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in two commercial broiler strains, Cobb (C) and Ross (R). 2. At 36 and 37 d of age birds were exposed to 38 +/- 1 degree C for 3 h. Rectal temperatures, duration of tonic immobility (TI), haematocrit values, proportions of leucocyte components (heterophil, lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) of all the birds were determined, before and after heat treatment. 3. Rectal temperatures increased and haematocrit values decreased in birds exposed to heat stress. Heat stress caused a significant increase in heterophil/lymphocyte and in basophil ratios. 4. Exposing birds to heat stress increased duration of TI, suggesting heat-stressed birds tended to be more fearful. 5. Heat stress resulted in a significant Genotype x Treatment interaction for MDA concentration. CAT, SOD and GPx activities; MDA concentrations in heat-stressed R strain birds were greater than in heat-stressed C strain birds.     

急性免疫应激对肉仔鸡血液指标及肌肉脂质过氧化的影响

细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,简称LPS)是存在于革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁外膜中的致病成分。试验利用细菌脂多糖诱导急性免疫应激,研究短期注射不同剂量细菌脂多糖对肉仔鸡血液生化指标和肌肉脂质过氧化的影响。选择80只体重相近的21日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,其中3个试验组分别在21、23、25(选择3周龄的肉仔鸡连续3次隔天注射LPS引发急性免疫应激)日龄连续3次经腹腔注射LPS生理盐水稀释液,剂量为每千克体重250、500、1000μg,对照组注射等量生理盐水,试验期6d。在21、23日龄注射LPS3h后和25日龄注射LPS24h后(21、23日龄取血是检测注射LPS后3h血液指标的变化,在25日龄注射LPS24h后杀鸡测肉质指标时,也取血液测血液指标,观测血液指标随注射时间的变化趋势)取血液制备血浆、血清,测定血清细胞因子、血浆丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶的含量;26日龄取试鸡胸肌,测定丙二醛及超氧化物歧化酶含量。结果表明:①LPS刺激显著提高了血清中细胞因子的水平(P<0.05);②LPS刺激显著提高了血浆和胸肌中丙二醛的含量(P<0.05);③低剂量LPS刺激显著降低了血浆中超氧化物歧化酶的含量(P<0.05),而高剂量LPS刺激有显著提高血浆及胸肌中超氧化物歧化酶含量的趋势(P<0.05)。     

急性冷应激对大鼠肝脏miRNA的影响

将SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成冷应激组(4±0.05)℃和常温对照组(24±0.05)℃,再对2组大鼠肝脏中的6个miRNA进行qRT-PCR分析。结果显示:大鼠肝脏中6个miRNA的表达量均出现极显著差异(P0.01),说明急性冷刺激对大鼠肝脏中的miRNA表达量有极显著(P0.01)的影响,为今后的分子冷应激相关研究提供理论基础。     

T-2毒素对大鼠离体培养卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响

将未成熟的Wistar大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞进行原代培养,用不同浓度的T-2毒素染毒细胞24 h.染毒结束后,采用MTT法检测细胞相对活力,荧光染料Hoechst 33258检测卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡变化,RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bcl-2、Bax和P53 mRNA的表达.结果显示,随着T-2毒素染毒剂量的增加,颗粒细胞的细胞活力逐渐下降;而细胞凋亡率、Bcb2、Bax、P53 mRNA表达水平、Bax mRNA/Bcl-2 mRNA比值则逐渐上升;除1 nmol/L剂量组外,其余各剂量组与对照组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明,T-2毒素可显著抑制大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞活力,诱导颗粒细胞凋亡,并呈浓度依赖关系.     

施肥对无芒雀麦种子产量及产量组分的影响

以无芒雀麦为实验材料,经过2年研究观测,结果发现,施氮处理对无芒雀麦种子产量影响显著,秋季施氮135 kg/hm2、春季施氮90 kg/hm2时,种子产量最高达1 723.1 kg/hm2;无芒雀麦种子产量的首要影响因素是单位面积的生殖枝数,生殖枝主要由上年果后短营养枝转化,施氮对单位面积的生殖枝数影响显著,春季施氮增加每生殖枝的小穗数、每小穗的小花数、每小穗的种子数,同时也可以增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数;秋季施氮主要增加当年单位面积的果后短营养枝数,使第2年生殖枝数增加,其中秋季施氮135 kg/hm2,生殖枝数最多达728.3枝/m2.     

副交感神经对妊娠早期大鼠子宫组织胺和血清LIF水平的影响

为研究大鼠副交感神经对妊娠早期子宫内组织胺(HA)和血清白血病抑制因子(LIF)的影响,选取180~200日龄健康性成熟Wistar雌性大鼠20只,随机分为对照组和处理组,处理组采用腹腔注射阿托品阻断副交感神经,对照组腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水。结果表明:阿托品处理后妊娠5d子宫囊胚数量明显减少、囊胚发育延迟;妊娠6d虽然囊胚数量接近正常对照组数量,但胚胎凸起仍小于正常妊娠6d状态。子宫肥大细胞(MC)释放HA结果显示,阻断副交感神经激发MC释放的HA量显著高于正常状态,且与MC自发释放的HA变化趋势不同;正常对照组血清LIF含量的变化趋势是随着妊娠时间的增加而减少,而处理组出现相反的趋势。试验结果提示,在着床窗口期副交感神经通过对MC释放HA等介质调控子宫的生理功能,HA和LIF分泌规律紊乱对胚胎着床的影响更为显著,导致囊胚发育延迟,甚至丢失。     

热应激牛初乳对新生犊牛血清免疫指标的影响研究

新生犊牛通过初乳获得被动免疫,但是关于热应激对新生犊牛被动免疫的影响程度尚不清楚。本试验旨在研究热应激牛初乳对新生犊牛被动免疫是否有显著影响,并与非热应激生产条件下进行比较。试验动物为对应于采食热应激和非热应激母牛初乳的新生犊牛各4头,在其采食母牛初乳后的不同时间内采血用于免疫指标分析。结果表明:热应激奶牛哺乳犊牛血清中各成分含量在144h内均低于非热应激奶牛哺乳犊牛血清中相对应成分,其中IgG、T3、T(472h内)变化差异显著(P<0.05),INS和IGF-Ⅰ变化差异不显著(P>0.05),热应激在一定程度上影响新生犊牛被动免疫,有关机理有待于进一步研究。     

锌源和锌水平对断奶应激仔猪血清生化指标的影响

选用(26±2)日龄"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分成5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 2 000 mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮 3 000 mg/kg氧化锌和基础日粮 250 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮 500 mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14 d。断奶后于前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标水平。结果表明,高锌日粮能显著提高断奶应激仔猪体质量(AW)、平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI),降低料重比(F/G)和断奶后腹泻率。断奶后仔猪血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLOB)、总胆固醇(CHL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平显著或极显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),对照组仔猪血清尿素氮(SUN)含量在断奶后7 d极显著升高(P<0.01)。断奶前后,血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性无显著差异。添加高锌显著提高断奶仔猪血清ALP水平,降低血清钙(Ca)和血清磷(P)浓度,对上述其他生化指标无显著影响。     

山羊卵巢发育不全的组织学及血清激素水平研究

近年来,江苏省山羊发展很快,特别是1995年我省引进世界著名肉用山羊--波尔羊后,利用波尔羊公羊与当地母山羊杂交,其活重比当地周岁羊高出10 kg以上,使养羊业经济效益大幅度提高.但不少地区对波杂羊并没有注意饲养条件改善,出现波杂羊长期不发情,不孕现象相当普遍,有的场1岁波杂羊受胎率不足50%.这些羊群经我们初步调查表明,生殖器官发育正常,并无生殖系统疾病,主要是营养不良,导致卵巢发育不全,卵巢机能障碍,对这类羊究竟卵巢组织及其外周血清性激素水平如何,迄今研究尚少.本试验旨在揭示卵巢发育不全其组织学和性激素水平的特征,为提高山羊繁殖力,特别是波杂羊的受胎率、产羔率提供科学依据.     

Urinary and serum concentrations of diclofenac after topical application to horses

The liposomal cream formulation of diclofenac, an NSAID, is an effective, safe, and convenient way to treat localized areas of inflammation in horses. The results of this study reveal urinary and serum concentrations of diclofenac following topical administration of 1% liposomal diclofenac cream for 10 days at the labeled dose and at 2X and 4X the labeled dose. These results demonstrate the slow absorption and elimination of 1% liposomal diclofenac cream and may be useful when estimating the withdrawal time needed before a competition in order to prevent an inadvertent positive drug test.     

The effect of depurinized milk draught diet on rat serum uric acid, lipid status and haematological parameters

Hyperuricaemia and gout are closely related, but hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for endothelial damage, autoinflammation and haemodynamic abnormalities. Milk, generally known as a 'purine-free diet', is an essential protein source for patients suffering from hyperuricaemia and gout. As milk still contains different purine ribonucleotides, the new product, depurinized milk, almost free of purine nucleotides and uric acid, was produced. The potential effect of depurinized milk diet on serum uric acid (SUA) level, lipid parameters and blood haematological parameters was explored in rats after 72 h and 15 days, in relation to standard laboratory chow or the untreated milk diet. The beneficial effect on SUA was achieved when depurinized milk draught was given instead of standard chow for 72 h [28.39 ± 4.76 μm; p < 0.001 vs. standard diet (STD) 47.6 ± 6.12, vs. untreated milk diet 31.55 ± 8.50; p < 0.05] or as a supplement for STD for 15 days experiment (35.38 ± 6.40 μm; p < 0.05 vs. STD only 48.05 ± 4.32; vs. untreated milk + STD 46.02 ± 9.48). Depurinized milk diet significantly decreased the low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratio (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and leucocyte count (p < 0.001), while both milk draughts enhanced haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01). In conclusion, considering the detrimental effect of persisting hyperuricaemia, the depurinized milk draught may meet the demand of healthy dairy product for population under hyperuricaemic risk.     

施氮肥对高羊茅种子质量和产量组成的影响

2000-2001年在新疆塔里木农垦大学牧草试验站进行了施氮肥对交战高羊茅种子质量和产量组成影响的研究。结果表明,施氮可以明显提高种子的活力和质量,并增加了单位面积的生殖枝数和小花数／小穗;施氮肥提高了种子产量,其中以秋季60kg／hm^2 春季120kg／hm^2施氮量为最好,种子产量可达1653．9kg／hm^2。     

基于血清代谢组学研究Kisspeptin对热应激大鼠的保护作用

运用代谢组学方法研究神经肽Kisspeptin对热应激大鼠的保护作用。本试验通过建立热应激大鼠模型,基于气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(GC/TOFMS)代谢组学方法检测大鼠血清中内源性代谢物,并采用主成分分析及偏最小二乘判别法分析对照组、热应激组和Kisspeptin干预组之间的代谢物差异,筛选出潜在的生物标志物。代谢组学结果显示热应激组大鼠的血清代谢谱与正常对照组大鼠明显不同,而Kisspeptin干预后大鼠的血清代谢谱有趋于正常的趋势。生化代谢通路分析结果显示热应激引起大鼠三羧酸循环、糖代谢、氨基酸和核苷酸代谢异常,而热应激后给与Kisspeptin处理可缓解上述代谢通路的紊乱并趋于正常状态。此外,氧化应激指标检测结果显示给与Kisspeptin处理可降低热应激大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量,并提高超氧化酶歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,该结果表明Kisspeptin在一定程度上缓解了热应激诱导的氧化应激。该研究从代谢及抗氧化的角度研究了Kisspeptin对热应激大鼠的保护作用,为动物健康养殖和开发抗热应激的安全生物制品提供试验依据。     

Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application

Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.