共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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皖北地区奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验应用体细胞计数法,4%苛性钠法,BTB法和6%H2O2平板法对安徽省皖北地区10个奶牛场的健康乳区进行了隐性乳房炎的检测。结果表明奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎检出率综合评判为36.4%。其中私营奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎检出率和乳区阳性率较高。 相似文献
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我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查 总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43
1980~1989年对22个城市32个奶牛场10371头成年泌乳牛进行乳房炎病因及发病情况调查,并对其中3384头泌乳期奶牛的12660个乳区进行隐性乳为检查,结果临床型乳房炎奶牛发病率为33.41%,隐性乳房炎奶牛头阳性检出率为73.91%,乳区阳性检出率为44.74%,采集2015份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌性检查,临床乳房炎,隐性乳房炎和健康奶样病原菌检出率分别为85.37%,62.76 相似文献
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对重庆部分地区6个奶牛场118头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中76头泌4乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对226份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明:临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为8.47%(10/118)和3.32%(15/452);隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为78.94%(60/76)和50.34%(148/294);临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为86.67%(13/15)、87.83%(130/148)和73.00%(46/63);检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。 相似文献
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重庆部分地区泌乳奶牛乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
对重庆部分地区6个奶牛场118头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中76头泌4乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查。同时对226份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定,结果表明:临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为8.47%(10/118)和3.32%(15/452);隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为78.94%(60/76)和50.34%(148/294);临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性 相似文献
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对重庆地区6个奶牛场的76头黑白花奶牛294份奶样,采用LMT方法检测隐性乳房炎,按常规方法分离鉴定病原菌,用纸片法对其病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明,LMT阳性奶牛检出率为78.94%、阳性乳区的检出率为50.43%;阳性乳区的细菌检出率为87.83%;分离鉴定的病原菌以葡萄球菌和链球菌为主,占检出细菌总数的94.60%;而这些病原菌对庆大霉素、氯霉素和红霉素的敏感性最高。目前在临床上可首选此类药物治疗奶牛隐性乳房炎 相似文献
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为了检测和调查新疆库尔勒市某奶牛场泌乳奶牛乳房炎的发病率,对该奶牛场养殖的32头泌乳期奶牛用凝乳法进行了隐性乳房炎检测。结果表明,隐性乳房炎奶牛阳性率为40.63%,且乳房炎阳性率随奶牛使用年限的增加而增加;用挤奶机器挤奶的奶牛乳房炎阳性率高于手工挤奶,后乳区的乳房炎阳性率高于前乳区。 相似文献
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某奶牛场奶牛乳房炎调查 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用SMT法对某奶牛场505头泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测结果显示:该奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为42.38%(214/505),临床型乳房炎阳性率为8.32%(42/505),乳区阳性率为22.02%(421/1912)。 相似文献
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张连成 《北方牧业(奶牛)》2009,(8):55-56
我国奶牛乳房炎的发病率很高,隐性乳房炎的发病率更高、危害性更大。根据国际奶牛联合会的统计,20世纪70年代,奶牛乳房炎的发病率是2%,隐性乳房炎患病率为50%。在我国,同期几个大城市隐性乳房炎的检出率为20%-70%。20世纪80年代,有60%以上的乳牛都感染有隐性乳房炎,有30%-50%的乳区感染有隐性乳房炎。近年来奶牛隐性乳房炎呈上升趋势。 相似文献
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为调查奎屯地区奶牛球虫感染与流行现状,试验选取奎屯不同地区的5个规模化奶牛养殖场,对2~3月龄、6月龄、1~2岁、5~6岁的牛直肠采集粪便共290份进行球虫检测。结果发现被检5个规模化奶牛场均存在球虫感染,感染率最高为58.14%;共检出8种艾美耳属球虫,分别是牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeriabovis)(8.62%)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeriazuernii)(9.31%)、椭圆艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ellipsoidalli)(11.03%)、柱状艾美耳球虫(Eimeria cylindrce)(5.86%)、阿拉巴艾美耳球虫(Eimeria alabamensis)(4.13%)、亚球艾美耳球虫(Eimeria subspherica)(9.31%)、奥博艾美耳球虫(Eimeria auburnensis)(5.17%)、加拿大艾美耳球虫(Eimeria canadensis)(3.44%),且优势虫种为椭圆艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ellipsoidalli)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zuernii)、亚球艾美耳球虫(Eimeriasubspherica)、牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeriabovis)。 相似文献
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Kansuda Leelahapongsathon Ynte Hein Schukken Witaya Suriyasathaporn 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1067-1078
A cross-sectional study was carried out from May to September 2011 on 35 smallholder dairy farms in Chiang Mai, Thailand, to identify the quarter, cow, and farm factors that relate to intramammary infections (IMI) from major specified pathogens, compared to infections from minor pathogens. Data on general farm management, milking management, and dry cow management were recorded for each herd. Quarter milk samples were collected from either clinical or subclinical mastitis quarters. Dependent variables were binary data defining the specified major pathogens, including Streptococcus agalactiae (7.1 %), Streptococcus uberis (9.4 %), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (4.0 %), and other streptococci (16.7 %), as a case, and all minor pathogens as a control, in each dependent variable. The occurrence of S. agalactiae IMI was lower in first-parity cows and cows with short milking time. Cows with body condition score (BCS) <2.5 had higher occurrence of S. agalactiae IMI. The occurrence of S. uberis IMI was higher in quarters with California mastitis test (CMT) score 2, score 3, and having clinical mastitis and in farms with increasing age of vacuum system. Quarters with CMT score 3, having clinical mastitis, cow with manual milking after detaching milking cluster, and farms with high bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC >500,000 cells/ml) had higher occurrence of S. dysgalactiae IMI. For other streptococci, quarters having clinical mastitis, BCS <2.5, and pulling down of milking cluster while milking increased occurrence of other streptococci IMI relative to minor pathogen IMI. These results highlight the importance of individual cow factors, milking characteristics, and BMSCC in determining the risk of IMI from major pathogens. 相似文献
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Hamann J 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,108(3):110-112
Automatic milking systems offer not only a marked improvement of the working conditions in dairy farms but also they may be able to improve the quality of life of the dairy farmer, the health and performance status of the cow and the milk quality. The current stage of development of automatic milking systems indicates that there are still some deficiencies in fulfilling the requirements of the milk hygiene regulations, the early identification of health problems and allowing veterinary measures. This paper details some aspects of cow and udder health and milk quality under the condition of automatic milking systems by discussing actual problems and potential future advantages. 相似文献
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Organic dairy farms (OP; n=60) and conventional dairy farms (integrated production, IP; n=60), matched in size, location, and agricultural zone (altitude), were studied for possible differences in management, feeding, production, reproduction and udder health. OP and IP farms were similar in size (17.7 and 16.9 ha), milk quota (65900 and 70,000 kg/year), cow number (14 and 15), cow age (5.3 and 5.2 years), housing of cows of the Simmental x Red Holstein or Holstein breeds (87 and 75%; 45 and 60%), but differed significantly with respect to loose housing systems (18 and 7%), outside paddocks (98 and 75%), energy-corrected 305-d milk yield (5,695 and 6,059 kg), milk protein content (31.8 and 32.7 g/kg), use of bucket milking systems (73 and 33%), observance of regular (12-h) milking intervals (47 and 68%), routine application of the California-Mastitis-Test (10 and 28%), teat dipping after milking (25 and 43%) and blanket dry cow treatments (0 and 45%). Milk somatic cell counts on OP and IP farms (119 000 and 117,000/mL) and reproduction data were similar and there were no significant differences between OP and IP farms as concerns available feeds, planning and management of feeding. Alternative veterinary treatments were used more often on OP than IP farms (55 and 17%). Main causes for cow replacements on OP and IP farms were fertility disorders (both 45%), age (40 and 42%), sale (30 and 37%) and udder health (35 and 13%).Between OP and IP Swiss dairy farms thus relatively few larger differences were found. 相似文献
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中国奶牛养殖模式及效益分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国奶牛养殖正由数量增长向质量增长方式转变,目前我国奶牛养殖仍以奶牛饲养小区为主体(集中饲养地、集中挤奶、统一防疫、分户管理、分户结算),奶牛养殖小区农户养殖的奶牛总数占全国总存栏的70%以上,这对我国奶牛养殖业发展产生巨大影响,暴露出很多问题,必须向现代养殖模式转型,转型的主要方向是适度规模的家庭式奶牛场或股份合作制奶牛场,与其他大中型奶牛场一起成为我国现代奶牛场养殖组织模式,用5年时间使我国成乳牛胎泌乳量达到7 000 kg/头,实现奶牛养殖业发展以质量型发展为主,通过奶牛养殖模式转型促进我国奶牛养殖业可持续健康发展. 相似文献
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging deer and rabbits surrounding Minnesota dairy herds
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Eran A. Raizman Scott J. Wells Peter A. Jordan Glenn D. DelGiudice Russell R. Bey 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(1):32-38
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected Minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between these species. Fecal samples from cows and the cow environment were collected from 108 Minnesota dairy herds, and fecal pellets from free-ranging white-tailed deer and eastern cottontail rabbits were collected from locations surrounding 114 farms; all samples were tested using bacterial culture. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 114 herd owners. Sixty-two percent of the dairy herds had at least 1 positive fecal pool or environmental sample. A total of 218 rabbit samples were collected from 90% of the herds, and 309 deer samples were collected from 47% of the herds. On 2 (4%) of the farms sampled, 1 deer fecal sample was MAP positive. Both farms had samples from the cow fecal pool and cow environment that were positive by culture. On 2 (2%) other farms, 1 rabbit fecal sample was positive by culture to MAP, with one of these farms having positive cow fecal pools and cow environmental samples. Pasture was used on 79% of the study farms as a grazing area for cattle, mainly for dry cows (75%) and bred or prebred heifers (87%). Of the 114 farms, 88 (77%) provided access to drylot for their cattle, mainly for milking cows (77/88; 88%) and bred heifers (87%). Of all study farms, 90 (79%) used some solid manure broadcasting on their crop fields. Of all 114 farms, the estimated probability of daily physical contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was 20% and 25%, respectively. Possible contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was estimated to occur primarily from March through December. The frequency of pasture or drylot use and manure spreading on crop fields may be important risk factors for transmission of MAP among dairy cattle, deer, and rabbits. Although the MAP prevalence among rabbits and deer is low, their role as MAP reservoirs should be considered. 相似文献
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de Mol RM 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(4):99-103
The development and test of detection models for oestrus and mastitis in dairy cows is described in a PhD thesis that was defended in Wageningen on June 5, 2000. These models were based on sensors for milk yield, milk temperature, electrical conductivity of milk, and cow activity and concentrate intake, and on combined processing of the sensor data. The models alert farmers to cows that need attention, because of possible oestrus or mastitis. A first detection model for cows, milked twice a day, was based on time series models for the sensor variables. A time series model describes the dependence between successive observations. The parameters of the time series models were fitted on-line for each cow after each milking by means of a Kalman filter, a mathematical method to estimate the state of a system on-line. The Kalman filter gives the best estimate of the current state of a system based on all preceding observations. This model was tested for 2 years on two experimental farms, and under field conditions on four farms over several years. A second detection model, for cow milked in an automatic milking system (AMS), was based on a generalization of the first model. Two data sets (one small, one large) were used for testing. The results for oestrus detection were good for both models. The results for mastitis detection were varying (in some cases good, in other cases moderate). Fuzzy logic was used to classify mastitis and oestrus alerts with both detection models, to reduce the number of false positive alerts. Fuzzy logic makes approximate reasoning possible, where statements can be partly true or false. Input for the fuzzy logic model were alerts from the detection models and additional information. The number of false positive alerts decreased considerably, while the number of detected cases remained at the same level. These models make automated detection possible in practice. 相似文献