滕王阁白蚁为害成因及防治

本文通过对滕王阁白蚁为害形成原因的分析，阐述钢混结构的现代建筑同样会遭到白蚁的侵害，提出了在蚁患区新建房屋要重视白蚁预防处理。     

海宁城市园林绿化白蚁危害情况调查和防治

对海宁市城市园林绿化白蚁危害情况进行抽样调查,发现危害城市园林的白蚁有2科3种,危害优势种为黑翅土白蚁。香樟为易受害树种,城市园林总体蚁害率为40.01%。针对不同园林特点,应选择合适的防治方法,可以达到有效防治白蚁危害的目的。     

高尔夫球场白蚁发生规律与防治策略

对高尔夫球场白蚁发生种类、发生危害规律及原因进行了总结分析，提出了防治策略。介绍了草地及林木土栖白蚁灭治诱杀陷阱的制作与使用方法。认为进行预防和消灭球场周围的蚁源并长年坚持灭蚁是防治的关键．     

虎丘山白蚁危害调查及防治对策

为了解虎丘山风景名胜区白蚁危害状况，通过划分调查区域，对景区进行详细的白蚁危害调查，明确了景区白蚁危害种类多、分布广、差异大、优势种不同的特点，分析了蚁害产生的原因，制定了相应的综合防治措施，以期有效控制景区白蚁种群密度，降低白蚁危害，达到最佳的社会、经济和生态效益。     

保幼激素类似物对白蚁的作用研究进展

本文介绍了保幼激素类似物对白蚁的影响,包括诱导前兵蚁、兵蚁和一些中间品级(形态畸形)的产生、抑制白蚁的取食、减少或消除白蚁的共生原生动物群、对白蚁产生不同水平的急性和慢性毒性、抑制工蚁蜕皮以及繁殖蚁建立新群体等方面的影响,其中最主要影响是诱导前兵、兵蚁和一些中间品级的产生破坏了白蚁群体品级比例的平衡性或完整性。因此,保幼激素类似物可用于白蚁的防治,并在田间防治散白蚁和乳白蚁均取得了较好的防治效果,并探讨了应用保幼激素类似物防治白蚁的潜力与前景。     

陕西、甘肃园林树木白蚁种类及为害情况

在陕西、甘肃白蚁分布区,对园林树木的白蚁种类及其为害情况进行了调查.结果显示,陕西、甘肃地区为害园林树木的白蚁种类共有3科5属12种,其中主要危害蚁种为尖唇散白蚁、黄胸散白蚁和圆唇散白蚁,次危害蚁种为陕西树白蚁和陇南树白蚁.陕西、甘肃受白蚁为害的树木共20种.3种主要危害蚁种为害的主要树种为杨树、刺槐、国槐、银杏、李树、柳树和构树.另外,柳树、杨树和刺槐也易遭陕西树白蚁和陇南树白蚁侵害.园林树木蚁害整体上不是很重,但局部区域或景点有些单一树种受害率达10％以上,有些甚至达到20％以上,受害率已与长江以南地区很接近,应引起相关部门的重视.     

白蚁主要类群及其危害的历史演变

根据不同时期白蚁危害房屋的事实,笔者将白蚁主要类群及其危害的历史演变过程分成如下三个阶段：170年代前,以家白蚁危害为主50至70年代,房屋建筑绝大多数为土木结构,据调查,其所患蚁害,均属泌乳家白蚁危害。1979、1980年,笔者曾对东山县各乡镇、各部门的建筑进行过全面调查,结果发现家白蚁的危害涉及全县各乡镇企事业建筑和各村庄私宅。家白蚁蛀蚀房屋术门窗、天花板、家具等,重者造成连片倒塌。这一阶段房屋从建筑至发生蚁害的平均时间为10年8个月,至出现繁殖蚁分飞的平均时间为12年1个月。280年代,多种白蚁混合危害80年代房屋…     

东江惠州段江北大堤白蚁治理效果初报

本文总结了2006年10月至2007年12月期间东江惠州段江北大堤白蚁危害与防治工作.灭治前从风门坳至惠博沿江公路路口,共发现蚁路、蚁被、蚁线4956处;长毛岭至中信桥堤,共发现蚁被、蚁线、蚁路8114处;惠博沿江路到九孔闸,坝体上共发现780处蚁被蚁线.总共投埋诱饵42297处,其中坝体及排涝闸投埋28624处,蚁源区投埋13673处.经过1年多的白蚁灭治与坝体灌浆加固处理,江北大堤及周边山地蚁害已得到有效控制,不少区域/部位已经出现了炭棒菌.验收检测,平均每5000㎡的范围内发现白蚁活动痕迹不超过2处,达到水利工程无蚁害堤坝标准的要求.     

3种白蚁防治药剂对散白蚁的控制效果观察

2010年-2012年应用吡虫啉10%悬浮剂、联苯菊酯5%悬浮剂和氟虫腈0.5%粉剂等3种白蚁防治药剂对危害房屋建筑的散白蚁进行了针对性处理,对其防治效果进行了观察和统计研究。结果表明：吡虫啉10%悬浮剂、联苯菊酯5%悬浮剂、氟虫腈0.5%粉剂对房屋建筑散白蚁危害的控制率分别为：85.30%、84.01%、80.33%,具有较好的防治效果,且吡虫啉10%悬浮剂、联苯菊酯5%悬浮剂防效均显著高于氟虫腈0.5%粉剂。此外,对3种白蚁防治药剂处理后再次发生蚁害的情况进行了分析。     

宜宾市红色基地白蚁危害调查及综合治理技术研究

为准确掌握宜宾市红色基地的白蚁危害情况，本研究在2012-2015年期间，对宜宾市主要红色基地白蚁危害情况进行了调查，并开展了白蚁综合治理技术应用试验。结果表明，在共计调查宜宾市主要红色基地的12处，有6处发现不同程度的白蚁危害，其中4处蚁害严重。产生危害的白蚁种类主要是散白蚁，也有土白蚁危害。2015-2020年先后选取白蚁危害严重的3处红色基地进行了白蚁综合治理试验，发现几个基地白蚁危害均得到有效控制，为红色基地白蚁综合治理提供技术支持。     

广州古树名木白蚁的发生与防治

广州市古树名木受白蚁为害率为１６％，其中以家白蚁为害最大，占总为害率的９５．６％，受害树种以樟树为最严重。本文作者使用凯雷牌白蚁粉，彩蚁路施药法，分群孔施药法和钻巢＋诱杀法，于４－７月份对受害树木进行防治试验，结果证明分群孔施药法和钻巢＋诱杀法处理效果比较理想。作者还对广州市古树名木的保持提出了建议。     

United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service research on targeted management of the Formosan subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is currently one of the most destructive pests in the USA. It is estimated to cost consumers over US dollars 1 billion annually for preventative and remedial treatment and to repair damage caused by this insect. The mission of the Formosan Subterranean Termite Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Service is to demonstrate the most effective existing termite management technologies, integrate them into effective management systems, and provide fundamental problem-solving research for long-term, safe, effective and environmentally friendly new technologies. This article describes the epidemiology of the pest and highlights the research accomplished by the Agricultural Research Service on area-wide management of the termite and fundamental research on its biology that might provide the basis for future management technologies. Fundamental areas that are receiving attention are termite detection, termite colony development, nutrition and foraging, and the search for biological control agents. Other fertile areas include understanding termite symbionts that may provide an additional target for control. Area-wide management of the termite by using population suppression rather than protection of individual structures has been successful; however, much remains to be done to provide long-term sustainable population control. An educational component of the program has provided reliable information to homeowners and pest-control operators that should help slow the spread of this organism and allow rapid intervention in those areas which it infests.     

Natural-product-based chromenes as a novel class of potential termiticides

BACKGROUND: Among the termite infestations in the United States, the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), is considered to be the most devastating termite pest. This pest most likely invaded North America as a result of the disembarkation of wooden military cargo at the port of New Orleans that arrived from Asia during and after World War II. It has now spread over other states, including Texas, Florida, South Carolina and California. Devastation caused by C. formosanus in North America has been estimated to cost $ US 1 billion a year. Over the past decades, organochlorines and organophosphates, the two prominent classes of termite control agents, have been banned owing to environmental and human health concerns. At the present time, phenylpyrazoles, pyrethroids, chloronicotinyls and pyrroles are being used as termite control agents. Mammalian toxicity and seeping of these compounds into groundwater are some of the drawbacks associated with these treatments. The instruction for the application of these termiticides indicate ground water advisory. Hence, with the increasing spread of termite infestation there is an increased need to discover effective, environmentally friendly and safe termite control agents with minimal mammalian toxicity. RESULTS: Chromene analogs derived from a natural‐product‐based chromene amide isolated from Amyris texana were tested in a collaborative discovery program for effective, environmentally friendly termite control agents. Several chromene derivatives were synthesized and characterized as a novel class of potential termiticides, followed by bioassays. These compounds exhibited significantly higher mortalities compared with untreated controls in laboratory bioassays. CONCLUSION: Chromene derivatives have been shown to be a potential novel class of termiticides against Formosan subterranean termites. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Termite cuticular extracts improve acceptance of bait for controlling invasive Asian needle ants,Brachyponera chinensis

BACKGROUND

The Asian needle ant, Brachyponera chinensis, is an invasive ant currently spreading in urban and natural habitats throughout the eastern United States. Recent studies have documented the negative impact of B. chinensis on native ecosystems and human health, yet effective control strategies are lacking. Control difficulties are, in part, due to the unique biology of B. chinensis, which is a predatory ant and a termite specialist. Given that subterranean termites are an important nutritional resource for B. chinensis, the current study evaluated the potential of termite cuticular extract to improve the target-specificity and efficacy of commercial bait used for B. chinensis control.

RESULTS

The efficacy of bait augmented with termite cuticular extracts was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. In laboratory assays, B. chinensis colonies were offered granular bait treated with termite cuticular extract. Results demonstrated that the acceptance of commercial bait is significantly increased by the addition of termite cuticular extract or synthetic (Z)-9-pentacosene, a major component of termite cuticular extract. Foraging activity of Asian needle ants was significantly greater on baits augmented with termite cuticular extract or (Z)-9-pentacosene relative to standard bait. Furthermore, bait augmented with termite cuticular extract worked substantially faster relative to standard bait. To evaluate population effects, field studies were conducted in forested areas invaded by B. chinensis. Bait treated with termite cuticular extract scattered on the forest floor provided rapid control of B. chinensis and ant densities throughout the treated plots declined by 98% within 14 days.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of termite cuticular extracts and individual cuticular hydrocarbons such as (Z)-9-pentacosene into traditional baits used for B. chinensis control may offer a novel tool to manage this increasingly problematic invasive ant. © 2023 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

园林树木白蚁地上治理新技术的研究

本文首次报道了灌药盖膜法、硅藻土处理法、灭蚁环法新技术对园林树木上黑翅土白蚁、黑胸散白蚁的防治效果。结果表明:处理2个月后,灌药盖膜法和灭蚁环法的防治效果达100%,硅藻土处理法防治效果为82%~99.6%。3种防治方法相比,用0.1%灭蚁素乳胶剂通过灭蚁环技术进行防治,其防治效果好、持效期长、成本低、无需用水、操作简便,且对人和环境安全,适宜在园林风景区及山林中大面积应用。     

A review of subterranean termite control practices and prospects for integrated pest management programmes

Soil insecticide barriers have been the single most important tool for subterranean termite control in the last half century, but limitations with current soil termiticides have provided the impetus to look for alternatives in recent years. One such alternative is the monitoring--baiting programme. Monitoring stations to detect termites are placed in the soil surrounding a structure. Once termites are found in the stations, monitoring devices are replaced with slow-acting baits such as the chitin synthesis inhibitor, hexaflumuron. Field studies have indicated that termite colonies were eliminated using less than 1 g of hexaflumuron. After the elimination, monitoring resumes and bait is applied if new termite activity is detected. The monitoring and baiting procedure form the basis for an ongoing programme to protect structures from subterranean termite infestation. Although the cost--benefit model developed for agricultural integrated pest management cannot be applied directly to termite control, the underlying concept for using a cost-effective approach remains the same. The benefits of the monitoring--baiting programme over conventional soil treatment are a reduction in pesticide applied per unit and the elimination of termite populations near structures, resulting in the reduction of liability and damage potential. It is expected that the data management system when used in conjunction with the monitoring--baiting programme will provide a database to improve its cost-effectiveness continuously.     

Plant-derived natural products exhibiting activity against formosan subterranean termites (Coptotermes formosanus)

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is among the most devastating termite pests. Natural products derived from plant extracts were tested in a discovery programme for effective, environmentally friendly termite control agents. Among the natural products tested, vulgarone B (isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser), apiol (isolated from Ligusticum hultenii (Fern.) Calder & Taylor) and cnicin (isolated from Centaurea maculosa Lam.) exhibited significantly higher mortalities than in untreated controls in laboratory bioassay. These compounds are present at high levels in their respective plant sources and also possess other biological activities such as phytotoxic and antifungal properties.     

几丁质合成抑制剂在白蚁防治中的研究进展

昆虫生长调节剂是一类新型的第三代杀虫剂,能阻碍或干扰昆虫正常的生长发育,活性高,残毒小,对环境污染少,大量应用于农、林、卫生害虫防治。其中,应用比较广泛的是几丁质合成抑制剂,能阻碍白蚁新表皮的形成,抑制白蚁的蜕皮而致死。目前,几丁质合成抑制剂如氟铃脲、杀铃脲、除虫脲、氟啶脲等已应用于白蚁群体防治,对白蚁有显著的控制作用,是目前砒剂和灭蚁灵较理想的替代物。     

Logistic model for describing the pattern of flight of Kalotermes flavicollis in sherry vineyards

Kalotermes flavicollis is a serious pest in southern Spanish vineyards. The development of this termite is hidden inside galleries excavated along the wood of the vines. Dispersion is by the sexual adults, which emerge in autumn between September and November. These winged individuals constitute the main target to control the pest in integrated production. A logistic model based on the relationship existing between catches in sticky traps over 4 years and degree–days has been fitted for this termite in sherry vineyards in Andalucía. The results show that, above 548 accumulated degree–days, approximately 50% of winged individuals emerge. This information can help farmers to take control decisions.