免疫增强剂提升猪用灭活疫苗免疫效力的研究

为评价免疫增强剂对猪细小-乙脑二联灭活疫苗的免疫效力提升作用,将免疫增强剂以伴侣形式与疫苗共同混合免疫5~6月龄阴性后备母猪和种公猪,检测其抗体水平。结果显示,免疫增强剂与疫苗混合免疫后1周抗体全部转阳,免疫后1~6月平均抗体效价均显著高于不含免疫增强剂的常规疫苗组,表明该免疫增强剂能够显著提升猪细小-乙脑二联灭活疫苗对后备母猪和种公猪的免疫效力。     

左旋咪唑,丙硫咪唑对猪瘟免疫效果影响的比较试验

在给５０～６０日龄仔猪接种ＨＣ疫苗的同时，分别加服左旋咪唑，丙硫咪唑，于免疫后１０，３１，８５，１３６，１８２ｄ用１ＨＡ法５次检测ＨＣ血清抗体效价，结果试验１组ＩＨＡ抗体价每次都显著高于试验２组（Ｐ〈０．０１），试验２组与对照组间的ＩＨＡ抗体效价每次均无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），表明左旋咪唑对ＨＣ疫苗免疫猪有明显的免疫增强作用，能明显提高ＨＣ免疫效果；丙硫咪唑对ＨＣ疫苗免疫猪无免疫增强作用。     

左旋咪唑增强猪瘟免疫效果的试验

在给５０～６０日龄仔猪接种猪瘟疫苗的同时，加服左旋咪唑。分别于免疫后１０、３１、８５、１３６、１８２天检测血清抗体效价。试验组ＩＨＡ抗体效价都显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）．试验组抗体下降至有效效价以下的时间亦显著迟于对照组．表明左旋咪唑能明显提高猪瘟疫苗免疫猪的体液免疫应答，对猪瘟疫苗免疫猪有明显的免疫增强作用．     

细菌CpG—DNA对犬免疫增强效果的研究

以犬瘟热病毒为模式病毒，将CpG-DNA与铝胶、蜂胶2种对照佐剂分别与犬瘟热病毒灭活疫苗配合，给犬接种疫苗前后用微量中和试验抽查血清中和抗体效价，根据抗体效价高低判断佐剂的免疫增强效果。结果表明，3种佐剂疫苗均能诱导产生特异性抗体，但组间抗体效价有显著差异（P＜0．01），CpG-DNA的免疫增强作用明显高于其它2种佐剂，CpG-DNA所诱导的抗体效价较蜂胶佐剂高5倍，较铝胶佐剂高7倍。     

白细胞介素 2对犬细小病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究白细胞介素 2（IL-2）对犬细小病毒疫苗免疫效果的影响,选择40只幼犬,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组按0.5 ml/头份加入犬用IL-2与犬细小病毒疫苗一起皮下注射,对照组单独使用犬细小病毒疫苗,注射后分别在接种前、接种后7 d和14 d使用金标试纸条检测其抗体效价,并进行组间抗体效价差异的t检验。试验结果表明,接种疫苗前试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价之间差异不显著;接种疫苗后7 d,试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价差异极显著(P<0.01);接种疫苗后14 d,试验组与对照组犬细小病毒平均抗体效价差异极显著(P<0.01)。试验表明：IL 2可明显提高幼犬对犬细小病毒疫苗的抗体应答能力,是一种良好的犬细小病毒疫苗候选佐剂。     

犬细小病毒细胞毒蜂胶佐剂灭活抗原对山羊的免疫效果研究

应用犬细小病毒(CPV)细胞毒,F81细胞系传代培养增殖病毒,以该细胞毒液经甲醛灭活后制备成蜂胶佐剂灭活抗原,用以免疫山羊,观察其免疫效果.结果显示,以5mL/只恒定剂量接种山羊,经4次连续免疫后CPV抗体水平整体较低,第28天测定HI效价在27(1∶3128),而以5mL/只递增剂量4次连续免疫山羊后,抗体水平整体较高,第28天测定,抗体HI效价在29(1∶512),较恒定剂量免疫组高2个滴度水平.结果表明,采用犬细小病毒细胞毒蜂胶佐剂灭活抗原高免山羊可获得高效价的特异性抗血清.     

不同免疫增效剂对鸡新城疫免疫效果的影响

为研究鸡转移因子、黄芪、左旋咪唑、灵芝4种免疫增效剂的功效,以鸡新城疫（Newcastle disease,ND）血凝抑制抗体效价作为指标,比较其免疫效果。试验鸡先采血测定ND抗体效价,接种注射ND-IB-EDS灭活油乳剂疫苗,再将试验鸡随机分成5组,1～4组为试验组,给予不同的免疫增效剂,5组为空白对照组。在给药后第4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22和24天分别采血,采用微量血凝抑制试验检测ND抗体效价,统计后比较其抗体效价的变化。结果表明：灵芝组抗体效价在12 d开始显著高于对照组和其他试验组（P＜0.05）,且保持较高的水平;转移因子组和黄芪组抗体效价从14 d开始均显著高于对照组和左旋咪唑组（P＜0.05）,并分别从第22和20天开始持续在较高水平;左旋咪唑组的抗体效价高于对照组,但未出现显著性差异。由此可见,不同的免疫增效剂对鸡ND疫苗的免疫增强作用各异。综合考虑,临床应用时首选鸡转移因子,其次黄芪,灵芝和左旋咪唑需酌情使用。     

左旋咪唑增强猪瘟免疫效果的试验

在给５０－６０日龄仔猪接种猪瘟疫苗的同时，加服左旋咪唑。分别于免疫后１０，３１，８５，１３６，１８２天检测血清抗体效价。试验组ＩＨＡ抗体效价都显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），试验组抗体下降至有效效价以下的时间亦显著迟丁对照组。表明左旋咪唑能明显提高猪疫苗免疫猪的体液免疫应答，对猪瘟疫苗免疫猪有明显的增强作用。     

副猪嗜血杆菌灭活疫苗佐剂的筛选

为了评价铝胶、蜂胶及白油佐剂对副猪嗜血杆菌的免疫增强效果,我们将铝胶、蜂胶和白油3种佐剂分别与副猪嗜血杆菌血清5型菌株联合制备灭活疫苗,然后接种雄性成年家兔,采用ELSIA方法分别检测3种灭活苗在免疫期间副猪嗜血杆菌P5蛋白的抗体效价。结果显示:3次免疫后,白油佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶4000,铝胶佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶700,蜂胶佐剂免疫组的平均效价为1∶100,无佐剂对照组的平均效价为1∶100。说明这3种佐剂中免疫增强效果最好的为白油,铝胶次之。     

不同免疫增强剂对肉鸡禽流感免疫效果的影响试验

试验选用盐酸左旋咪唑,黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液作为免疫增强剂,并设空白对照组,观察其对肉鸡禽流感免疫效果和生产性能的影响。结果表明,黄芪多糖粉剂,黄芪多糖注射液和盐酸左旋咪唑对肉鸡禽流感均有较好的免疫增强作用,黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液在促进肉鸡禽流感抗体效价方面作用相似,与盐酸左旋咪唑作用效果差异不显著;在提高增重和E玫瑰花环形成率方面黄芪多糖粉剂和黄芪多糖注射液效果相当,且均优于盐酸左旋咪唑。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.