几种饵料对华贵栉孔扇贝浮游幼虫生长和成活率的影响

研究了湛江叉鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、小球藻、干酵母、湛江叉鞭金藻与干酵母、湛江叉鞭金藻与亚心形扁藻对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长和成活的影响。试验结果表明,投喂金藻和亚心形扁藻混合组生长速度最快,投喂金藻和酵母组次之,单独投喂小球藻和亚心形扁藻时生长速度最差。投喂酵母组成活率最高。     

僧帽牡蛎和华贵栉孔扇贝染色体的制作

本实验以僧帽牡蛎和华贵栉孔扇贝的胚胎、担轮幼虫和鳃组织等为材料，经秋水仙素处理，海水蒸馏水低渗，甲醇、冰醋酸固定液固定后得到的细胞悬液、压片或滴片，醋酸洋红或吉姆莎染料染色，最后获得较理想的染色体玻片标本。     

温度与pH对华贵栉孔扇贝淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的影响

从湛江乌石养殖群体随机选取30个华贵栉孔扇贝性腺成熟个体繁殖子代,比较温度和pH对华贵栉孔扇贝淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的影响.结果表明温度和pH对淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力均存在显著影(p<0.05).当温度在25～60℃之间时,淀粉酶和纤维素酶的最适温度分别为55℃和45℃;25℃时,淀粉酶和纤维素酶的最适pH值为5.0.     

温度和光强与华贵栉孔扇贝育苗关系的探讨

扇贝的味道鲜美，营养丰富，是我国经济贝类之一。其闭壳肌不但含有丰富的蛋白质，而且有多量的赖氨酸，肝糖和琥珀酸。干制品称“干贝”乃驰名的海珍品，十分畅销。     

华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗试验

<正> 华贵栉孔扇贝 Chlamys nobilis(Reeve)为暖水性贝类,个体大、生长快、肉质细嫩而味美,闭壳肌干制品俗称“干贝”,为海产“八珍品”之一。该贝分布于西太平洋区域。栖息于低潮线以下的浅海直至370米左右的深海,多发现于2～7米流畅、水清的石礁或砂砾的硬质海底,以足丝附着或平铺于海底岩石及其他物体上生活。广东沿海均有发现,     

华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗若干关键技术初探

对华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗技术进行了较深入细致的研究，就其人工育苗过程中的亲贝的选择、亲贝的育肥促熟、亲贝的催产、精子的控制、浮游幼虫培育、人工采苗、稚贝培育、换水和药物防病等一系列关键技术进行了探讨。     

华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗试验

华贵栉孔扇贝属暖水性海产贝类，个体大、生长快，肉质细嫩而味美，闭壳肌干制品俗称“干贝”，为海产“八珍之一”。含肝糖5．4％，还含有乙氨酸、琥珀酸等。1977年4月6日在日本名古屋召开药学会上，据专家报告称，用扇贝中的提取物给小鼠治癌，取得百分之百成功。可见扇贝不仅是美味的海珍品，而且有较高的药用价值。为了探索华贵栉孔扇贝的生物学特性，引进、发展优良新品种增养殖，     

华贵栉孔扇贝养殖及遗传育种研究进展

华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）为暖水性海产双壳贝类,以营养丰富、味道鲜美和肉质细嫩而著称,是一种优良的养殖贝类,具有生长快、产量高、养殖周期短和经济效益高等特点。文章综述了华贵栉孔扇贝的生殖发育、生长、人工育苗和育种等方面的研究现状,以及遗传标记的开发和应用。分析了目前华贵栉孔扇贝养殖中存在并亟需解决的人工育苗育种及养殖等问题,提出了今后发展的方向和构想。     

华贵栉孔扇贝高产养殖试验

扇贝是一种生长在盐度较高的近海底栖双壳贝类，我国沿海都有自然分布，它的闭壳肌干制品俗称“干贝”，是一种名贵的海珍品，营养和经济价值很高。我国海洋与水产研究部门经十多年努力，在我国北方已发展到大规模海上养殖生产，由于其具有明显的农业“三高”特性，     

Reproductive success under the joint influences of temperature and salinity in noble scallop,Chlamys nobilis (Reeve)

In this study, the joint effects of two important environmental factors, temperature and salinity, on the per cent fertilization (FR) and per cent hatching (HR) of noble scallop, Chlamys nobilis, was evaluated using the central composite design and the response surface methodology. The results showed that the linear effects of temperature on FR and HR were significant (P < 0.01), and the linear effects of salinity were non‐significant (P > 0.05); the interactions between temperature and salinity were not significant (P > 0.05); the quadratic effects of temperature and salinity on the two responses were significant (P < 0.01); temperature was more important in influencing the reproductive success. The model equations of FR and HR towards temperature and salinity were established, with R² more than 98%, indicating that the models had excellent ability for goodness of fit and projection. Through simultaneously optimizing the two models derived, we found out that the optimum factor combination was 25.7°C/29 ppt and the greatest reproductive success was 89.93% for FR and 72.42% for HR. The desirability value of 97.30% showed the reliability of these optima. Our results provide some valuable guidelines for refining the reproductive efficiency of C. nobilis.     

Inheritance of shell colours in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis (Bivalve: Pectinidae)

The noble scallop Chlamys nobilis is polymorphic in its shell colour, which includes orange, orange‐purple, purple and brown. In this study, the inheritance of shell colours of this species was investigated by analysing shell colour segregation in juvenile scallops produced from cross‐fertilization. Totally, twenty two families derived from four types of parental crosses were produced. The results clearly demonstrated that shell colour in this species was consistently inherited but insensitive to the environmental factors given that each family was maintained in a common environment. The pattern of the four superficial shell colours in C. nobilis appears to be genetically controlled by the interaction of one pair of nonallelic genes, with one locus showing dominance epistasis to the other one. One‐locus‐three‐allele model was proposed to explain the genetic relationship of the orange‐purple colour dominant to the purple and brown colours, and the purple colour dominant to the brown colour. While the phenotypic ratio of 12:3:1 detected in one specific family showed that the dominant allele of the other locus controlling orange colour may mask the effect of the locus controlling orange‐purple, purple and brown colours. The present results provide a genetic basis for selective breeding in the noble scallop in terms of shell colour.     

Differential responses to low salinity on gene expression,physiological and biochemical indexes between the golden and brown noble scallops Chlamys nobilis

Low salinity is one of important environmental factors which often led to mass mortality of the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis cultivated in the South coast of China. It is well known that enzymic system and non‐enzymic system both play crucial roles in all living organisms against severe environments. To investigate how change about enzymic system and non‐enzymic system in the stenohaline marine bivalve under low salinity stress, an acute challenge lasting 48 hr was conducted using golden and brown noble scallops in the present study. The serine proteinase inhibitor from the noble scallop (CnSPI) was first cloned and expressed in different tissues. After low salinity stress, the gene expression levels were determined in haemocytes and compared between golden and brown scallops. Meanwhile, total carotenoids content (TCC) in adductor, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) content in gill and haemocytes were also determined and compared between the two colours scallops. Results showed that the CnSPI gene expression levels were significantly decreased after low salinity stress, and the golden scallops had higher gene expression levels than brown scallops (p < .05) at most times. Moreover, after low salinity stress, TCC, SOD enzymatic activity and MDA content also fluctuated, and the golden scallops contained higher TCC and SOD, but lower MDA than the brown ones. The present results indicated that enzymic system and non‐enzymic system were both changed under low salinity stress in the noble scallop and significantly different responses to the stress existed between golden and brown individuals. The SPI gene and carotenoids (CAR) both play a resistant role to low salinity stress in the noble scallop.     

温度与盐度对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼仔鱼生长与存活的联合影响

采用中心复合实验设计(CCD)和响应曲面方法(response surface methodology,RSM),探讨了温度(18～37℃)和盐度(0～16)对吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis miloticus)仔鱼生长和存活的联合影响.结果表明,本实验条件下,温度与盐度的一次与二次效应对特定生长率和存活率均有显著影响(P＜0.05),随着温度或盐度的上升,生长与存活均呈先上升后下降的变化.温度与盐度间存在互作效应(P＜0.05),温度为18～20℃时,仔鱼的特定生长率与存活率在盐度为8～9时较高;随着温度上升,27～32℃时,盐度为5～7时较高;高温环境时(35～37℃),盐度在4左右,生长与存活率较高.所考察因子与生长和存活率间的二次多项回归方程的决定系数分别达到0.979 6和0.982 l(P＜0.01),可用于预测罗非鱼的生长与存活率;温度效应对生长的影响较盐度明显,而对存活率的影响则相反.通过对所建立的两个回归方程同时优化,得到2个因子的最佳组合为:温度29.1℃和盐度5.4,在此最佳因子组合下罗非鱼仔鱼的特定生长率与存活率达到最优,分别为10.08％.d-1和91.34％,其可靠性达0.973.建议罗非鱼仔鱼在本研究中得到的最优因子组合下进行培育,以提高生产效率.     

Combined effects of temperature and salinity on development and survival of Atlantic halibut larvae

The effects of different combinations of temperature and salinity on development and survival of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), larvae were studied in two experiments. In the period from 57 to 120 d° post hatching, approximately 38% of the larvae died: in both experiments, mortality was significantly related to temperature, but there was no relationship to salinity.Cumulative, chronic mortality during the yolk-sac stage (until 210 d°) was related to salinity. High mortality was observed in both experiments when high salinity (>34%) was combined with incubation at either high (9 °C) or low (3 °C) temperature. The development of head lesions was significantly related to temperature, and for larvae kept at high salinity, increased mortality may have been a result of salinity stress in the injured larvae.Abnormal development of the caudal notochord, sometimes resulting in a 90-degree bend of the tail, occurred during incubation of early yolk-sac larvae in high-salinity water. The occurrence of larvae with locked jaws, and larvae with oedema in the yolk-sac sinus and pericardium, was significantly related to temperature. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

温度、盐度和pH对双线紫蛤幼贝生长率的联合效应

为探究双线紫蛤(Sanguinolaria diphos)幼贝最适生长条件,采用响应面法研究了温度(24℃、27℃、30℃)、盐度(20、25、30)和p H(7.3±0.03,8.3±0.03,9.3±0.03)对双线紫蛤幼贝日生长率的联合效应。实验结果表明:1)温度对幼贝生长率影响极显著(P0.01),3种生态因子对幼贝生长率影响程度大小顺序是:温度盐度pH;2)通过Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行响应面分析实验,得出双线紫蛤幼贝最适生长环境组合是温度为26.43℃、盐度为25、pH为8.3,理论最佳日生长率为2.90%。经模型验证实验后,得到的日生长率为2.76%。实验验证结果与预测结果较接近,响应面分析法可靠。研究结果为双线紫蛤池塘大面积养殖的推广提供科学参考依据。     

栉孔扇贝的滤食率与同化率

自青岛近海扇贝养殖区取栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暂养2周,壳长达25.01～73.92 mm.实验前停食24 h,实验温度梯度为8、13、18、23、28℃,其间投喂不同密度的小球藻(Chlorella spp.),静态实验.结果显示,栉孔扇贝的滤食率与温度和体重成正比,且与体重呈幂函数关系.在实验的温度范围内栉孔扇贝滤食率为1.07～11.66 mg/(ind