大豆新品种丹豆17

<正>丹豆17(原代号丹2003-89)是丹东农业科学院大豆所利用外引品种中豆32作母本、自选品系丹92025作父本进行有性杂交选育而成。该品种于2015年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为辽审豆2015009,定名为丹豆17。1品种来源及选育经过丹豆17大豆品种原品系号为丹2003-89,由丹东农业科学院于2003年以中豆32为母本、丹92025为父本进行有性杂交,经多年选育而成。2003年配制杂交组合,收获F_0种子25     

外引大豆品种在南方春大豆育种中的作用

应用美国的春大豆品种比松(Beeson)、哈罗索63(Harosoy 63)、索夫400(SRF400)及国内的大豆良种穗稻黄及其选系1138-2、徐豆1号和泰兴黑豆等作亲本,采用春夏大豆进行单交和复式杂交等方法,育成春豆中熟品种宁镇1号和早熟品种宁镇2号,分别比对照增产34.7%和18.5%。种子蛋白质含量44.07%。还育成一批有希望的新品系,     

高异黄酮含量大豆新品种中豆27的选育及配套栽培技术

大豆新品种中豆27(原名中作91K12)是中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所利用高产、抗花叶病毒病品种中豆19号作母本,美国引进材料威廉姆斯(Williams)的近等基因系P.I.L81-4590作父本进行有性杂交,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,对杂种后代的异黄酮含量进行检测及多年辅助选择育成,2000年通过北京市农作物品种审定委员会审定.其突出特点为抗癌物质(异黄酮)含量高、高产、优质(蛋白质、脂肪双高)、抗病、综合性状优异.同时对中豆27的配套栽培技术进行了探讨.     

大豆新品种宝豆6号

宝豆6号是陕西省宝鸡市农业科学研究所以自育品系84S-2-8选1作母本、早熟18号作父本有性杂交选育而成的大豆新品种。经多年多点试验,表现出高产、稳产、品质优良、抗逆性强等特点,适宜在陕西省关中地区夏播及延安以南春播种植。2013年4月通过陕西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号：陕审豆2013002号。     

大豆新品种沧豆4号

沧豆4号 (沧8901 )是河北省沧州市农科院利用品种间杂交选育的含油量较高,中粒大豆新品种,2000年6月通过全国农作物品种审定委员会审定。选育过程　沧豆4号是以中作83 Ｄ50为母本,7510为父本组配的组合,1989年培育F1,1990~1992进行集团混合选育 (F2 ~F4 );1993年品系决选F5,1994年进行品系鉴定试验,1995~1999年历经10项次试验,1998~1999年参加全国大豆区试黄淮中熟组试验。产量表现　1995~1999年10项次试验,总平均单产2626.5kg/hm²……     

河南大豆新品系抗大豆疫霉根腐病基因鉴定

大豆疫霉根腐病作为影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一,对大豆生产威胁很大。种植抗疫霉根腐病的大豆品种是控制该病害最有效的途径。河南省位于我国黄淮夏大豆产区的腹地,具有大豆疫霉根腐病发生的潜在威胁。本研究的目的是对河南省新育成的大豆品系进行抗性鉴定和抗病基因分子标记检测,以明确大豆新品系对大豆疫霉根腐病的抗性水平和抗病基因。采用下胚轴创伤接种法对64个河南省培育的大豆新品系进行接种,鉴定其对2个具有不同毒力的大豆疫霉分离物PsJS2和Ps41-1的抗性。结果显示,对分离物Ps41-1和PsJS2抗病的分别有35个和16个品系,对Ps41-1和PsJS2为中间反应型的分别有16个和10个品系,其中对2个分离物均抗病的有16个品系,占鉴定品系的25%。使用抗疫霉病基因RpsZheng共分离标记WZInDel11进行新品系的基因型鉴定发现,对2个大豆疫霉分离物均抗病的16个品系中有13个含有标记WZInDel11,对1个或2个大豆疫霉分离物表现为中间反应型的5个大豆品系,分子检测结果表明,其为杂合基因型,这些品系中的纯合抗病单株可直接选育成纯合抗病品系用于抗病育种。综合系谱分析结果推测,有2个品系可能含抗疫霉根腐病基因RpsZheng,2个品系可能含RpsYD29,14个品系可能含有RpsZheng或其等位基因。表明河南省培育的大豆新品系中含有优异的大豆疫霉根腐病抗源,该研究结果将为病害防控和抗病品种的选育提供参考。     

南方春大豆育种方法及途径的探讨

通过国内外1800余个春、夏大豆品种研究,筛选出一批具有不同优良性状的育种亲本。在此基础上,采用夏豆×春豆单交,(夏豆×春豆)×(春豆×春豆)复交等手段,创造新的变异类型;改进杂交技术,提高杂交成活率;选择与加代同步,鉴定与繁殖同步,区试与示范栽培同步,提高了育种效率。已育成了适宜南方春大豆多熟制种植的春大豆高产品种宁镇1号和一批优良品系,分别参加国家级和省级区域试验。本文对春大豆育种方法及途径作初步探讨。     

高油高产大豆新品种辽豆13号及栽培技术

辽豆13号(原品系代号:辽89102)是由辽宁省农业科学院科研人员以地理位置较远、类型差异显著、综合性状突出的辽86-5453为母本,用引自美国的优良品种FranKlin作父本,采取有性杂交、系谱选择和定向培育等多种方法,历经12年精心育成的高油高产大豆新品种。该品种是在实施国家攻关课题"高产稳产大豆新品种选育"任务过程中取得的新成果,已通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定,是荣获2010年度全国农牧渔业丰收奖二等奖的"辽豆系列高油大豆品种及     

基于BSA-Seq和RNA-Seq方法鉴定大豆抗豆卷叶螟候选基因

豆卷叶螟(Lamprosema indicata Fabricius)是重要的大豆食叶性害虫,挖掘大豆抗豆卷叶螟相关基因对大豆抗虫品种选育和遗传改良至关重要。本研究用大豆高抗豆卷叶螟材料赶泰-2-2和高感豆卷叶螟材料皖82-178进行杂交构建F2代分离群体,从303个F2代单株中挑选出高抗豆卷叶螟和高感豆卷叶螟的单株各30株,分别构建2个极端性状的DNA混合池用于全基因组重测序以分析控制豆卷叶螟相关的候选基因。结果表明, 4个样本中共有11,963,077个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)标记,根据SNP-index方法关联分析,共有329个基因位于99%置信区间外,这些基因主要集中在7号染色体5,601,065～5,865,237bp区间(总长为0.26Mb)、16号染色体2,975,110～6,336,096bp区间(总长为3.36Mb)、18号染色体44,366,115～54,297,600bp区间(总长为9.93Mb)等区域内。将BSA-Seq结果与转录组测序结果进行联合分析发现,有12个基因相关联;最后,结合生物信息学分析、候选基因的表达模式和基因的同源注释,锁定CNGC4、WRKY16转录因子、AAP7、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、ZPR1B等12个基因为控制豆卷叶螟性状相关的候选基因。本研究结果不仅为解析大豆抗豆卷叶螟的分子机理奠定重要的基础,也将为大豆抗虫基因的克隆奠定坚实的理论基础。     

高产优质多抗大豆新品种豫豆24号

豫豆24号是河南省周口市农科所以高产、优质、多抗为育种目标,采用多亲本轮回选择法育成的大豆新品种。1998年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名,1999年获国家农作物新品种后补助二等奖。1选育过程根据高产、优质、多抗大豆品种的育种目标,1988年选用高产、综合性状较好的大豆品种(系)豫豆15号、泗豆11、周85225等8个优良品种(系)作亲本进行四对杂交,并于同年冬及1989年夏分别在海南及我所将上次杂交所得F0种为F1,又在F1植株上分别进行两次互交。经南繁北育,于1991年对选留株系测产,决选出品系周S03-1。于1993-1994年完成河南省大豆…     

荞麦BTI全长基因的克隆及表达分析

【研究目的】扩增荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor,BTI)基因,并对其表达特性和氨基酸同源性进行分析。【方法】根据荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂氨基酸的保守序列设计简并引物,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,以荞麦cDNA为模板,扩增BTI基因并进行序列及其表达谱分析。【结果】克隆得到了BTI基因。它的cDNA全长为459bp,含有一个216bp的完整阅读框,编码72个氨基酸。同源性分析表明,其蛋白质序列与已报道的荞麦种子提取的BWI-1的氨基酸序列的同源性达96%,与笕属植物ATI、亚麻属植物Luti、马铃薯蛋白酶抑制剂PPI-I的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为65%、59%、48%。RT-PCR分析表明,BTI基因可在不同的组织中进行表达,但经伤害处理后的叶片中其表达量略高于生长各阶段。这可能与逆境情况(如外界损伤)下的应答等生理过程有关。【结论】荞麦BTI基因的获得,可为荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂的基础及应用研究奠定基础。     

抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性及理化性质

以4个抗豆象绿豆品系B18、B20、B24和A22为试材,以感虫绿豆品种晋绿1号为对照,研究了不同绿豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性及其在高温、酸碱及超声波下绿豆的胰蛋白酶抑制剂稳定性。结果表明,4个抗豆象绿豆品种胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性均显著高于对照感虫品种,且均与对照在0.01水平差异极显著,其中B18活性最高,高达70.2TI U g–1,B20和A22活性次之,B24活性最差,但仍高达55.2 TI U g–1。4个抗豆象绿豆品种在不同温度、不同p H和不同振幅超声波下,残余活性均比对照高,且残余活性均随温度升高、温浴时间延长而降低,p H在2~12之间,随p H值的升高,残余活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且p H值为6~8之间残余活性最高,残余活性也随超声波辐射强度升高、时间延长而降低,且4个抗虫品种中B18的耐高温性、耐酸碱性和耐辐射性最强,B20次之,B24的耐高温性、耐酸碱性最差,A22耐辐射性最差,说明在不同温度、p H和超声波处理后,B18、B20是抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂残余活性保存最高的2个品种,应用价值较大。     

四个抗豆象绿豆品种的胰蛋白酶抑制剂稳定性

以4个抗豆象绿豆C6749、C5200、C5193和C5205为试材, 以感豆象绿豆晋绿1号为对照, 测定和研究其胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性在高温高压、变性剂和还原剂处理后的稳定性。结果表明, 4个抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性均高于对照(P<0.01), 且C5200>C5193>C6749>C5205, 在不同高温高压、变性剂和还原剂处理后残余活性均比对照高, 残余活性随温度压力升高、处理时间延长, 变性剂和还原剂处理时间的延长明显下降, 变性剂、还原剂对抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂残余活性的影响表现为: 盐酸胍>尿素, TCEP>DTT>β-ME。4个抗豆象绿豆中C5200的耐高温高压性、耐变性和耐还原性最强, C5193次之; C5205的耐高温高压性、耐变性最差, C6749耐还原性最差。说明4个抗豆象绿豆中C5200和C5193是抗豆象绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂残余活性保存较高的2个品种, 有较大的应用价值。     

Digestive enzyme inhibitors and storage pest resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds

Summary Amylase and trypsin inhibitors are proteins which inhibit digestive enzymes. The loss of the activity of these enzymes produces a reduction of starch and protein digestion. Amylase and trypsin inhibitor activity have been investigated in seeds of 20 cowpea lines in trying to establish their role in the storage pest resistance. A broad variation has been observed for both the inhibitors. Correlation analysis between inhibitor levels and extent of attack has shown that neither amylase nor trypsin inhibitors can separately explain the resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Lines bruchid resistant in fact, have high levels of both inhibitors. Conversely lines with low levels of amylase and trypsin inhibitors are bruchid susceptible. The breeding for high contents of both amylase and trypsin inhibitors can be an effective way to obtain lines with resistance to storage pest.     

The presence or absence of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor as a quantitative trait locus for seed protein content

Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) for various characters have recently been reported in different crop plants. However, information is limited about the molecular mechanisms behind QTL, because most of them have only been detected at a statistical level. Therefore, progeny from a cross between two soybean genotypes segregating for the presence vs. absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, a 21.5 kDa protein, have been analysed for possible effects of that protein on agronomic and seed quality characters. Protein content was reduced by, on average, 4.5 g/kg in segregants lacking the Kunitz protein, whereas oil content and other characters remained unaffected. This finding can be interpreted as a ‘model QTL’ for variation in seed protein content, because the molecular and genetic backgrounds of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor are well understood.     

Marker assisted accelerated introgression of null allele of kunitz trypsin inhibitor in soybean

Development of kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI)-free soybean is crucial for soy-food industry as the heat inactivation employed to inactivate the anti-nutritional factor in regular soybean incurs extra cost and affects protein solubility. In the presented work, a null allele of KTI from PI542044 was introgressed into cultivar ‘JS97-52’ (recurrent parent) through marker assisted backcrossing. Foreground selection in BC₁F₂, BC₂F₂ and BC₃F₂ was carried out using the null allele-specific marker in tandem with SSR marker Satt228, tightly linked with a trypsin inhibitor Ti locus. Background selection in null allele-carrying plants through 106 polymorphic SSR markers across the genome led to the identification of 9 KTI-free lines exhibiting 98.6% average recurrent parent genome content (RPGC) after three backcrosses, which otherwise had required 5–6 backcrosses through conventional method. Introgressed lines (ILs) were free from KTI and yielded at par with recurrent parent. Reduction of 68.8–83.5% in trypsin inhibitor content (TIC) in ILs compared to the recurrent parent (‘JS97-52’) was attributed to the elimination of KTI.     

Purification of a trypsin inhibitor from Cocculus hirsutus and identification of its biological activity

Proteinase inhibitors play a significant role in plant defense against insect pests and phytopathogens by inhibiting their proteases. A thermotolerant monomeric trypsin inhibitor with molecular weight ∼18kD was purified from Cocculus hirsutus (ChTI) using trypsin sepharose affinity column. Western blot analysis using ChTI IgY revealed its presence in vegetative parts and seeds. The second and third instar larvae of H. armigera fed with ChTI (5000TIU/ml) resulted in 84.59 and 58.71% reduction in mean larval weight respectively. An increase in the larval growth period was observed in ChTI fed larvae at all instars and inhibitor fed larvae could not complete their life cycle. ChTI caused 74 and 59.53% inhibition of bovine trypsin and Helicoverpa gut proteases respectively. ChTI exhibited strain specificity and inhibited growth and development of plant fungal pathogens. Bioassay studies on yeast strains indicated that ΔYNK and MNN1 are more sensitive to ChTI. The results suggest that phosphodiester linkage in cell wall components is likely to be the key determinants for binding of ChTI. Taken together, these studies indicate that ChTI is a potential candidate for development of transgenic plants against foliar diseases and insect pests.     

日本野生大豆中的一个Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂变异的纯化与活性测定

大豆Ｋｕｎｉｔｚ型胰蛋白抑制剂现已报告有６个电泳形态,Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ,Ｔｉｃ,Ｔｉａ－ｓ,Ｔｉｂ－ｆ一一个最慢的电泳移动形态。Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ,Ｔｉｃ的活性已被报道。Ｔｉａ和Ｔｉｃ有相似的活性,Ｔｉｂ的活性低于前两者。本文使用ＤＥＡＥ－ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ层析化纯化了Ｔｉａ和Ｔｉａ－ｓ蛋白和测定比较了这两个形态的活性。     

Proteinase inhibitor polymorphism in the genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis and its biosystematic implications

The diversity of components for fourproteinase inhibitors found in species ofthe genus Vigna subgenus Ceratotropis are described. Trypsin,chymotrypsin, subtilisin and cysteineproteinase inhibitors were analyzedby isoelectric focusing followed by thegelatin replica method. Of these proteinaseinhibitors, trypsin inhibitors showedmost polymorphism both within and betweenspecies. Many trypsin inhibitor componentswere also active to chymotrypsin. Severalaccessions had very low levels or absenceof some inhibitors, such as very low levelsof trypsin inhibitor in two accessions ofthe V. tenuicaulis and absence ofchymotrypsin inhibitors in V.grandiflora and V. subramaniana.Proteinase inhibitor polymorphism broadlyagreed with the taxonomic system for thesubgenus Ceratotropis. Based oninhibitor variation species analyzed couldbe divided into three groups whichcorresponding to sections Aconitifoliae, Angulares and Ceratotropis. Some species have verylittle variation in trypsin inhibitorsdespite wide distribution, such as, V.radiata and V. reflexo-pilosa.Accessions of other species showedconsiderable intraspecific variation fortrypsin inhibitors, such as, V.grandiflora, V. aconitifolia andV. stipulacea. Proteinase inhibitorpolymorphism provides an indication of thespecies that may have contributed a genometo the tetraploid species, V. reflexo-pilosa.     

等电点电泳证实日本野生大豆中的一个Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂新变异

电泳测定了日本２５个县２２４个野生大豆的种胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ＳＫＴＩ）变异性。利用等电点电泳证实一个新的ＳＫＴＩ变异体,它比典型Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ和Ｔｉｃ类型具有较高的等电点。这个变异体收集于日本的三重县津市的一个群体。经过两年的种植和比较测定表明它具有遗传稳定性,证明是一个新的遗传变异体。