小麦秸秆与菇渣混合基质对辣椒秧苗质量的影响

采用腐熟小麦秸秆和食用菌菇渣为原料,组成7种复合基质进行辣椒穴盘育苗。结果表明:处理T2即腐熟小麦秸秆∶菇渣=3∶1(体积比)为辣椒育苗的最佳配比基质,该基质中辣椒幼苗的植株性状、干重及根系均显著好于草炭和珍珠岩(体积比1∶1),适宜作为穴盘育苗基质。     

基于有机物料高效利用的非草炭型果菜育苗基质配方比较试验

针对蔬菜育苗基质需要量迅速增加的现状,有效降低育苗基质成本,提高幼苗品质。以玉米秸秆、腐熟牛粪、稻壳、菇渣及炉渣5种常见有机物料作为主要原料,设计了6种基质配方,以商品育苗基质作为对照(CK),以育苗效果相关指标为依据,分别进行了黄瓜、番茄育苗试验,对不同配方基质进行比较试验,以期配出能够替代现有草炭依赖型育苗基质的适宜配方,以实现有机物料在蔬菜产业中的生态利用。结果表明:T4配方基质(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶30∶30∶20),能够满足黄瓜育苗要求,T3(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=25∶25∶25∶25)和T5(玉米秸秆∶腐熟牛粪∶稻壳∶炉渣=20∶20∶40∶20)2种配方基质适于番茄育苗应用。     

不同配比基质对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响

试验以腐熟的玉米秸秆、牛粪、草炭、蛭石为原料,按照不同比例配制出6种基质,以辣椒为试验材料进行穴盘育苗。依据不同基质的理化性质以及幼苗生长与生理指标进行综合分析。结果表明,不同配比基质对辣椒幼苗生长和生理指标的影响存在显著差异,其中以处理T5(牛粪∶秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石=5∶1∶2∶2,体积比)在基质理化性状以及幼苗生长与生理指标上均优于其他处理,与对照(草炭∶蛭石=2∶1,体积比)相当,该处理降低草炭用量46.7%。     

腐熟牛粪、菌糠在黄瓜育苗上的应用效果研究

以黄瓜为试材，将腐熟牛粪、菌糠作为主要基质原材料，采用添加不同体积的草炭和蛭石进行基质复配的方法开展黄瓜育苗试验，研究了不同配比基质的理化性质及其对黄瓜育苗效果的影响，以期筛选适宜黄瓜育苗的基质配方，为腐熟牛粪、菌糠等废弃物的基质化利用提供参考依据。结果表明：与对照相比，草蛭∶腐熟牛粪∶菌糠=70∶10∶20配比基质理化性状适宜，出苗率达98.67%,整齐度最高，可显著提高黄瓜幼苗茎粗、叶面积，地上干质量和地下干质量均为最大，分别达0.19 g和0.02 g,幼苗综合评价指数最高，达0.914 6,综合表现最优。可推荐草蛭∶腐熟牛粪∶菌糠=70∶10∶20配比基质作为黄瓜育苗基质使用。     

非草炭依赖型甜椒育苗基质筛选

以"中椒七号"甜椒为试材,以商品草炭基质为对照,研究了以腐熟玉米秸秆、菌糠、沼渣和蛭石为组分的20种不含草炭配方基质对甜椒幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:菌糠∶沼渣∶蛭石=1∶2∶1(体积比)基质培育的幼苗在株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干鲜重、地下部干鲜重、壮苗指数以及叶绿素含量、光合速率和根系活力等方面与商品草炭基质无显著差异,在集约化育苗中可作为草炭基质的替代品。     

小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响

为了充分利用农业废弃物小麦秸秆,进行草炭替代性育苗基质原料的研发,实现农业资源循环化利用和生态可持续发展。以番茄‘毛粉802’为材料,通过小麦秸秆腐熟物、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩4种基质原料及1种生物菌肥进行不同体积配比处理,研究不同配比的小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长指标、叶片色素及荧光指标、幼苗叶片理化性质指标、基质生物指标和理化性质的影响,探究适合番茄幼苗生长的小麦秸秆复合育苗基质配方。利用灰色关联法对19项指标进行综合分析。结果表明,V腐熟小麦秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩∶V生物菌肥=6∶2.5∶1∶0.5番茄幼苗表现最好,而番茄幼苗在纯小麦秸秆腐熟物上的生长量远远低于其他处理,番茄幼苗的表现最差。     

浅谈汉滨区蔬菜产业化发展思路与对策

试验以自制和市售育苗基质为栽培基质,采用定期浇灌营养液的方式来栽培番茄,研究了不同栽培基质对其植株长势、果实品质及产量的影响.结果表明：同等浇灌条件下,体积比草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1栽培基质有利于植株生长,但对叶片叶绿素含量无明显影响,单果质量和单株平均产量均最高;糖酸比由高到低的顺序为：草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1＞3∶1∶1＞市售育苗基质;维生素C含量由大到小的顺序为草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1＞2∶1∶1＞市售育苗基质.综合3种栽培基质对番茄植株生长、果实品质和产量等指标的影响,草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=2∶1∶1为番茄基质栽培的最优组合.     

利用花生壳替代基质培育番茄穴盘苗的研究

以常用的草炭、珍珠岩育苗基质为对照,研究了3种花生壳替代基质配方的理化性质、对番茄幼苗生长的影响,从而筛选出可部分替代草炭的基质配方。试验结果表明,配方T1(草炭∶珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)的混合基质,具有容重小、孔隙度大的特点,且其盐浓度、pH值均在番茄幼苗生长的适宜范围内,其培育的番茄穴盘苗的形态指标和生理指标均与对照(草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1)的无显著差异,而配方T2(草炭∶蛭石∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)、T3(珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶2)的混合基质的育苗效果不如对照,因此可利用花生壳代替部分草炭培育番茄穴盘壮苗,其中以T1(草炭∶珍珠岩∶花生壳=1∶1∶1)的配方为最优。     

辣椒穴盘育苗中椰糠替代草炭的效果分析

草炭是短期内不可再生资源,而椰糠作为栽培基质可实现园林废弃物的资源化再利用,为探索椰糠替代草炭用于辣椒穴盘育苗的可能性,采用草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩和椰糠作为育苗基质原料,复合基质中保持20%珍珠岩和20%蛭石（体积比）不变的条件下,以草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩为3∶1∶1常用复合基质作为对照组,设计7种育苗基质组合,研究不同比例椰糠替代草炭对辣椒穴盘苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明：复合基质中椰糠替代草炭的处理对辣椒苗期生长指标、干鲜质量和SPAD值影响不尽相同,其中与对照相比,以椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1（体积比）处理效果最佳,不但促进了辣椒幼苗的生长,显著增加了株高、茎粗,而且能显著提高辣椒全株干、鲜质量,辣椒的壮苗指数高于对照,但壮苗指数、SPAD值均与对照无显著差异。综上所述,育苗基质中椰糠替代草炭能够有效改善辣椒幼苗质量,且椰糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=3∶1∶1（体积比）为最佳辣椒育苗基质组合,说明椰糠可以全部代替草炭用于辣椒穴盘育苗。     

平菇菌糠基质在番茄、甜椒育苗上的应用研究

为筛选出适合番茄、甜椒育苗的基质配方,以腐熟的平菇菌糠、蚯蚓粪、蛭石、珍珠岩为原料,进行番茄、甜椒育苗试验,通过不同基质配比试验,比较出芽率、出苗率、幼苗生长状况等指标,结果表明:番茄、甜椒育苗基质以M_4(菌糠∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6.5∶1.5∶1.0∶1.0)育苗效果最好,最接近以草炭土为原料的商品育苗基质,其次是M_5(菌糠∶蚯蚓粪∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6.0∶2.0∶1.0∶1.0)。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.