Antimicrobial activity of Eupatorium ayapana

Petroleum ether and methanolic extracts of leaves of Eupatorium ayapana were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The petroleum ether extract showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the methanolic extract.     

大戟狼毒不同部位提取物对朱砂叶螨的触杀活性

研究大戟狼毒不同部位不同溶剂提取物对朱砂叶螨的生物活性。结果表明:大戟狼毒根石油醚提取物杀螨活性高于根的其他溶剂和茎、叶不同溶剂提取物。该提取物对朱砂叶螨雌成螨有较高的触杀活性,质量浓度为1mg·mL-1时,24h后雌成螨的校正死亡率达到52.73%,对卵的效果相对较差,质量浓度为4mg·mL-1时卵的校正死亡率为55.21%。进一步对大戟狼毒根石油醚提取物进行萃取分离及生物活性跟踪测定发现:萃取物中石油醚相的活性明显大于氯仿相和甲醇相;对石油醚萃取物的柱层析分离最终得到16个流分,其中以第11个流分杀螨效果最好,质量浓度为1mg·mL-1时,24h后雌成螨的校正死亡率达到86.67%,质量浓度为4mg·mL-1时卵的校正死亡率为66.33%。     

Antibacterial activity of Mappia foetida leaves and stem

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Mappia foetida leaves and stem were tested for their antibacterial activity. The methanol fractions were found to be most effective against all the tested organisms.     

Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Punica granatum were tested (in vitro) for their antibacterial activity. The methanolic extract was found to be most effective against all tested microorganisms.     

Antimicrobial activity of Newtonia hildebrandtii

Successive petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Newtonia hildebrandtii stem bark were tested in vitro for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective against the tested pathogens.     

Antibacterial activity of Salacia beddomei

Leaves and stems of Salacia beddomei were extracted successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform and tested for their antibacterial activity. Ethyl acetate extracts were found to be most effective against all the tested organisms.     

Phytochemical and antimicrobial study of Chukrasia tabularis leaves

Successive petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Chukrasia tabularis leaves were tested for their phytochemical constituents, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were found to be most effective against most of the tested organisms.     

Antimicrobial activity of Amomum cannicarpum

The petroleum ether and methanol extracts of rhizomes of Amomum cannicarpum exhibited moderate inhibiting activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. None of the extractives was active against the tested moulds.     

Antimicrobial activity of Memecylon malabaricum leaves

The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Memecylon malabaricum leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity. Only methanol extract has shown activity against bacteria both Gram (+) and Gram (-), and fungi.     

Mast cell stabilising activity of Bacopa monnieri

Successive petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Bacopa monnieri were tested (in vitro) for mast cell stabilising effect. The methanolic fraction exhibited potent activity comparable to disodium cromoglycate, a known mast cell stabiliser.     

Antimicrobial activity of Hedychium spicatum

Extracts from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Essential oil, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures.     

Molluscicidal activity against Oncomelania hupensis of Ginkgo biloba

In search for molluscicidal active components, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water extracts from Ginkgo sarcotesta were evaluated against the snail Oncomelania hupensis. The bioassay-oriented showed that the activity concentrates in the petroleum ether extract (LD(50) 7.81 ppm). Ginkgolic acids, isolated from the petroleum ether extract, exhibited strong molluscicidal activity (LD(50) 1.49 ppm), gingkgolic acid C15:1 having the strongest molluscicidal activity.     

山核桃外果皮中的抑菌活性成分

用不同溶剂对山核桃外果皮甲醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相,以番茄早疫病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌等5种病菌进行抑菌活性试验.结果表明:正丁醇相抑菌活性最强,氯仿相和石油醚相次之,乙酸乙酯相最弱.对氯仿相进行初步分离,得到7个单体化合物:乔松酮,黄卡瓦胡椒素,5-羟基-4',7-二甲氧基黄酮,5-羟基-2-甲氧基-1,4-萘醌,5-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基黄烷酮,乔松素,β-谷甾醇,均为首次从山核桃中分离得到,它们对玉米大斑病菌和水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用.     

杨树枝条韧皮部提取液对光肩星天牛羧酸酯酶的影响

分别用石油醚和甲醇浸提8种杨树枝条韧皮部，测定提取液对光肩星天牛幼虫羧酸酯酶活力的影响。试验表明：新疆杨石油醚提取液的影响与加拿大杨这间存在显著差异；新疆杨甲醇提取液的影响与毛白杨、山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，J－杨、加拿大杨与山海关杨、I－214杨、北京杨之间，存在显著差异。     

Constituents and cytotoxicity of Zanthoxylum rhesta stem bark

3,5-Dimethoxy-4-geranyloxycinnamyl alcohol (1), 8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine (2), xanthyletin and sesamin have been isolated from petroleum ether extract of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhesta. The petroleum ether extract and 8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine showed cytotoxicity on brine shrimp nauplii.     

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Cyperus rotundus

The methanol extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizome, given orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w., showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in castor oil induced diarrhoea in mice. Among the fractions, tested at 250 mg/kg, the petroleum ether fraction (PEF) and residual methanol fraction (RMF) were found to retain the activity, the latter being more active as compared to the control. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) did not show any antidiarrhoeal activity.     

Constituents and cytotoxicity of Zanthoxylum rhesta stem bark

3,5-Dimethoxy-4-geranyloxycinnamyl alcohol (1), 8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine (2), xanthyletin and sesamin have been isolated from petroleum ether extract of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhesta. The petroleum ether extract and 8-methoxy-N-methylflindersine showed cytotoxicity on brine shrimp nauplii.     

Antidiabetic potential of Phyllanthus reticulatus in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

The plant Phyllanthus reticulatus is claimed to have antidiabetic activity in tribal area. To validate the tribal claim, the petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of leaves of the P. reticulatus were orally tested at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for hypoglycemic effect in alloxan induces diabetic mice. It shows antidiabetic activity at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. The phytochemical screening of the residues revealed the presence of terpenoids glycosides, protein, carbohydrates and absence of alkaloids and steroids.     

Effect of Aerva lanata on solid tumor induced by DLA cells in mice

Aerva lanata whole plant was extracted with petroleum ether, methanol and acetone. The partially TLC-purified fraction (PEF) of petroleum ether extract was proved to be cytotoxic to Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascites (EA) and B16F10 cell lines in vitro. Since PEF was found to be more cytotoxic to DLA cell lines, it was used to study the pharmacological effect and its potential to reduce solid tumor induced by DLA cell lines in mice. The result indicated that PEF significantly reduced the development of solid tumor in mice.     

欧亚旋覆花提取物对朱砂叶螨生物活性及其体内几种酶活性的影响

植食性害螨是危害农业生产的一个重要生物类群,我国每年用于主要作物的杀螨剂费用约90多亿元(师光禄等,1994)。朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)是其中一个重要的种类,可危害粮、棉、油、林木、果树等43科146种植物(李连昌等,