大豆三类优品质新种质的创新

依据遗传距离远的亲本杂交后代出现优异材料几率大的原理及遗传学上性状互补的原理，选用国内综合性状优异的推广品种作母本，国外引进的缺失脂肪氧化酶（Ｌｏｘ）、缺失胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ＳＫＴＩ）的优质种质材料作父本进行杂交，首次将改进的ＳＫＴＩ、Ｌｏｘ和ＩＦ生化标记检测技术与大豆品质育种相结合，准确地进行了大豆品质的多隐性质量性状和数量性状基因的跟踪和辅助选择，在国内外首次创造出一批缺失ＳＫＴＩ、缺失Ｌｏｘ、ＳＫＴＩ和Ｌｏｘ双缺及高异黄酮（ＩＦ）含量的特异优质大豆新种质。     

利用等电点聚焦电泳分离的种子蛋白的印渍来鉴定品种

品种鉴定能确保种子生产者和购买者种子的纯度。传统的方法主要是依靠大田表现出的形态特征来鉴定品种纯度,这些特征的表现通常受环境和管理经验的影响,用这些特征来鉴定品种是不可靠的。随着大量新品种的涌现,并且这些新品种缺乏新的特征来鉴定,增加了人们对品种纯度测定新方法研究的兴趣。其中最有希望的方法之一便是种子蛋白质的电泳。本文研究了在非变性等电点聚焦电泳凝胶上分离种子蛋白来鉴定品种的新途径。将这些电泳分离出的种子蛋白吸咐在可移动的膜上,形成印渍,一次电泳可进行多个酶的染色分析。例如,应用本方法,一次电泳,大豆种子可以进行苹果酸酶、硫辛酰胺脱氢酶和脂酶的分析,燕麦可以进行酯酶、过氧化物和总蛋白的分析,对小麦而言,一次可以显示出76个样品中种子麦醇溶蛋白的特征。这个技术和现在的淀粉凝胶电泳系统相比具有比较经济,且可以保持聚丙烯酰胺凝胶清晰度好的特点。因为等电点聚焦凝胶是在分子电荷基础上分离蛋白质的,所以用这种技术来鉴定品种弥补了现行以分子大小和电荷密度来电泳分离蛋白鉴定品种上的不足。利用等电点聚焦电泳分离的种子蛋白的印渍来鉴定品种纯度是一种经济且有效的。     

日本野生大豆中的一个Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂变异的纯化与活性测定

大豆Ｋｕｎｉｔｚ型胰蛋白抑制剂现已报告有６个电泳形态,Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ,Ｔｉｃ,Ｔｉａ－ｓ,Ｔｉｂ－ｆ一一个最慢的电泳移动形态。Ｔｉａ,Ｔｉｂ,Ｔｉｃ的活性已被报道。Ｔｉａ和Ｔｉｃ有相似的活性,Ｔｉｂ的活性低于前两者。本文使用ＤＥＡＥ－ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ层析化纯化了Ｔｉａ和Ｔｉａ－ｓ蛋白和测定比较了这两个形态的活性。     

与大白菜耐热性相关的葡萄糖磷酸变位酶的分离和纯化

依次经过抽提、分步硫酸铵沉淀、二乙氨乙基纤维素（ＤＥＡＥ－Ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ）柱层析,以及聚丙烯酰胺自然胶制备电脉（Ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｖｅ ＰＡＧＥ）等分离步骤,从耍热性较强的“白阳”大白菜品种的黄化种苗中,分离和纯化了与耐热性密切相关的一个葡萄糖磷酸变位酶（ＰＧＭ）同工酶。通过ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳,纯化的酶样品在２９ＫＤ处呈现一个显著条带。推测此酶为细胞质来源。我们还同时纯化了与耐热性无关的另一     

江淮丘陵棉区棉花生产计算机管理决策系统(AHCCE)的研究 Ⅰ 基本思路与总体设计

ＡＨＣＣＥ（ＡＮＨＵＩＣＯＴＴＯＮＣＵＬＴＩＶＡＴＩＯＮＥＸＰＥＲＴＳＹＳＴＥＭ：ＣｏｔｏｎＰｒｏｄｕｃ－ｔｉｏｎＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＤｅｃｉｓｉｏｎＳｙｓｔｅｍｏｆＡｎｈｕｉＪｉａｎｇｈｕａｉｈｉｌｃｏｔｏｎｒｉｇｉｏｎ）是一个基于作物模拟模型的专家系统，它由数据库、知识库、模拟模型、推理机和数据及知识获取系统等部分组成。本文评述了建立ＡＨＣＣＥ的基本思路和步骤。     

茄子抗冷细胞变异体的RAPD分析及自交一代株系的抗冷性鉴定

以茄子品系E－9903花药低温胁迫培养获得的抗冷细菌变异体为试材，用SDS方法从茄子幼嫩叶片提取DNA，选用40个长度为10个碱基的寡聚核苷酸（OPK01－OPK20，OPJ01－OPJ20）作为RAPD引物进行PCR扩增反应，并测定抗冷细胞变异体自交一代株系的冷害指数。结果表明：以OPK12为PCR反应引物时RAPD扩增谱带在抗冷性植株与同品系的对照株之间存在多态性差异，抗冷细胞变异体自交一代株系的冷害指数显著低于同品系的对照。     

小麦未熟胚离体培养的研究—再生植株后代籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白亚？…

采用ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和半微量凯氏定氮法，对在形态学特征和穗部产量构成因子已稳定的小麦胚培无性系ＩＥ５代醇溶蛋白，谷蛋白亚基和蛋白质含量进行测定和分析的研究。结果表明，小麦籽粒胚乳醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白电泳谱带发生较大变化，出现三种变异类型；（１）增加新谱带；（２）亲本原有特异性谱带缺失；３）亲本原有特异性变带强度改变，高分子量和低分子量蛋白亚基发生变化，籽粒蛋白质含量出现范围较广（９．７５％     

巴斯夫宣布它又开发出两个农药新分子

巴斯夫农业部门宣布它又成功地开发出两个新的农药活性分子,其中一个是新杀虫剂,它已接近投放市场,另一个是用于玉米和大豆的新的选择性除草剂,它将在今后5年内投放市场。BASF已作出在北美、西中欧、巴西和日本高价的农业市场上直销的决定,它大约占BASF整个作物保护产品业务的8     

葡萄A病毒外壳蛋白基因克隆及分子变异分析

为获得葡萄A病毒(Grapevine virus A,GVA)外壳蛋白(CP)基因,并为开展GVA-CP介导的抗病毒转基因研究提供基础,本研究从葡萄休眠枝条中扩增获得12个GVA分离物的CP基因序列,全长597nt,编码198个氨基酸。所得分离物间核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为83.9%~99.8%和92.4%~99.5%,与GenBank中12个GVA CP序列比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为71.0%~93.1%和81.8%~98.0%。系统进化分析表明,本研究12个分离物CP序列与已报道的GVA Ⅰ组亲缘关系最近。种群变异分析表明,GVA种群具有多种变异体类型,并且多个样品存在不同变异体类型的复合侵染。但绝大多数变异体克隆聚集在GVA Ⅰ组分支,有60%的克隆序列间同源性较高,并且聚集在同一个次级分支Ⅰ Aa,表明其为该GVA种群的优势序列。克隆的GVA CP基因以及优势序列群体的分析为葡萄抗病毒转基因研究奠定了基础。     

用电泳法进行品种纯度鉴定中的统计学问题

近年来,电泳做为一种分析手段已被越来越多地在种子科学各领城中得以应用。电泳法在植物品种鉴定中所显示出的快速、准确等一些优点也得到了许多人的赞赏。一些种子检验部门目前已开始应用电泳方法进行品种鉴定,并积极推荐将其列入有关检验规程作为标准的检验方法。但是,做为品种鉴定的一种手段,电泳法还存在着一些不足。这些不足包括:①电泳生物型与农学品种间的统一问题,也即,一个具不同电泳谱型的材料是否就可以被认为是一个农学意义上的品种?②电泳测定时所需的样本容量问题。对第一个不足,因其涉及到的方面太广,我们不拟在此进行讨论。对第二个不足,我们拟从统计学上详细讨论一下。     

Assisted Selection by Specific DNA Markers for Genetic Elimination of the Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor and Lectin in Soybean Seeds

Summary The antinutritional factors found in soybean, lectin (SBL) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI), are usually inactivated by heat treatment. However, residual activity of these factors can be found in several types of soy-derived products. Heat treatment does not completely eliminate these factors, and in addition it may considerably decrease protein solubility. The genetic elimination of these antinutritional factors could be an alternative to the heat treatment. This study aimed to develop soybean lines devoid of SKTI and SBL in their seeds. The population under study was obtained by crossing the normal cv. Monarca with a soybean line lacking SKTI and SBL. Specific DNA primers were designed for the identification of the recessive alleles that condition the absence of SKTI and SBL. F₂ seeds presenting the DNA markers that identify the recessive alleles were selected and the corresponding F₂ plants were backcrossed with the recurrent parent (‘Monarca’), producing the BC₁F₁ generation. The F₂ generation was analyzed by SDS-PAGE in order to confirm the genotypes of the F₂ selected. The segregation tests confirmed that these traits are governed by two genes that segregate independently.     

SSR marker tightly linked to the Ti locus in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Soybean is a major source of protein meal in the world. Soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) protein is a responsible for the inferior nutritional quality of unheated or incompletely heated soybean meal. The primary objective of this research was to identify DNA markers linked to the Ti locus controlling presence and absence of kunitz trypsin inhibitor protein. Two mapping populations were developed. Population 1 was derived from a cross between cultivar Jinpumkong2 (TiTi) and C242 (titi). Population 2 was made from a mating between cultivar Clark (TiTi) and C242. The F₁ plants were grown in the greenhouse to produce F₂ seeds. Each F₂ seed from F₁ plants was analyzed electrophoretically to determine the presence of the SKTI protein band. One-thousand RAPD primers, 342 AFLP primer sets, and 35 SSR primers were used to map Ti locus in population 1 and 2. The presence of SKTI protein was dominant to the lack of a SKTI protein and kunitz trypsin inhibit protein band was controlled by a single locus. Twelve DNA markers (4 RAPD, 4 AFLP, and 3 SSR) and Ti locus were found to be genetically linked in population 1 consisted with 94 F₂ individual plants. Three SSR markers (Satt409, Satt228, and Satt429) were linked with Ti locus within 10 cM. Satt228 marker was tightly linked with Ti locus. Satt228 marker was tightly linked within 0–3.7 cM of the Ti locus and may be useful in a marker assisted selection program.     

The presence or absence of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor as a quantitative trait locus for seed protein content

Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) for various characters have recently been reported in different crop plants. However, information is limited about the molecular mechanisms behind QTL, because most of them have only been detected at a statistical level. Therefore, progeny from a cross between two soybean genotypes segregating for the presence vs. absence of the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, a 21.5 kDa protein, have been analysed for possible effects of that protein on agronomic and seed quality characters. Protein content was reduced by, on average, 4.5 g/kg in segregants lacking the Kunitz protein, whereas oil content and other characters remained unaffected. This finding can be interpreted as a ‘model QTL’ for variation in seed protein content, because the molecular and genetic backgrounds of the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor are well understood.     

大豆开花逆转现象的发现

晚熟大豆品种自贡冬豆出苗后进行８～１０ｄ短日照（１２ｈ）处理,尔后置长日照（〉１５ｈ）下,可诱导顶端花序的产生,但花序上的上部因短日照后进行的长光照处理而形成茎,花序中部少数花芽原基因转而分化营养芽。这是长光照诱导的花序逆转和花逆转现象在大豆中的首次发现,已经短日诱导正常开花的自贡冬豆植株转移至长日照下时,原有花荚大部分脱落,不定芽大量发生,恢复到以营养生长为主的状态,本文就此种现象称为整株逆转（     

Breeding and characterization of soybean Triple Null; a stack of recessive alleles of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor,Soybean Agglutinin,and P34 allergen nulls

Soybean (Glycine max) seeds contain bioactive proteins with antinutritional and immunological properties that affect metabolism and assimilation of nutrients. The presence of antinutritional proteins requires soybeans to be heat‐treated resulting in input energy costs. Nulls for bioactive seed proteins have been previously isolated from the USDA soybean collection, including Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (TI), soybean agglutinin (LE) and immunodominant soybean allergen P34 protein. Each of these nulls has the potential to partially address the concerns of soybean feed/food consumption. A stack of recessive nulls of TI, LE and P34 was created in a cv ‘Williams 82’ background termed ‘Triple Null’. Triple Null has a slight reduction of total protein compared with ‘Williams 82’ corresponding to aggregate contribution of TI, LE and P34 in the seed proteome. Triple Null's proteome analysis revealed P34 and TI nulls are frame‐shift mutants able to accumulate small amounts of authentic P34 and TI proteins. Triple Null has possible application as a conventional feed/food source and for immunotherapy to mitigate soybean allergenic response.     

微卫星序列的长度多态性及在大豆研究中的应用

微卫星序列广泛存在于真核生物基因组中,不同的物种中微卫星序列的含量以及占优势的微卫星序列类型各不相同。微卫星序列在复制过程中易于发生长度突变,在进化过程中,微卫星序列的长度变化维持在一定的范围内。由于微卫星标记多态性高、重复性好,操作简单,因此在大豆遗传多样性、大豆遗传图谱构建、大豆QTL以及分子标记辅助育种研究等领域中都有着重要的应用价值。     

发展高端大豆产品应对国际大豆危机

当前,国际市场对大豆价格的操控及我国大豆生产现状使我国大豆产业陷入危机。本文通过分析我国大豆产业的发展和现状,结合国内外大豆消费市场需求,提出通过利用国产非转基因大豆发展无公害、绿色高端大豆产品来发展我国大豆产业,摆脱产业危机的思路,并对其发展策略进行了系统分析。     

大豆新种质对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性鉴定

１９９６～２０００年,采用病圃自然感病鉴定法,对我国７省５１８份大豆新种质资源进行了抗大豆孢囊线虫４号生理小种的鉴定研究,筛选出３个新的抗病品种。这些抗病品种均来自山西,种皮为黑色,每株平均孢囊数在０．２～０．６之间,孢囊指数为０．４～０．６,抗性强而稳定,可供抗病育种利用。     

大豆Soja亚属内种子大小的遗传差异及半野生类型分类归属

Soja亚属包括野生、半野生和栽培大豆三种类型,其中半野生型变异丰富,与野生和栽培大豆形态重叠。然而半野生大豆是属于野生种内还是栽培种的变异类型还存在争议。本研究使用421份包括两组野生大豆百粒重类型、三组半野生大豆百粒重类型和小粒秣食豆类型大豆地方品种对Soja亚属内进行了SSR标记的遗传多样性差异评价和对半野生大豆的分类地位归属问题进行了分析。结果显示,小粒组野生大豆(2.5g以下)和大粒组(2.5~3.0g)有明显的分化。大粒野生大豆和小粒半野生大豆(3.01~5.0g)遗传关系密切,百粒重5.01~10.0g和超过10.0g的半野生大豆组遗传关系密切。大粒野生大豆在遗传上与半野生大豆类型密切。从小粒野生大豆到大粒半野生大豆各类型的遗传分化与它们的百粒重大小有密切关联,即使与小粒秣食豆的百粒重相重叠甚至超过小粒秣食豆的半野生大豆都与小粒栽培大豆有显著的遗传差异。我们所获得的结果清楚地表明:半野生大豆属于野生种内的变异而非栽培种内变异。百粒重大小可以当作评价野生大豆物种内的遗传分化或进化程度的主要指标之一有其遗传上的理论依据。