美丽乡村建设策略研究——以那柯里村落为例

美丽乡村建设的提出为众多的乡村发展提供了契机。那柯里作为历史上茶马古道的一个重要驿站,村落的发展与茶马道路有着密切联系。随着时代变迁,那柯里村落仍然具有优美的自然风景、浓郁的乡土文化、古朴的茶马文化、丰富的地域民族文化、多元的产业文化等发展优势,但在村落发展建设中仍存在村落旅游资源单一、景观资源利用不足、服务设施未完善等问题。针对那柯里村落发展优势及存在问题提出了深度挖掘乡村景观资源、完善乡村旅游环境、统一乡村风貌、注重乡村产业发展、注重乡村内涵提升等发展对策,以期为相似村落发展及美丽乡村建设提供参考。     

生态旅游背景下盐城乡村景观格局变迁与优化策略探析

指出了生态旅游是以可持续发展为理念,以保护乡村环境为前提,实现环境、经济与社会三方利益共赢的旅游活动。针对盐城乡村景观在生态旅游背景下格局的变迁现状,在生态文明的视角下,从生态肌理、乡村空间格局和人类低碳行为3方面提出了乡村景观优化策略,以期为乡村景观的更新建设提供新思路。     

社会记忆视角下连州保安村民俗文化景观特色营造

乡村民俗文化景观是社会记忆传承的重要途径,承载了乡村生活、生产、文化实践等社会记忆活动。社会记忆视角乡村民俗文化景观营造研究对增强乡村文化的地方认同,维系良好的乡土社会秩序,实现乡村特色化发展具有重要意义。以粤北地区连州市保安村为例,在调研访谈的基础上,从山水记忆、建筑记忆、民俗记忆 3 方面分析乡村民俗文化景观特质。随着社会的变迁,保安村面临山水记忆意象片段化、建筑记忆空间特色趋同化、民俗记忆传承面临危机等问题。据此,提出以保安村社会记忆载体形成“营造、传承、促进”的内生机制,构建生态记忆、生活记忆和生长记忆的社会记忆体系,营造特色化乡村民俗文化景观的实施策略。     

珠三角地区乡村林业的变迁及其对林权改革的影响

以广东省珠三角地区中山市三乡、南区和五桂山为调查点,采用召开社区村民会议、绘制社区土地资源利用图和横断面图等方法,调查了乡村林业发展、制度变迁与林权改革的现状。并对村民的参与性在林权改革中的地位和作用进行了分析,提出珠江三角洲地区的林权改革存在的问题与推进改革的政策建议。     

基于景村协同的藏族聚落景观再生与发展

景村关系一直是我国风景名胜区普遍存在的焦点问题,近年来,旅游业的快速发展在一定程度上加速了风景区内乡村聚落的变迁。文章以达古冰川风景名胜区内的三达古藏族村寨为例,分析村寨与景区内冰川环境相融相依形成的高山牧场聚落体系及其聚落景观特征,探究景村关系的变化过程及新聚落的景观再生途径;基于旅游发展后新的景村协同关系的构建,从原有聚落保护利用、新聚落文化空间再生、民族社区参与等方面提出风景名胜区内藏族乡村聚落的景观再生与发展策略。     

田园诗词视域下的古代乡村声景变迁及审美意象研究

声景是风景资源的重要组成部分,目前从风景园林角度对于乡村声景的研究程度远远不够,对于中国古代乡村中所创造的诗情画意的听觉审美和意境还缺少系统的整理与分析。文章采用文献分析法选取了各个时期328篇描写乡村山水田园题材的诗词歌赋为核心文本,从历史声景声源类型、历史声景变迁、声景意象分类及意境分析、乡村声景的营造启示等角度进行归纳分析,发掘古代声景感知及人文内涵,为现代的乡村声景观设计、营造有效唤醒乡愁记忆的声景场景提供参考和借鉴。     

乡村林业及农林复合经营的探讨

回顾了乡村林业的产生和发展,分析了农林复合经营的定义和发展,从乡村林业的主要技术形式、解决特殊土地的最优利用、促进乡村综合发展、促进乡村社会深层次变革等4方面阐明了农林复合经营在乡村林业中的重要作用。     

乡村林业的发展及其意义

乡村林业(或称社会林业) 是发展中国家发展林业的一种重要模式.文章介绍了一些发展中国家在施行乡村林业方面所做的努力及取得的成效.中国发展乡村林业历史悠久, 文章通过介绍几种典型的乡村林业模式, 论述了中国乡村林业的发展概况.作者认为, 中国的乡村林业实践已取得了丰富的经验, 在中国推行乡村林业前景广阔.     

杭州富阳白鹤村旅游景观规划研究

乡村旅游的吸引力整体上可理解为一种乡村意象,乡村意象的外观表现即为乡村景观。经过科学规划的乡村旅游的发展又能促进乡村景观的改善。文章以杭州富阳市白鹤村为例,探讨了如何结合乡村旅游发展改造乡村景观的途径。     

美丽乡村酒店--霞迳度假酒店景观设计浅析

随着中国城镇化的快速发展,各地美丽乡村建设也进入快速发展时期。美丽乡村的建设须在保护与发掘乡村原有历史文化的基础上进行传承与发展,霞迳美丽乡村度假酒店的景观设计结合了对岭南乡村历史文化的建设和保护,是新时期乡村建设传承与发展本土历史文化的有益探索。     

商品人工林的环境管理策略

对于森林资源总量不足、质量不高的我国林业而言,大力发展人工林尤其是大力发展商品人工林,是保护稀缺的天然林资源和满足社会日益增大的林产品及服务需求的有效途径。商品人工林作为典型的人工生态系统,由于其系统多样性、物种多样性和遗传多样性的不完整,使商品人工林的经营具有病虫害多发、地力维持困难、生物多样性欠缺、生态系统不稳定的诸多生态环境问题,并对其预期经济目标的实现产生负面影响。树立商品人工林环境管理的思想,制定符合我国国情、林情的商品人工林环境管理策略,是实现商品人工林可持续经营的重要途径,亦是实现新世纪我国生态良好文明发展目标的重要保障。     

Practical Application of Participatory Approach in Land Conversion Project Planning: A Case in Quxian County, Sichuan Province

Application of participatory approaches in governmental forestry projects is a bran-new forestry design method. The purpose is to plan the utilization of land correctly, and to determine planting sites, planting species, participating households and management models, based on the projects' requirements and the farmers' demands. Participatory approaches are now practiced in some of the counties in Land Conversion Project. The paper presents the significance and necessity of practicing community mechanism and participatory approach in governmental forestry projects. The author consider that in case the participatory approach of community forestry is widely applied in the governmental forestry projects and activities, the enthusiasm of rural communities and farmers to plant and to protect forest will be inspired, and it is an undoubted drive to sustainable utilization of forest resources. The author also discusses the possibility of applying participatory approaches in the planning stage of Land Conversio     

我国新的林业科技范式及其影响

作者应用科恩范式理论讨论了我国林业科技范式。作者认为中国20世纪的林业科技范式的根本特征是林业具有明显的不可持续性发展和生态环境破坏。21世纪新的林业科技范式的核心是林业可持续发展与生态环境建设。新的林业科技范式将对旧的林业不可持续性发展及对生态环境的破坏经营理念、生产方式、生产技术及森林利用方式进行否定,而继承和发扬以往单项先进生产技术和先进经营理念。新的林业科技革命实质就是要创建可持续发展与生态环境质量提高的林业科学技术体系。我国正在形成有中国特色的21世纪新的林业科技革命总体战略思想、战略步骤、主体工程、林业经营理念、目标及其主导技术体系。     

我国杉木人工林可持续经营面临的问题及发展策略——基于全国分布区的调查

基于2018年7-8月对我国杉木分布区进行的实地调查,总结整理了影响杉木人工林可持续经营的问题,包括"重栽疏养"、极端气候事件频发、做不到"适地适树"、群众造林积极性降低、林业部门投入减少以及木材价格波动频繁等问题。针对以上林农、林场、林业科研院所、林业局等相关林业部门存在的普遍问题,提出推动绿色生态优先发展、加大林场专项资金扶持力度、良种基地建设和技术推广、遵循因地制宜的原则、加快林间混生套种以及林下经济建设、加大林地管理力度、提高应对极端气候事件危害能力、加强木材价格依法管理、着重杉木相关产品开发等相应的对策和政策,以期为杉木人工林的可持续经营提供理论上的支持。     

对中国林业可持续发展问题的基本认识

林业是环境再生产的主导产业。林业可持续发展,关键在于规范和调整林业部门的经营、管理行为。而森林的可持续经营强调通过对森林生态系统的有效经营管理。为社会经济发展提供多种物质产品和环境服务功能。中国林业发展面临着：巨大的人口压力、经济运行体制和变革、现行林业政策体系不健全,以及土地资源相对不足、水资源总量少、生态环境形势依然严峻的现实。林业发展目标取向的现实差异,要求政府建立起活当的协调机制,在保障森林经营者、部门,乃至全体公民合法权益的基础上,实现林业可持续发展社会、经济、生态环境目标的协调。关于林业可持续发展实践,一是要明显特定区域对林业的需求结构和自然基础;二是建立相应的社会、经济、生态环境目标和森林目标;三是构筑起配套的技术体系;四是完美政策保障体系。中国自然资源结构、地理特征和社会经济发展进程中,对于林产     

Forest resources and timber production of Ghana: Current instruments for sustainable development

The decline of the natural tropical high forest has reached a critical stage in Ghana’s forestry history. Timber resources are over-exploited, degraded and further production prospects are questionable and of concern to forest management. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the institutional measures and development instruments being taken in Ghana towards the feasibility of achieving sustainable management of the high forest for timber and other commodity products, as well as conserving other forest resources. This paper, therefore, provides institutional measures and structures, regulatory and economic instruments, currently being taken to ensure effective forest management and increase the productivity of the land and logging. The role of collaborative management approach of both natural reserved and unreserved high forests and to promote integrated farm forestry is explained. Effective management of the high forest resource demands close harmonizing of instruments and mechanisms, both internal and external to forestry, and which encourage stakeholders to participate actively in decision making that affects the resource quality and its production status. Currently, different instruments including regulatory, property rights, motivational, hypothecation, information supply and economic are being applied in Ghana to achieve sustainable forest resource management and timber production. These instruments are not mutually exclusive in their current application, but rather complementary. Thus, an effective mix of instruments is necessary to promote and make feasible, sustainable forestry in Ghana’s socioeconomic development objectives.     

Determinants of floodplain forest development illustrated by the example of the floodplain forest in the District of Leipzig

This paper discusses determinants of the historical and current spatial extent of the floodplain forest in Leipzig as well as its tree species composition using a GIS-data based delineation model and historical forest inventories for the floodplain forest in the district of Leipzig in Germany from the 19th to the 20th century. We found that the spatial extent of the floodplain forest remained considerably stable in spite of an overall decline in the entire floodplain area from the period where the city first experienced industrialisation in the 19th century to now. However, with river regulations and the alteration of forest management from coppice-with-standards forest to high forest in the 19th century, major changes can be found in the tree species composition of the floodplain forest. Comparing these findings with references from other European floodplain forests we discuss the impact of historical and current forest management as well as the city location's influence on the extent and tree species composition of urban floodplain forests. For urban forest management in particular there is a great need to integrate biophysical, historical and forestry knowledge when predicting future developmental trends.     

德国森林功能理论的演变与启示

森林功能理论最早应用于19世纪初的德国森林科学中,其理论演变在德国的林业发展中具有重要地位。文中从森林功能的初认识阶段、再认识阶段、多功能理论阶段及多功能林业的应用阶段对德国森林功能理论演变进行了研究,并从创新林业经营管理理念、加大公共财政扶持力度、促进科技支撑林业发展、创新林业管理机制体制和开展全民森林教育等方面探讨了其对林业的5点主要启示,对于我国多功能林业建设具有一定的参考作用。     

Homestead forest resources and their role in household economy: A case study in the villages of Gazipur Sadar Upazila of central Bangladesh

This study examines the species composition, diversity and economic importance of homestead forests in the household economy of central Bangladesh. The study documents 57 homestead forest species and their main usage in 90 households across three villages of Gazipur Sadar Upazila. Homestead forests in Bangladesh comprise a mixture of fruit, timber and bamboo species. While superficially homestead forestry appears unimportant in rural livelihoods, in reality the contribution is huge, both as a source of food security and for other necessary household materials. A clear understanding of the physical characteristics and economic role of homestead forests in rural livelihoods is vital for ensuring sustainable resource management. Income and production of homestead forestry on a per hectare basis are found to vary widely between landholding size classes. Significant relationships are identified between forest performance (production and income) and species richness and education level. Homestead forestry appears to be a potential subsistence income generating land-use practice in the study area. The economic scope of homestead forestry can be further enhanced provided the appropriate species composition of the forest is achieved and the education of forest owners is ensured through targeted management and policy interventions.