低温条件下A2/O工艺启动与强化试验研究

北方地区冬季气候寒冷,生活污水处于低温状态,导致微生物的活性较低。松花江宾西工业园区污水处理系统对氨氮、TN及TP的去除效果很难达标。为解决园区北方冬季低温条件下生活污水处理率低的问题,本试验采用多点循环A2/O为主要研究工艺,在低温条件下启动试验装置,通过分析低温条件下试验工艺对生活污水的处理效果,对试验工艺采用耐冷细菌固定化膜技术进行强化,实现了工业园区低温条件下出水的达标排放。     

碳氮比对两段进水A/O工艺脱氮效果的研究

为解决传统工艺脱氮效率低的问题,采用分段进水A/O工艺对脱氮效果进行了试验研究,在两段缺氧-好氧交替运行方式下,分析了序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)系统在C/N不同的条件下,主要污染物的去除效果和生物脱氮性能。结果表明:在C/N分别为5、6.5、8时,系统对COD、NH_3-N和TN的去除率最高可以达到90.52%、98.49%和83.77%。     

竹材苯酚液化及胶黏剂制备工艺

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究了竹材加工剩余物的苯酚液化工艺,并进一步研究了竹材苯酚液化产物-甲醛树脂胶黏剂(BPF)的制备工艺和性能。试验结果表明:竹材苯酚液化过程中,液化温度对液化效果的影响最为显著,其次是液比和液化反应时间,催化剂用量2%~4%范围内对液化效果影响不大。竹材加工剩余物苯酚液化的优选工艺为:液固比值3.5、催化剂用量4%、液化温度145℃、液化时间60 min;在此工艺下竹材液化率为99.1%。胶黏剂制备过程中,竹材苯酚液化物与甲醛溶液(甲醛质量分数为37%)的合理质量比为100∶164.8~199.5,其中以100∶182.1较佳。BPF的固化温度低于普通酚醛树脂胶黏剂(PF),因而可在较低温度下固化良好,在130℃或140℃热压温度条件下,用其制备的胶合板的胶合强度均比较理想,热压温度为140℃时的试验结果更佳。     

温度对人工林落叶松木材干缩及密度的影响

通过在不同的恒定的温度场中的试验,研究分析了人工林长白落叶松(Larix olgensis A.)木材干缩率、干缩比、心边材干缩差异及基本密度在不同温度条件下的变化规律,为合理地制定木材干燥工艺基准提供科学理论依据。     

荷木单板的漂白与染色工艺

试验研究了荷木单板漂白工艺及染色时间，染液浓度，染液温度等染色工艺参数对漂白单板染色效果的影响，结果表明：当染色时间在5h左右，染液浓度控制在0.5%-0.6%，染液温度保持在70-80℃时，单板内部染色的，染色效果好，具有良好的装饰效果。     

蒸汽爆破木质纤维原料的乙醇脱毒研究

以乙醇为溶剂,采用抽提的方法去除蒸汽爆破玉米秸秆中的甲酸、乙酸、糠醛及羟甲基糠醛等抑制物,比较了动态和静态两种不同的抽提方法对抑制物和糖的抽提效果,考察了温度、固液比和时间等因素对不同条件下乙醇静态抽提效果的影响。以总抑制物抽提率/总糖抽提率为评价指标,通过正交试验,对温度、固液比、时间3个因素在不同水平下的乙醇静态抽提效果进行直观分析和方差分析,确定了乙醇静态抽提的最佳试验条件为:温度80℃,固液比1∶10(g∶mL),抽提时间60 min。在最佳试验条件下,两种最重要的抑制物甲酸和乙酸的抽提率分别达到84%和98%。     

微波辅助提取酸枣仁皂苷A的工艺优化

为了优化微波辅助提取酸枣仁皂苷A的工艺,采用单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了提取条件对酸枣仁皂苷A产率的影响。结果表明酸枣仁皂苷A的最佳提取工艺为:5 g酸枣仁粉末用体积分数70%乙醇提取2次,提取温度60℃,提取时间8 min,液固比16∶1(mL∶g),微波功率800 W,此条件下酸枣仁皂苷A的得率为0.526 mg/g。与其它传统提取方法相比,微波辅助提取在获得较高提取得率的同时,能有效缩短提取时间,节约资源,显示了良好的应用前景。     

新型气浮-沉淀工艺用于南方水库除藻的试验研究

进行了浊度低、藻类高的南方水库水去除效果的试验,结果表明:新型气浮-沉淀工艺中气浮工艺比水厂运行工艺(水平折板絮凝池+平流沉淀池)效果更优;模型出水的藻类平均去除率为95.76%,水厂的平均去除率为75.71%。相同投药量下,模型工艺出水的处理效果好于水厂运行工艺。     

响应曲面法在刨花板制造中的应用

笔者应用响应曲面法建立目标参数模型,对不同工艺条件下的刨花板制造的模型进行了详细分析和讨论。并得出刨花板性能指标的相应分析模型和实验室条件下的优化工艺参数。结果表明:最优工艺条件为含水率达到A=14.7%;施胶量B=18.09%;热压温度C=155.78℃。实测内结合强度为1.09MPa,静曲强度为18.28MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为4.82%。试验结果均符合国标指定要求,响应面法模型拟合效果较好。     

各种温度的纤维板热压工艺试验与设计

通过四种热压温度的工艺正交试验,找出对纤维板性能的主要影响因子及规律,并根据板坯内部温度变化设计出不同温度条件下的热压工艺。     

木纤维/PLA复合材料非等温结晶过程研究

使用DSC对纯聚乳酸（PLA）、木纤维（WF）/PLA复合材料的熔融和非等温结晶过程进行测定和分析。结果显示木纤维的加入一定程度上会在影响PLA的结晶性能,能够促进PLA的异相成核从而提高其结晶度,但晶核密度的增加会减小晶核之间的空间从而阻碍结晶生长,并且降低结晶的生长速率。本研究还分别采用Avrami方程和莫志深方法对实验结果进行分析,结果表明在非等温结晶过程中,降温速率对PLA结晶性能的影响比较显著。降温速率越快,材料的结晶温度越低,形成结晶的形态也越不一致,结晶度也越低。     

A design and application of compound multi-functional sensor in wood-based panel processing

Introduction Multi-functional sensor, a new developmental direction of sensor field, can integrate several sense organs to measure several parameters at one time (Liu 1999). This sensor not only has small size but also has strong functions. Moreover, the …     

广州部分公园的冷岛效应及影响因子的初步研究

结合植被种类和群落结构调查,对广州四个城市公园绿地的温湿度进行自动监测,每1小时一次,连续监测30天,并采用PCA排序法分析广州市公园的"冷岛"效应与植被、公园面积等因子之间的相关性。结果表明:白天公园气温降低值和相对湿度增加值大小排序一致,黑夜的排序则与之相反。白天的月气温降低与公园面积、水体面积和乔木平均胸径呈正相关;月气温降低与乔木密度呈正相关;月、白天、黑夜相对湿度增加与乔木平均树高、乔木平均胸径、水体面积呈正相关。最终得出结论,广州市的城市公园具有显著的降温增湿效应,且日间降温增湿的幅度大于夜间。     

Stress relaxation of chemically treated wood during processes of temperature elevation and decline

In order to clarify the effect of drying on structural changes of DMSO swell treated and DEA-SO2-DMSO decrystallization treated Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolate） wood, the stress relaxation of treated oven-dry specimens during the processes of temperature elevation and reduction and that of treated wet specimens at constant temperature were determined. A stress decrease process and a stress increase process were observed in all stress ratio curves of wood during the processes of decreasing temperature. Untreated wood, during the process of temperature reduction under higher initial temperature conditions and during the process of temperature elevation, has a larger stress decrease than treated woods. In a wet state this trend is reversed. It indicated that the drying set made treated woods have a smaller increase in fluidity of wood constituents with increasing temperature. Some bonding between decrystallization reagents and wood molecules may occur.     

龙竹竹材热压干燥工艺影响因素的研究

对龙竹竹材热压干燥影响因素的研究结果显示,预处理方式、热压干燥温度对热压干燥工艺和干燥质量有显著影响;而竹节的有无对竹材热压干燥工艺和干燥质量的影响较小。     

高温热处理对桃花心木化学性质的影响

热处理是木材加工行业中常用的处理手段之一,可有效提升木材尺寸稳定性及具有防生物侵蚀能力,但在一定程度上也会降低木材的力学性能.热处理导致木材材性变化的根本原因是木材组分含量及其分子结构在热量作用下发生了变化.笔者探索了不同热处理温度下(150,165,180,195和210℃)桃花心木材的化学组分变化.结果表明:经热处...     

常温下落叶松材的渗透性

落叶松林改性处理的关键是研究它的渗透性。本实验是在常温加压条件下通过加压时间的改变来考察浸注深度和湿增重的变化，以探索处理工艺与渗透性的关系。     

低温胁迫对仁用杏花器官抗寒性的影响

以仁用杏花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊为试材,测定了低温胁迫条件下花器官细胞渗透调节物质含量变化,及低温不同持续时间条件下花器官抗氧化系统的变化。结果表明:随温度下降,花器官可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量随温度下降先增加后下降,脯氨酸含量则保持增加趋势;低温作用时间的延长使膜透性、膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量增加,处理时间每增加0.5 h,花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊细胞膜透性平均增加,MDA含量平均增加3.35 nmol/gFW4、.83nmol/gFW、5.98 nmol/gFW,花器官SOD和POD酶活性在温度高于-4℃条件下,随着温度下降和持续时间延长而上升。低温持续时间延长对花器官的伤害与温度下降的效果相似。花器官抗寒能力顺序为花瓣雄蕊雌蕊。     

Different sensitivity of isoprene emission, respiration and photosynthesis to high growth temperature coupled with drought stress in black poplar (Populus nigra) saplings

The effects of the interaction between high growth temperatures and water stress on gas-exchange properties of Populus nigra saplings were investigated. Water stress was expressed as a function of soil water content (SWC) or fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Isoprene emission and photosynthesis (A) did not acclimate in response to elevated temperature, whereas dark (R(n)) and light (R(d)) respiration underwent thermal acclimation. R(d) was ~30% lower than R(n) irrespective of growth temperature and water stress level. Water stress induced a sharp decline, but not a complete inhibition, of both R(n) and R(d). There was no significant effect of high growth temperature on the responses of A, stomatal conductance (g(s)), isoprene emission, R(n) or R(d) to FTSW. High growth temperature resulted in a significant increase in the SWC endpoint. Photosynthesis was limited mainly by CO(2) acquisition in water-stressed plants. Impaired carbon metabolism became apparent only at the FTSW endpoint. Photosynthesis was restored in about a week following rewatering, indicating transient biochemical limitations. The kinetics of isoprene emission in response to FTSW confirmed that water stress uncouples the emission of isoprene from A, isoprene emission being unaffected by decreasing g(s). The different kinetics of A, respiration and isoprene emission in response to the interaction between high temperature and water stress led to rising R(d)/A ratio and amount of carbon lost as isoprene. Since respiration and isoprene sensitivity are much lower than A sensitivity to water stress, temperature interactions with water stress may dominate poplar acclimatory capability and maintenance of carbon homeostasis under climate change scenarios. Furthermore, predicted temperature increases in arid environments may reduce the amount of soil water that can be extracted before plant gas exchange decreases, exacerbating the effects of water stress even if soil water availability is not directly affected.