大肚竹空中竹和正常竹叶片性状比较

文章首次对空中竹进行了定义,研究比较了自然状态下大肚竹空中竹与正常竹叶片的性状。结果表明:与正常竹叶片相比,空中竹叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和MDA含量分别下降了10.5%、35.3%和31.9%;而游离脯氨酸、SOD、POD和CAT则分别升高了19.3%、61.6%、138.1%和1.1%;叶片叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量分别升高了12.4%和4.5%;叶片的RPMP降低了45.6%,RWC升高了7.2%,WSD则下降了30.4%。空中竹离体叶片保水力(失水率)低于正常竹,叶片失水率达100%时空中竹离体叶片需经24 h,而正常竹叶片只需14.5 h。     

干旱石质山地种子植生块直播造林应用技术研究

对国外的种子植生块造林技术进行了制作时间、包膜处理、小范围整地3项改进,发现现场制作种子块臭椿出苗率和保存率分别比对照提高了13.9%和20.0%,五角枫出苗率和保存率分别比对照提高了22.1%和27.8%。种子块包膜可使臭椿出苗率提高11.08%,保存率提高11.97%;五角枫出苗率提高10.88%,保存率提高11.57%。整地可使臭椿保存率提高5.10%,高生长量提高26.51%;五角枫保存率提高12.52%,高生长量提高23.21%。     

RLH营养液提高油松成活率及生长量技术研究

研究了RLC营养液对油松生长及生理活性的影响。结果表明,使用RLH营养液,1）可以提高油松移栽成活率和新梢生长量,比根宝处理的分别提高了9.67%和22.87%.2）叶绿素含量增加,两次测量比根宝处理的分别提高了14.78%和7.77%.3）针叶中SOD和POD酶活性极显著高于对照,两次测量比根宝处理的分别提高了43.63%,29.89%和27.85%,42.50%;CAT酶活性也显著高于对照,两次测量比根宝处理的分别提高了4.17%和9.64%;MDA含量极显著降低,两次测量比根宝处理的分别降低了11.54%,25.59%.4）脯氨酸（Pro）含量极显著高于对照,两次测量比根宝处理提高了41.48%和19.56%.     

印度梨形孢内生真菌对元宝枫扦插苗生长的影响

研究了印度梨形孢（Piriformospora indica）内生真菌对元宝枫扦插苗生长的影响。结果表明：印度梨形孢菌剂能促进元宝枫扦插苗的生长,提高其叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性。其中,200 m L的印度梨形孢菌剂对元宝枫扦插苗的生长、叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性的增益效果最大,其株高、茎粗、冠幅、新梢数量和新梢长度分别比对照提高了40.38%、55.42%、32.09%、147.33%和93.23%,叶片总叶绿素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量分别比对照增加了56.00%、33.80%和106.25%,叶片抗氧化酶SOD、PPO、APX和CAT活性分别比对照提高了158.61%、88.00%、95.62%和111.86%。     

建筑构件、门窗

欧洲EUROPE2010年12月,欧元区建筑工程完工量下跌1.8%2010年12月,建筑部门经过季节性调整完工量分别下降了1.8%(欧元区)和3.1%(欧盟区)。11月,分别下降了0.9%(欧元区)和0.8%(欧盟区)。与上年同期相比,2010年12月完工量分别下降了12.0%(欧元区)和8.0%(欧盟区)。与2009年相比,2010年平均完工量指数分别下跌了7.4%(欧元区)和4.1%(欧盟区)。按月份比较,有8个国家的完工量下跌,4个国家上     

2011年2月欧元区国家建筑完成下降0.7%

与前一个月相比,2011年2月在欧元区17国(EA17)建筑部门经季节性调整的完成量下降了0.7%,但是欧盟27国(EU27)上涨了0.7%。1月份,完成量分别上涨3.6%和1.0%。与2010年2月相比,2011年2月完成量在欧元区增长了3.5%,在欧盟27国增长了2.9%。按月比较,各会员国建筑完成量有8个国家上涨,5个国家下降。增幅最大的是英国(+8.2%)、葡萄牙(+4.3%)和德国(+3.4%),跌幅最大的是斯洛文尼亚(-7.9%)和斯洛伐克(-3.8%)。     

高温热处理杨木粉对木塑复合材料界面结合性能影响北大核心

研究了不同粒径杨木粉在200℃高温炭化前后对木塑复合材料(WPC)界面结合性能的影响,结果表明:木粉通过200℃炭化处理改性后。WPC界面结合性能显著提升。80目下样品的弯曲强度和弯曲模量提升效果最佳,分别提升了24.28%和43.07%;40目和80目下样品拉伸强度的提升效果明显,分别提升了13.44%和13.19%;吸水率显著降低,40、60、80目样品对应的最大吸水率分别从8.49%、6.67%和4.92%降至2.75%、2.66%和2.53%,密度也随木粉目数的增加而增加。     

高温炭化处理对木材平衡含水率的影响规律

本文在160~220℃范围内,对人工林马尾松木材进行了高温炭化处理,并研究了处理温度和处理时间对木材平衡含水率的影响规律。结果表明:随着炭化温度的提高,木材的平衡含水率降低,当炭化温度为160℃、180℃、200℃、220℃时,马尾松木材的平衡含水率分别为7.18%、6.84%、6.25%和4.88%,与对照材相比,其平衡含水率分别降低了16.81%、20.83%、27.60%和43.53%;随着炭化时间的延长,木材的平衡含水率逐渐降低,当炭化时间为1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h时,马尾松木材的平衡含水率分别为7.01%、6.83%、6.48%和6.25%,与未处理材相比,其平衡含水率分别降低了18.82%、20.89%、24.92%和27.60%。     

榉树对大气污染物的净化能力研究

通过对榉树在昆钢污染区和相对无污染区生长的叶片中多种元素含量进行测定,分析了榉树对大气污染物的净化能力。研究结果表明,榉树在重度污染情况下能存活并能继续生长,但生长受到抑制,与对照点相比,平均地径生长量下降了117.56%,高生长量下降了66.31%,冠幅生长量下降了214.43%。对含氯元素和氟元素的有害气体具有极强的抗性和净化能力,对Cl和F的吸收分别比对照高出255.56%和2 500.00%;对As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr等重金属具有较佳的吸收能力,分别比对照高出106.04%、1 623.40%、804.97%、1 221.84%、191.92%。     

1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)及臭氧对鸭梨室温保鲜效果的影响

研究了不同浓度的1-MCP及臭氧对鸭梨室温贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:鸭梨用1.0、1.5uL/L的1-MCP处理后常温贮藏30d,硬度较初始值降低了8.6%和7.8%;可溶性固形物分别比初始值增加了0.5%和2.7%;可滴定酸含量比初始值增加了15.6%和6.7%,较好地保持了鸭梨的风味及外观品质。臭氧处理使鸭梨的硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量下降,影响了鸭梨的风味及外观品质。     

阀门在供热采暖节能中的应用

随着生产力的快速发展,全球能源供应日渐紧张,生产力的发展与能源短缺的矛盾日益加剧,能源的节约和综合利用的问题受到了全世界的普遍关注。其中,建筑节能是节能工作中重中之重,建筑的能耗约占全社会总能耗的30%,其中最主要的是采暖和空调耗能,占到20%。在供热采暖中,正确的选择阀门,对节约能源能够起到积极的作用。     

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIET ON YOUNG NUTRIAS

Nutrias(MyocastorcolIPus)isonekindofvaluablefuranimals.Functionofitsfurkeep-ing-temperatllfeisgoodandit'sakinisdurable,soitsskinandfurarcoftenusedasthemateri-alsoffurcoatandleather.Nutrianleatnotonlytastesdeliciousanddelicate,butalsocontainshighprotein.Nutriacanbefedeasilyanditsfeedingcostislow.Therefore,itisverysuitabletoourcountry.TherehasbeennoreportaboutstiJdyontl1enutritiverequirementofnutriasinChina.ThistestemphasizesonthepropernutTitivercquircll1entofnutfiaandithasprovidedsol1lebasi…     

Energy Audit of Wood Harvesting Systems

A computer-based model for the evaluation of energy use in mechanized wood harvesting systems (EnergyCalc) was developed with aid of life cycle analysis methodologies. The system boundaries were determined "from stump to roadside" with wood volume over bark (m³) as the functional unit. The computer model (based on a database system) used a Visual Basic program, and the energy audit was based on fuel and oil consumption, and the energy consumed in the manufacture of the machines and replacement parts. The general scenario from the literature, results from Sweden and a preliminary study from Ireland are presented. In the overall energy audit of mechanized wood harvesting systems in Ireland, fuel consumption was the most significant item (82%), followed by oils (7%) and machine repairs and replacement (11%). The mean energy use from the data for Ireland was found to be 16% higher than the equivalent in Sweden (120 vs 103 MJ m^?3). An energy reduction strategy that has the potential to reduce overall energy consumption for Irish systems by up to 13% was suggested.     

重组竹地板能耗调查与节能分析

节能降耗是实现可持续发展必然要求。文章通过对林业行业耗能最大的重组竹地板行业进行调查分析,结果表明:重组竹地板加工工艺划可分为4道工序:竹束加工工序、坯料加工工序、地板成型工序、油漆成品工序,其各工序所占能耗比例依次为47.20%、45.93%、3.30%、3.56%。能源消耗主要为电和竹碎料,其中电耗比例约占13.98%,竹碎料焚烧耗能约占86.02%;有效控制竹碎料使用量,是重组竹地板加工行业实现节能降耗最有效的措施。     

Effects of Forest on the Budgets of Water，Energy and Gases in the Environment

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马尾松和杉木人工林凋落物能量研究

通过对福建建瓯25年生马尾松和杉木人工林凋落物能量归还量及月动态的研究,结果表明:马尾松和杉木人工林凋落物年能量总归还量分别为13 734 KJ.m-2和11 377 KJ.m-2,其中通过落叶归还的能量分别占总凋落物能量归还量的67%和60%,表明凋落叶是凋落物能量归还的主体。马尾松林总凋落物能量归还量月变化动态呈单峰型,在7月出现峰值;而杉木林总凋落物能量归还量1 a中出现3次峰值(5月、8月和11月)。     

Biomass energy in industrialised countries—a view of the future

Biomass fuels currently (1994) supply around 14% of the world's energy, but most of this is in the form of traditional fuelwood, residues and dung, which is often inefficient and can be environmentally detrimental. Biomass can supply heat and electricity, liquid and gaseous fuels. A number of developed countries derive a significant amount of their primary energy from biomass: USA 4%, Finland 18%, Sweden 16% and Austria 13%. Presently biomass energy supplies at least 2 EJ year⁻¹ in Western Europe which is about 4% of primary energy (54 EJ). Estimates show a likely potential in Europe in 2050 of 9.0–13.5 EJ depending on land areas (10% of useable land, 33 Mha), yields (10–15 oven-dry tonnes (ODt) ha⁻¹), and recoverable residues (25% of harvestable). This biomass contribution represents 17–30% of projected total energy requirements up to 2050. The relative contribution of biofuels in the future will depend on markets and incentives, on continuous research and development progress, and on environmental requirements. Land constraints are not considered significant because of the predicted surpluses in land and food, and the near balance in wood and wood products in Europe.There is considerable potential for the modernisation of biomass fuels to produce convenient energy carriers such as electricity, gases and transportation fuels, whilst continuing to provide for traditional uses of biomass; this modernisation of biomass and the industrial investment is already happening in many countries. When produced in an efficient and sustainable manner, biomass energy has numerous environmental and social benefits compared with fossil fuels. These include improved land management, job creation, use of surplus agricultural land in industrialised countries, provision of modern energy carriers to rural communities of developing countries, a reduction of CO₂ levels, waste control, and nutrient recycling. Greater environmental and net energy benefits can be derived from perennial and woody energy cropping than from annual arable crops which are short-term alternative feedstocks for fuels. Agroforestry systems can play an important role in providing multiple benefits to growers and the community, besides energy. In order to ameliorate CO₂ emissions, using biomass as a substitute for fossil fuels (complete replacement, co-firing, etc.) is more beneficial from social and economic perspectives than sequestering the carbon in forests.Case studies are presented for several developed countries and the constraints involved in modernising biomass energy along with the potential for turning them into entrepreneurial opportunities are discussed. It is concluded that the long term impacts of biomass programmes and projects depend mainly on ensuring income generation, environmental sustainability, flexibility and replicability, while taking account of local conditions and providing multiple benefits, which is an important attribute of agroforestry-type systems. Biomass for energy must be environmentally acceptable in order to ensure its widespread adoptions as a modern energy source. Implementation of biomass projects requires governmental policy initiatives that will internalise the external economic, social and environmental costs of conventional fuel sources so that biomass fuels can become competitive on a ‘level playing field’.     

杉木、观光木混交林凋落物能量归还量初步研究(英文)

通过对杉木、观光木混交林及杉木纯林群落凋落物的能量年归还量及能流的季节变化进行研究 ,结果表明 ,混交林凋落物的能流量达 12 .6 4 8× 10 6J·m-2 ,比纯林的高 4 .2 % ;在各目的树种凋落物组成中 ,落叶能流量均占大部分 ;混交林和纯林群落太阳能进入凋落物的转化效率分别为 0 5 6 %和0 5 4 % .混交林和纯林中杉木凋落物能流一年中分别在 3,8和 12月出现 3个高峰 ,其中落叶、落枝、落花和落果能流的月变化与之相似 ,这与杉木的小枝整体凋落方式有关 ;混交林中观光木凋落物能流在1,5和 8月出现高峰 ,其中落叶和落枝能流月变化与之相似 ,但落花能流仅出现在 3～ 5月 ,而落果仅发生在 1月和 3月 .各群落凋落物能流月变化模式与其中杉木凋落物能流变化模式基本一致 .混交林和纯林凋落物能流的季节变化为春季 >冬季 >夏季 >秋季 ,但混交林凋落物能流量季节间变动小于纯林的 .     

国外生物质能源产业扶持政策

生物质能源消费量占世界能源总消费量的15%左右, 作为可再生的清洁能源, 其重要性越来越重要。国外很多国家都对生物质能产业的发展加强引导, 制定国家发展战略, 建立专门的科研和管理机构, 强化立法, 并在财政、信贷、税收等方面给予相当大的政策扶持。     

世界生物质能利用的现状和展望

本文分析了世界生物质能利用的现状, 包括生物质能在世界能源消费结构中的地位, 近20年来在其开发利用方面的进展;根据世界能源发展的形势, 从开发利用潜力、环境保护、科学技术、政策法令等方面对生物质能的发展前景作了展望。