植被砼生境下狗牙根叶表皮细胞的比较研究

通过对生长在植被砼上的5个狗牙根栽培种叶上表皮细胞观察,比较不同栽培种的长细胞、短细胞和气孔的长、宽、长宽比及密度.结果表明:南京狗牙根的长细胞最长,宽最短,气孔的长宽和气孔密度最大,佳宝最小且均存在显著差异;短细胞长和宽分别以佳宝和040459/680最大;5个栽培种气孔的长宽比差异均不显著.     

The Immune Response to Microsporum canis Induced by a Fungal Cell Wall Vaccine*

Abstract— An experimental infection model was used to assess induction of specific immunity against Microsporum canis in cats with an M. canis cell wall vaccine preparation. Kittens 8–9 weeks old (n= 12) received five doses of either vaccine or placebo at biweekly intervals. Specific immunity was monitored via plasma anti-dermatophyte antibody titers and lymphocyte blastogenesis (LB) to dermatophyte antigens. After vaccination, cats were challenged with viable M. canis spores, and lesion development was monitored. Vaccinated cats developed higher anti-dermatophyte IgG, but not IgM, titers than controls, beginning after the second dose of vaccine (P < 0.001). During the vaccination period, specific cellular immunity as measured by LB was absent in control cats, but developed to a limited degree in vaccinated cats (P < 0.05). After challenge with 10⁵ fungal spores per cat, both control and vaccinated cats developed active infections. The vaccine appeared to induce an antibody titer quantitatively similar to that produced by infection, but less measured cellular immunity than was seen with infection and recovery. These results suggest that induction of high titers of serum IgG or IgM antibody against Microsporum canis is not protective against challenge exposure.     

Severe Leukemoid Response Associated With Mycobacterium genavense Infection in a Pet Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

A 2-year-old pet budgerigar was presented after a period of general malaise that was unresponsive to supportive therapy. Radiographic images revealed a marked hepatomegaly. Hematology results indicated the bird had a severe leukocytosis with marked discrepancy between the hemocytometer white blood cell (WBC) count and WBC estimated from the smear. The leukocytosis was characterized by an extreme heterophilia with marked left shift, including the presence of metamyelocytes and promyelocytes with marked toxic changes, and a marked monocytosis, consistent with a leukemoid response. The bird died despite supportive treatment. Hepatosplenomegaly was present at necropsy. Histopathology of multiple tissues demonstrated acid-fast organisms on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium genavese by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mycobacteriosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the presence of a severe leukemoid response with multiple heterophilic precursors in avian species.     

鸡NK细胞相关C型凝集素样编码基因研究进展

鸡的C型凝集素样基因编码包括鸡自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞受体在内的许多免疫分子。鸡C型凝集素样编码基因分别位于自然杀伤基因复合体(NK gene complex,NKC)和主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)区域,在NKC区为CD69和CD94/NKG2,在MHC区为相邻的B-NK和B-Lec基因。B-NK是目前唯一已证明表达于NK细胞上的凝集素样受体,其配体尚不清楚,但是已经证明B-NK能够和活化的细胞上的配体结合。论文主要讨论CD69、CD94/NKG、B-NK和BLec 4个基因的系统发育比较和蛋白质结构的研究进展。     

热应激对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

本试验利用伊莎蛋雏鸡,分别接种新城疫油乳剂灭活苗和Ｎ－７９弱毒苗,油乳剂灭活苗免疫的各试验组抗体滴度稍有下降,与对照组间无明显的差异;Ｎ－７９弱毒苗免疫的各试验组,高温处理２４小时的雏鸡,抗体滴度稍低于对照组,但无明显差异;而高温处理４８小时的各组,抗体滴度均显著低于对照组（ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Hydrologic Response to Mechanical Shredding in a Juniper Woodland

We investigated soil compaction and hydrologic responses from mechanically shredding Utah juniper (Juniperus ostesperma [Torr.] Little) to control fuels in a sagebrush/bunchgrass plant community (Artemisia nova A. Nelson, Artemisia tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young/Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh] A. Löve, Poa secunda J. Presl) on a gravelly loam soil with a 15% slope in the Onaqui Mountains of Utah. Rain simulations were applied on 0.5-m² runoff plots at 64 mm · h^?1 (dry run: soil initially dry) and 102 mm · h^?1 (wet run: soil initially wet). Runoff and sediment were collected from runoff plots placed in five blocks, each containing four microsites (juniper mound, shrub mound, vegetation-free or bare interspace, and grass interspace) with undisturbed or tracked treatments for each microsite type and a residue-covered treatment for grass and bare interspace microsites. Soil penetration resistance was measured at the hill slope scale, and canopy and ground cover were measured at the hill slope and runoff plot scale. Although shredding trees at a density of 453 trees · ha^?1 reduced perennial foliar cover by 20.5%, shredded tree residue covered 40% of the ground surface and reduced non–foliar-covered bare ground and rock by 17%. Tire tracks from the shredding operation covered 15% of the hill slope and increased penetration resistance. For the wet run, infiltration rates of grass interspaces were significantly decreased (39.8 vs. 66.1 mm · h^?1) by tire tracks, but infiltration rates on juniper mounds and bare interspaces were unchanged. Bare interspace plots covered with residue had significantly higher infiltration rates (81.9 vs. 26.7 mm · h^?1) and lower sediment yields (38.6 vs. 313 g · m^?2) than those without residue. Because hydrologic responses to treatments are site- and scale-dependent, determination of shredding effects on other sites and at hill slope or larger scales will best guide management actions.     

聚肌胞对雏鸡新城疫抗体水平的影响

为研究聚肌胞(polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid,PolyI:C)对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响,在肉仔鸡7日龄免疫的前后注射PolyI:C,并测定各处理组中雏鸡血清抗体水平.结果显示,免疫之前48、24和12h注射Polyl:C,雏鸡血液中抗体效价仅在10日龄明显升高;免疫新城疫疫苗的同时及免疫之后12、24h注射PolyI:C,9～12日龄雏鸡血清抗体滴度均明显提高.PolyI:C可以提高雏鸡免疫抗体滴度,对由弱毒苗刺激的免疫反应具有调理作用.     

Changes in the MHC Class II+ Dendritic Cell Population of Ovine Skin In Response to Orf Virus Infection

Abstract— Class II+ dendritic cells were widely distributed throughout normal ovine skin in two main locations: a) in or immediately adjacent to the epidermis and epidermal appendages and b) in the vicinity of the blood vessels. They are unlikely to represent a homogeneous population particularly since Langerhans cells, which previously have been found throughout the epidermal appendages, were located only in the epidermis using acetylcholinesterase staining. Following infection with orf virus, a dense mass of closely associated class II+ dendritic cells develops in the exposed necrotising dermis, adjacent to infected hair follicles and under infected degenerating epidermis. These cells interact and appear to form a barrier to invasion, a framework for immune defence and a template for subsequent epidermal repair; they seem to provide the basis of a highly integrated local dermal defence system. Résumé— Des cellules dendritiques de classe II+étaient largement réparties dans la peau ovine normale dans deux principales zones a) dans l'épiderme et les annexes épidermiques ou dans leur voisnage immédiat b) au voisinage des vaisseaux sanguins. Il est peu probable qu'elles représentant une population homogène particulièrement parce que les cellules de Langerhaps, qui ont été découvertes précédemment dans l'ensemble des annexes épidermiques, furent localisées seulement dans l'épiderme en utilisant une coloration à l'acétylcholinesterase. Après une infection par le virus de l'ecthyma, il se forme une masse dense de cellules dendritiques de classe II+étroitement associées, dans le derme nécrotique atteint, adjacente aux follicules pileux infectés et sous l'épiderme dégénératif infecté. Ces cellules interagissent et apparaissent former une barrière à l'invasion, un cadre pour les défenses immunitaires et un patron pour la réparation épidermique ultérieure; elles semblent fournir les bases d'un système de défense dermique local hautement intégré. Zusammenfassung— Klasse II+-Dendritenzellen waren in der gesamten Haut von normalen Schafen in vorwiegend zwei Bereichen verbreitet: a) in oder unmittelbar neben der Epidermis und der epidermalen Anhangsgebiete und b) in dor Nähe dar Blutgefäße. Sie stellen wahrscheinlich keine homogène Population dar, da die Langerhanszellen, die früher übarall in den epidermalen Anhangsgebilden nachgewiesen wurden, bei Acetylcholinesterase-Färbung nur in der Epidermis zu finden waren. Nach einer Orf-Virus-Infektion formiert sich eine dichte Masse aus eng verbundenen Klasse II+-Dendritenzellen in der betroffenen nekrotisierenden Dermis unmittelbar neben den infizierten Haarfollikeln und unter der infizierten, degenerierenden Epidermis. Diese Zellen stehen untereinander in Verbindung und bilden anscheinend eine Barrière gegen die Invasion, ein Gorüst für die Immunabwehr und einen Ausgangs punkt für die anschließenden Reparaturvorgänge in der Epidermis. Sie scheinen als Basis eines hochentwickelten lokalen Abwehrsystems der Haut zu fungieren. Resumen Células dendríticas de class II+ se observaron en gran cantidad en la piel de la oveja especialmente en dos localizaciones: a) en la epidermis, en la dermis muy próxima a la epidermis y en anejos cutáneos y b) en las proximidades de los vasos sanguíneos. No parece tratarse de una población homogénea de células puesto que las células de Langerhans, que previamente se habían encontrado en los anejos epidérmicos, se encontraron únicamente en la epidermis utilizando técnicas de detección del acetilcol-inesterasa. Después de la infección con el virus del ectima contagioso ovino se observó una masa de células dendríticas de clase II, dispuestas de forma muy densa, en las proximidades de la dermis necrosada y de los folículos pilosos y de la epidermis infectada. Eatas células interaccionan entre si y parecen formar una barrera contra la invasión, una red inmunitaria de defensa y participar en la reparación de la epidermis; parece ser que esta población de células dendriticas son la base de un sistema de defensa dérmico local altamente integrado.     

A Urethrorectal Fistula due to Prostatic Abscess Associated with Urolithiasis in a Dog

An 8-year-old, entire male crossbreed dog had a 2-day history of abdominal pain and straining to urinate and defecate. A diagnosis of urolithiasis with urinary retention, and probable prostatitis was made. The dog was treated with fluids and enrofloxacin. Five days later, ultrasonography of the prostate showed two hypoechoic areas compatible with abscesses. Twelve hours later, the patient started to urinate from the rectum during micturition and urethrorectal fistula was diagnosed. The omentalization of the prostatic abscesses and castration were performed and calculi were removed. The urethrorectal fistula was treated conservatively with an indwelling urinary catheter, a low residue diet and antibiotics. The dog recovered uneventfully without recurrence of the fistula.     

TSA对滩羊成纤维细胞作为供体细胞的作用

为探索成纤维细胞作为供体细胞的潜能和TrichostatinA(TSA)处理供体细胞的适合浓度,提高克隆胚胎的发育水平。本研究分别利用100、50、25、10ng·mL-1TSA处理滩羊成纤维细胞,观察细胞形态,统计细胞活率,利用流式分选技术分析处理前后细胞的周期时相,同时通过间接免疫荧光法检测细胞乙酰化水平,并以经过10～50ng·mL-1TSA处理的成纤维细胞作为供体细胞,检测其重构胚发育水平。结果发现,当TSA的浓度达100ng·mL-1时,细胞大量死亡,不同浓度TSA处理细胞24h后,细胞周期被明显抑制在G0/G1期,乙酰化水平明显高于对照组,其中供体细胞经10ng·mL-1TSA处理的克隆胚胎卵裂率和囊胚率明显升高(P0.05,(85.2±3.4)%vs(68.6±6.7)%,(35.6±5.7)%vs(10.4±8.3)%)。结果表明,经10ng·mL-1TSA处理的滩羊成纤维细胞周期同步化明显,乙酰化维持较高水平,重构胚胎发育水平明显提高,适合作为成纤维细胞的处理方法和浓度。     

爱普里诺霉素对N2a细胞增殖的影响

阿维菌素类药物是大环内酯类化合物,被广泛用于人和动物的抗寄生虫药物。爱普里诺霉素(eprinomycin,EPR)属于AVMs家族。论文检测了EPR对细胞的增殖、存活和细胞周期的影响。结果发现,EPR都能显著抑制神经细胞鼠成神经瘤细胞N2a的增殖,并呈浓度相关性,EPR可使N2a细胞周期阻滞在G1期和G2期,但未发现明显的细胞凋亡。     

Invertebrate Community Response to a Shifting Mosaic of Habitat

Grazing management has focused largely on promoting vegetation homogeneity through uniform distribution of grazing to minimize area in a pasture that is either heavily disturbed or undisturbed. An alternative management model that couples grazing and fire (i.e., patch burning) to promote heterogeneity argues that grazing and fire interact through a series of positive and negative feedbacks to cause a shifting mosaic of vegetation composition and structure across the landscape. We compared patch burning with traditional homogeneity-based management in tallgrass prairie to determine the influence of the two treatments on the aboveground invertebrate community. Patch burning resulted in a temporal flush of invertebrate biomass in patches transitional between unburned and patches burned in the current year. Total invertebrate mass was about 50% greater in these transitional patches within patch-burned pastures as compared to pastures under traditional, homogeneity-based management. Moreover, the mosaic of patches in patch-burned pastures contained a wider range of invertebrate biomass and greater abundance of some invertebrate orders than did the traditionally managed pastures. Patch burning provides habitat that meets requirements for a broad range of invertebrate species, suggesting the potential for patch burning to benefit other native animal assemblages in the food chain.     

左旋咪唑对鸡新城疫La Sota疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究左旋咪唑对鸡新城疫LaSota疫苗免疫效果的影响,试验采用1日龄健康AA+肉仔鸡200只,随机分为4组,每组50只,第4天开始,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别以左旋咪唑5、10和20mg/kg·W,一天1次,连饮3d,Ⅳ组为对照组。7日龄时I组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别按说明书注射新城疫LaSota疫苗。分别于14、21、35、42日龄采用反向间接血凝抑制试验、ANAE+法测定新城疫抗体水平和免疫器官中T淋巴细胞数,同时测定免疫器官指数。结果表明,左旋咪唑中、低剂量组能明显提高新城疫LaSota疫苗特异性免疫应答抗体水平,免疫器官指数、血液中ANAE+T淋巴细胞百分率显著提高。说明中、低剂量左旋咪唑对鸡新城疫LaSota疫苗有免疫增强作用,且适合剂量为10mg/kg·W。     

Detection of a Nonoccluded Baculovirus in the Freshwater Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in North America

Abstract

A nonoccluded baculovirus was detected during a routine health examination of the tropical freshwater blue crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus reared in a farm in California, USA. The crayfish were progeny of captive-reared adults imported from Australia. There were no external or internal signs of disease in infected crayfish, but histological examination revealed eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear inclusions within the tubular epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas. The infected cells occurred throughout the hepatopancreas but never exceeded 10% of the cells constituting the tubule epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed numerous loosely enveloped, rod-shaped baculoviruses. The enveloped virions had a length of 292 ± 15 nm and a diameter of 102 ± 7 nm (mean ± SD). The cylindrical nucleocapsids often possessed squared ends and were 216 ± 13 nm in length by 47 ± 3 nm in width. There was no evidence of occlusion body formation similar to that known for certain other crustacean baculoviruses. The origin of the virus is uncertain, although a similar or identical agent has recently been detected among C. quadricarinatus in Australia.     

一起未取得动物诊疗许可证从事动物诊疗活动案的查处

2020年4月,A市农业农村局接群众举报,某宠物商店涉嫌未取得动物诊疗许可证从事动物诊疗活动.经立案调查,认定当事人违法事实存在,证据确凿.根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》之规定,责令当事人停止动物诊疗活动,依法给予了"没收违法所得人民币5420元,并处罚款人民币6000元"的行政处罚.本文对该案的基本案情、法律适用及...     

不同浓度氮酮、薄荷醇对盐酸特比萘芬体外经皮渗透作用的影响

为选择促进盐酸特比萘芬(TBF)透皮扩散作用的促渗剂,选用立式Franz扩散池,以犬离体皮肤为透皮屏障,通过计算含不同浓度氮酮(AZ)、薄荷醇(MT)组盐酸特比萘芬透皮试验的累积渗透量Q、稳态流速Jss、渗透系数Kp和增渗比ER等参数来比较促渗效果.结果显示试验中所有组别促渗剂都具有促渗作用,作用由强至弱依次为1%AZ**>5%MT**>3%AZ**>3%MT**>1%MT*>5%AZ*,其中薄荷醇组促渗效果与浓度呈线性正相关,而氮酮组则呈线性负相关.虽然各组促渗剂均起促进作用,但薄荷醇组的效果优于氮酮组,加之薄荷醇属天然物质,毒副作用低,所以更适合作为药物外用制剂的促渗剂.     

Electron Microscopic Observation on the Structure of a Freshwater Teleost Dermis with Special Reference to the Dermo-epidermal Junction

An electronmicroscopic study of the dermis of the ventral skin of a fresh water teleost ( Pimelodus maculatus ) was examined with standard techniques. It was demonstrated that the dermal organization consists of a well developed basal membrane underlying the epidermis, and two collagenous layers (stratum compactum most superficially and stratum spongiosum, deep to it) which are separated by a layer of elastic connective tissue. Within the superficial layer melanocytes and iridophores were demonstrated.