春季大棚青花菜节水节肥高效栽培模式

春季大棚青花菜采用膜下滴灌技术可使土壤保持适宜的温度和墒情，整个生产周期只 需浇水2～3 次，除草1 次，喷药1 次，不需要中耕和追肥，比传统的露地漫灌和露地无地 膜滴灌栽培每667 m² 节水197～735 t，追肥量减少15～25 kg；同时提高了青花菜的产量 和商品性，缩短生育期7～15 d（天）。     

草莓保护地栽培管理技术

浇冻水后,在畦（垄）上覆盖地膜和防寒物,翌年地解冻撤除防寒物,草莓心叶萌发时破膜将苗掏出。这样采收期比露地草莓提前和延长5～7天。如果实行小中大棚或日光温室栽培管理,则可比露地早收获20天左右,延长10～15天甚至更长时间。具体做法如下：     

大球盖菇三种栽培模式比较试验

大棚、大田、林下三种栽培模式栽培大球盖菇对比试验结果表明，大棚栽培的大球盖菇菌丝生长受温度影响较小，冬季发菌几乎不受温度变化的影响；大棚栽培的菇潮数、子实体产量及生物转化率略高于林下栽培模式，大田栽培的菇潮数、子实体产量及生物转化率最低；林下栽培大球盖菇一等菇产量占比最高，为46.34%，大棚栽培与林下栽培的二等菇产量占比相当，大田栽培三等菇产量占比最高，为43.29%。     

不同光质对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响

根据瓜叶菊生长发育对光质的反应,设计大棚不同彩色薄膜处理试验,系统研究了不同光质对瓜叶菊生长发育的影响。结果表明;绿膜处理单株开花数最多(16朵/株),蓝膜处理最少(9朵/株);红膜处理瓜叶菊花期最长,达32 d,白膜处理(CK)最短,仅为9 d;红膜处理下的植株总干重最高,达到3.47g/株,紫膜处理最低,为1.37g/株;在营养生长阶段,叶片干物质分配指数以白膜处理CK最高,紫膜处理最低,而在开花阶段以蓝膜处理最高,红膜处理最低;茎干物质分配指数在营养生长阶段以紫膜处理最高(0.48),开花阶段则以黄光最高(0.28),CK最低。花干物质分配指数以红光处理最高(0.53),蓝光最低(0.44)。     

不同温度和土壤水分对西葫芦叶面积和化瓜的影响

西葫芦在大棚环境下有利于叶生长,不利于瓜生长;露地早春地温和气温低对叶和瓜的生长都不利;苗期不浇水光合面积小,化瓜严重;只有在适宜的地温,气温及水分条件下才能使西葫芦高产,化瓜率降低.     

设施芦笋早发高产栽培技术

采用三层膜覆盖栽培，通过4 项措施，可大幅度提早芦笋的采摘上市日期，比单层棚提早15 d（天），比露地提早50 d（天）出笋，经济效益十分可观。     

五膜大棚西瓜高产栽培技术

五膜大棚西瓜是利用棚膜多层保温、提前错季栽培、提早上市的一项创新项目，比起普通大棚西瓜能再提前20～30天成熟。由于上市时间早，西瓜价格高，并且第2批瓜还能与普通大棚西瓜同时上市，达到了高效的目的。其栽培技术如下：     

五膜大棚西瓜高产栽培技术

五膜大棚西瓜是利用棚膜多层保温、提前错季栽培、提早上市的一项创新项目,比起普通大棚西瓜能再提前20～30天成熟.由于上市时间早,西瓜价格高,并且第2批瓜还能与普通大棚西瓜同时上市,达到了高效的目的.其栽培技术如下:     

春季大棚青花菜节水节肥高效栽培模式

正春季大棚青花菜采用膜下滴灌技术可使土壤保持适宜的温度和墒情,整个生产周期只需浇水2～3次,除草1次,喷药1次,不需要中耕和追肥,比传统的露地漫灌和露地无地膜滴灌栽培每667 m~2节水197～735 t,追肥量减少15～25 kg;同时提高了青花菜的产量和商品性,缩短生育期7～15 d(天)。青花菜(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)又名西兰花、绿菜花等,是一种营养价值较高的国际性蔬菜。我国青花菜贸易以出口为主,2018年青花菜栽培面积超过8万hm~2(120万亩),     

西瓜地膜覆盖试验示范

淄博市自1979年对几种蔬菜作物进行小面积地面覆盖栽培试验以来,均取得了明显的增产效果。在此基础上,逐步扩大示范推广,最近三年在西瓜盖膜应用上取得了较大进展,1982年地膜覆盖西瓜面积达到8565亩,占西瓜栽培面积25000亩的百分之三十四点二。当年西瓜获得空前丰收,总产突破7000万斤,增加了社队收入和改善了市场供应。 三年来试验、示范、推广情况证明覆盖比不盖膜的瓜田亩增产百分之五十一到百分之九十四,单瓜重增加2.65斤,7月2日成熟(5月2日盖膜)、比不盖膜收获期提早9天、每亩收入633.9元,与不盖膜瓜相比亩增收298.6元。 地膜覆盖西瓜主…     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。