供液高度对茄子潮汐式穴盘育苗的影响

以圆杂471茄子品种为试材,研究了潮汐灌溉3个供液高度(1、2和3 cm)对基质吸水速率、穴盘苗生长发育及水分利用率的影响。试验结果表明,穴盘基质吸水速率随着供液高度增加而提高;在子叶平展期,茄子穴盘苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积等生长指标以及壮苗指数、叶绿素含量和根系活力在3个供液高度间无显著差异;进入真叶生长期,各供液高度间穴盘苗的生长发育差异逐渐加大,至4叶1心期,2、3 cm供液高度下穴盘苗茎叶和根系各项生长发育指标、壮苗指数和叶绿素含量显著优于1 cm供液高度;而供液高度对穴盘苗根系活力无显著影响;进一步分析穴盘苗的水分利用率,2、3 cm供液高度间无显著差异,但显著高于1 cm供液高度。综合考虑幼苗生长指标和水分利用率,茄子穴盘育苗适宜的潮汐灌溉供液高度为2 cm。     

冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草生理特性的影响

本文通过模拟试验研究了冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草生理特性的影响,试验设置了干旱胁迫和正常水分处理,采用PVC管基质栽培鼠茅草,冬季干旱胁迫结束后复水采集鼠茅草样品,测定分析了鼠茅草干旱胁迫后复水及对照处理的鼠茅草叶片及根系的生理生化指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫后复水与正常水分处理相比,叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量、生物量、各级根长与根表面积显著降低,叶绿素b指标无显著差异。MDA、可溶性蛋白、电解质渗透率指标显著增加,这说明鼠茅草干旱胁迫复水后仍存在一定的胁迫,冬季干旱胁迫后复水对鼠茅草的生长有一定的抑制作用。试验还表明在不具备冬季灌溉条件下,冬季断水60 d后复水对鼠茅草的生长指标有一定的影响,但不危及生命,可适当断水,在开春后应及时灌溉,以提高光合作用,增加生物量。     

调亏灌溉条件下鸭梨营养生长、产量和果实品质反应的研究

调亏灌溉条件下的研究结果表明,无论在1期(萌芽至盛花后25d)还是在2期(盛花后25～80d)进行调亏灌溉,树体营养生长受到显著抑制,新梢长度较对照下降15%～25%,夏季修剪量减少18%～33%,树体叶片的相对含水量显著下降,对成龄叶片叶面积和比叶重的影响差异不显著。各处理其花朵坐果率均大于85%,没有显著抑制果径和果实鲜重的增长。在水分胁迫处理结束时,2期胁迫和1+2胁迫处理果实的可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量和全K含量显著高于对照,1+2胁迫处理的果径和果实鲜重也受到了显著抑制。在采收时各水分胁迫处理与对照相比,在产量、单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量方面无显著差异。     

逐渐干旱对牡丹生理指标的影响

以"洛阳红"和"乌龙捧盛"牡丹盆栽苗为试材,研究了逐渐干旱及复水过程中牡丹叶片中渗透调节物质及MDA含量的变化。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的增加,2种牡丹的可溶性蛋白质含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;2种牡丹的可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量和MDA含量均呈逐渐升高的趋势。相比于重度干旱胁迫,复水后2种牡丹的渗透调节物质含量均有所降低,除"乌龙捧盛"可溶性蛋白质含量差异不显著外,其它指标差异均达显著水平;而相对对照,复水后2种牡丹的渗透调节物质含量升高,但差异均不显著。2种牡丹的MDA含量在复水后比重度干旱胁迫时有所降低,均达差异显著水平;而与对照进行比较,差异不显著。     

矮牵牛穴盘苗栽培模式研究

以美国泛美公司的大红品种(梦幻3113)为材料,研究了我国多年经验模式和美国维生模式下矮牵牛穴盘苗生长状况.结果表明,维生模式下穴盘苗生长发育比经验模式发育提前2片叶左右,生物量为经验模式的3～5倍,根系干重、根长和根系活力均显著高于国产栽培方式,但叶片光合速率和叶绿素含量在同一苗期无显著差异.2种栽培模式造成植株体内的大量元素含量差异显著,基质内的养分供应是造成不同栽培模式下矮牵牛穴盘苗生长发育差异的直接原因.     

土壤铅胁迫对旱柳生长及相关生理特性的影响

采用盆栽试验方法研究了不同铅胁迫浓度下旱柳幼苗的生长及相关生理指标的变化。结果表明:随着重金属铅胁迫浓度的增加,旱柳的比叶重、株高与地径生长受到抑制;叶绿素含量及根系活力呈下降的趋势;叶片游离脯氨酸含量与细胞膜透性呈逐渐增加趋势。在浓度为300mg/kg时,游离脯氨酸、细胞膜透性及根系活力与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);在浓度600mg/kg时,株高、地径与对照相比达到极显著差异(P<0.01);叶绿素a与对照相比达到显著差异(P<0.05);不同铅胁迫浓度对叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b值没有显著的影响。     

PEG渗透胁迫对对开蕨生理特性影响

研究在聚乙二醇6 000(PEG 6 000)室内模拟干旱条件下,比较不同浓度PEG渗透胁迫对对开蕨的形态、叶片含水量、细胞膜透性、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及根活力的影响。结果表明:浓度为10%、20%和30%的PEG胁迫28 h后,其形态均受到不同程度损害,其复水存活率分别为46.7%、53.3%和0。其叶片含水量、细胞膜透性与胁迫程度呈正相关。可溶性糖均随着胁迫的时间延长而累积,20%浓度胁迫12 h时达到峰值31.9 mg/g,是参与对开蕨渗透调节的主要物质之一。可溶性蛋白含量在不同浓度胁迫下均呈下降趋势,但中期均有回升现象。不同程度胁迫后根活力均较对照有显著的提高,表明在渗透胁迫下对开蕨可以通过迅速提高根系活力来缓轻损伤,保存活性。     

潮汐灌溉供液高度对黄瓜穴盘苗生长发育与水肥利用的影响

在潮汐灌溉条件下,以黄瓜品种中农18号为材料,分别在夏季和冬季进行穴盘育苗,比较1、2、3 cm供液高度对基质的吸水速率、黄瓜穴盘苗表观生长指标、根系活力、水分及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:随着供液高度增加,基质吸水速率逐渐加快;夏季和冬季育苗供液高度为2 cm和3 cm时,穴盘苗的株高、叶面积、茎叶鲜质量和干质量均高于1 cm供液高度,3个供液高度间的根体积、根系鲜质量和干质量、根冠比、壮苗指数无显著差异,但3 cm供液高度的穴盘苗根系活力显著降低,供液和回液体积以及肥料施用量最大;而夏季育苗2 cm供液高度时,穴盘苗的水分利用率较高,且氮素利用率最大。基于穴盘苗表观生长指标与水肥利用率,夏季和冬季黄瓜潮汐穴盘育苗的适宜灌溉高度均为2 cm。     

水分胁迫对豇豆幼苗光合特性的影响

对四叶一心期的豇豆幼苗进行水分胁迫处理,研究其光合特性的变化。结果表明:随着胁迫时间的延长,土壤含水量、豇豆幼苗叶片含水量出现持续下降;气孔张开率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量出现持续下降趋势,到胁迫8d后均与对照出现极显著差异;豇豆幼苗叶片胞间CO2浓度表现为为基本稳定、突然下降、再持续升高的趋势,胁迫8d后为极显著差异;光合速率、蒸腾速率随胁迫时间延长出现持续下降趋势,蒸腾速率从胁迫4d与对照出现显著差异,从6d时开始出现极显著差异;光合速率则从6d开始出现显著差异,从8d开始出现极显著差异;光合速率与气孔张开率、气孔导度、叶片叶绿素含量成正相关,且与气孔张开率、气孔导度呈显著正相关;与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关。从相关性分析可以看出,气孔因素是影响光合速率的主要因素。豇豆幼苗忍耐自然水分胁迫时间为8d。     

多效唑对夏秋季番茄穴盘苗质量的影响

为了探明多效唑(PP333)浓度对夏秋季穴盘番茄苗质量的影响,配制不同浓度的PP333溶液对2叶期番茄苗进行喷施处理,并对处理后穴盘苗的主要形态指标和生理指标进行测定分析。结果表明,夏秋季不同浓度的PP333与对照相比均有不同程度的壮苗效果,2次试验中200 mg/L PP333处理的壮苗效果最为明显,与各自对照相比,株高均显著下降,根冠比均显著增加,壮苗指数和G值均显著升高,根系活力和叶绿素含量均显著增加,可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量均有所下降。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.