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1.
Schrope DP 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2005,20(3):182-195
Balloon valvuloplasty has become the accepted method of therapy for the majority of dogs with valvular pulmonic stenosis. Success rate of balloon valvuloplasty is excellent but the procedure can have a steep learning curve. An understanding of the equipment used and specifics of the procedure is important to maximize success and minimize risk. This paper will review criteria for choosing candidates for balloon valvuloplasty, discuss the equipment used, discuss the procedure in detail, and finally discuss assessment of success and possible complications. 相似文献
2.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2023,50(5):388-396
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a prophylactic lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) on the incidence and malignancy of catheter-induced ventricular ectopic complexes (VECs) during balloon valvuloplasty for management of pulmonic stenosis in dogs.Study designSingle-centre, prospective, randomized study.AnimalsClient-owned dogs (n = 70) with pulmonic stenosis.MethodsDogs were randomly assigned to one of two anaesthetic protocols: administration of lidocaine 2 mg kg–1 bolus followed by a CRI (50 μg kg–1 minute–1; group LD) or a saline placebo (group SL) during balloon valvuloplasty. All dogs were premedicated with methadone (0.3 mg kg–1) intramuscularly and a digital three-lead Holter monitor was applied. Anaesthetic co-induction was performed with administration of alfaxalone (2 mg kg–1) and diazepam (0.4 mg kg–1), and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane vaporised in 100% oxygen. CRIs were started on positioning of the dog in theatre and discontinued as the last vascular catheter was removed from the heart. All dogs recovered well and were discharged 24 hours postoperatively. Blinded Holter analysis was performed by an external veterinary cardiologist using commercially available dedicated analysis software; p < 0.05.ResultsOf the 70 dogs enrolled in the study, 61 were included in the final analysis: 31 in group LD and 30 in group SL.There was no significant difference between sinus beats (p = 0.227) or VECs (p = 0.519) between groups. In group LD, 19/31 (61.3%) dogs had a maximum ventricular rate ≥250 units and 20/30 (66.7%) dogs in group SL (p = 0.791).Conclusion and clinical relevanceIn this study, the use of a prophylactic lidocaine bolus followed by CRI in dogs undergoing balloon valvuloplasty for management of pulmonic stenosis did not significantly decrease the incidence nor the malignancy of VECs during right heart catheterization compared with a saline CRI. 相似文献
3.
Estrada A Moïse NS Erb HN McDonough SP Renaud-Farrell S 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):862-872
BACKGROUND: In dogs, treatment of pulmonic valve stenosis (PS) with pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) is a viable method to decrease the pressure gradient across the valve. However, to the authors' knowledge, the variables that influence the selection of the correct balloon size for the procedure have not been explored. Moreover, the lesions caused by the procedure have not been detailed. HYPOTHESIS: Variables that influence the measurement of the annulus could affect selection of the balloon size. We sought to determine the effects of treatment when the balloon-to-annulus ratio (BAR) was or > 1.3, but within the recommended range of 1.2-1.5, regardless of whether dilation was performed with single or double balloon technique. ANIMALS: Twenty-five Beagles with PS were studied. METHODS: Inter- and intra-observer variability, echocardiography versus angiocardiography, and systolic versus diastolic timing were evaluated for the BAR. Assessment of right ventricular (RV) pressure, Doppler gradient, stenotic valve area, and RV wall thickness were compared before and 1, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Postmortem examination of the heart was done. RESULTS: Significant correlations existed in measurement of the annulus; however, variation existed that would change balloon size. Improvement in the degree of PS was significant regardless of the BAR or single or double ballooning. In the most severely affected dogs, continued improvement was noted on day 90. Postmortem examination revealed tears in the commissures and the valve leaflets. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors influenced determination of the BAR and a range of 1.2-1.5 was effective without detrimental consequences. Dogs with severe PS had continued decrease in RV pressure 3 months after treatment. 相似文献
4.
Kathy N. Wright DVM Dipl. ACVIM Timothy K. Knilans MD Holly M. Irvin 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2006,8(2):95-107
Radiofrequency catheter ablative techniques provide a unique opportunity to cure dogs of certain supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, rather than simply controlling the rhythm with drug therapy. Accessory pathways, which can participate as one limb of a rapid, narrow complex tachyarrhythmia circuit, have a particularly high cure rate with radiofrequency catheter ablation. Focal atrial tachycardias also provide a substrate that can be amenable to ablation. Tachycardia-induced myocardial dysfunction resulting from frequent tachyarrhythmic episodes will resolve after a successful ablation. This report outlines the indications, equipment, and techniques used in dogs for performing catheter ablation with temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy delivery. 相似文献
5.
Claudio Bussadori DVM DECVIM Oriol Domenech DVM Antonio Longo DVM Danitza Pradelli DVM Roberto Bussadori DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2002,4(2)
A 6-months old female German shepherd dog was referred for management of congenital heart disease. A diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis (PS) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was confirmed by Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation. The conditions were treated during a single cardiac catheterisation procedure using percutaneous techniques. Gianturco coil embolisation was used to close the PDA, and the PS was relieved using a balloon valvuloplasty technique. 相似文献
6.
Catherine Belanger Catherine T. Gunther-Harrington Satoko Nishimura Maureen S. Oldach Samantha L. Fousse Lance C. Visser Joshua A. Stern 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(2):115-122
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty (HPBVP) for treatment of canine severe pulmonary valve stenosis (PS). A secondary aim was to provide pre-procedure predictors of success.Animals
Twenty-five dogs.Methods
Prospective observational study. Dogs with severe PS (echocardiographically derived trans-pulmonary peak/maximum pressure gradient (EDPG) ≥80 mmHg) were recruited. All dogs underwent echocardiography before and 20–24hrs after HPBVP using a high-pressure balloon with rated burst pressures ranging from 12 to 18 ATM. Procedural success was defined as a post-HPBVP EDPG reduction of ≥50% or reduction into at least the moderate category of PS (50–79 mmHg). Optimal result was defined as a post-procedural EDPG ≤30 mmHg.Results
Initial median (IQR) EDPG for all dogs was 96 (88, 127) mmHg with a post-operative median of 48 (36, 65) mmHg. The median EDPG reduction provided by HPBVP was 63% (39, 68); procedural success rate was 92% (23 dogs). Optimal results were achieved in 56% (14 dogs). There were no significant correlations between EDPG reduction and valve morphology (Type A and Type B) or severity of right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary valve annulus diameter was the only echocardiographic variable that was significantly correlated to EDPG reduction (p = 0.02; r = ?0.46). No dog experienced any anesthetic or surgical complications, and all patients survived the procedure.Conclusions
In this cohort of 25 dogs with severe PS, HPBVP was safe and effective. The procedural success rate and high number of optimal results achieved with HPBVP suggest future randomized controlled trials comparing HPBVP to conventional valvuloplasty are warranted. 相似文献7.
BackgroundSubaortic stenosis (SAS) is a commonly diagnosed canine congenital cardiac defect, with severe forms of carrying a poor long-term prognosis. To date, an effective treatment strategy has not been developed in veterinary medicine. This study sought to determine if sotalol, a class III antiarrhythmic, may have salient echocardiographic and antiarrhythmic benefits for medical management for dogs affected with severe SAS.MethodsTen dogs diagnosed with severe SAS were enrolled in this prospective, double-blinded, crossover study. Dogs underwent physical exam, non-invasive blood pressure measurement, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring. Diagnostics were repeated 12–16 days following randomization to oral atenolol (0.5–1 mg/kg) or sotalol (1–2 mg/kg) twice daily. After a medication taper and four-day washout, dogs were crossed-over to the alternate study medication, and the diagnostics were repeated in 12–16 days. Linear and multinomial mixed models were developed to evaluate the effects of treatments on echocardiographic and electrocardiographic variables.ResultsIndices of left ventricular systolic function were reduced based on the volumetric assessment when dogs received sotalol compared to atenolol. No difference was noted between groups in left ventricular systolic function based on the linear assessment. No difference was observed in the reduction in left ventricular outflow tract velocity. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups for any variable on 24-h Holter monitor.ConclusionsSotalol may be a viable therapy to consider for dogs with severe SAS based on this pilot study. A larger, prospective study is necessary to investigate further. 相似文献
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Valérie Chetboul Cécile Damoiseaux Camille Poissonnier Marie Lavennes Sandrine Bertrand Nicolas Borenstein Luc Behr Jean-Louis Pouchelon Vassiliki Gouni Loïc Desquilbet 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(6):405-414
Introduction
The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of French bulldogs (FBs) with congenital pulmonic stenosis and document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).Animals
This study included 66 FBs with congenital pulmonic stenosis.Methods
Prospective cohort study including a survival analysis to assess time to CD.Results
In most cases (53/66, 80%), at least two obstructive lesions were observed, most commonly valvular and supravalvular (42/66, 64%), with pulmonary trunk hypoplasia in 40/66 (61%) of cases. The median Doppler-derived peak trans-stenotic pressure gradient (ΔP) was very high: 170 mmHg (range = 34–291 mmHg), with ΔP ≥ 200 mmHg in 33% of FBs. Among the 51 FBs with an available follow-up and that did not undergo surgical valvuloplasty, 21/51 (41%) died, 67% (14/21) of deaths being CD. The median survival time from diagnosis to CD was 2.8 years (interquartile range = 0.8–4.6 years). Univariate Cox proportional hazard analyses revealed that age (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.3 per 1 year increase; p = 0.02), clinical signs at presentation (HR = 3.7; p = 0.03), ΔP (HR = 1.2 per 10 mmHg increase; p = 0.01), right ventricular dilation (HR = 5.0; p = 0.04), severe tricuspid regurgitation (HR = 7.6; p = 0.001), and right-sided congestive heart failure (HR = 4.8; p = 0.05) were associated with time to CD. After adjustment for age and ΔP, tricuspid regurgitation remained significantly associated with time to CD (HR = 5.1; p = 0.02).Conclusions
Pulmonic stenosis in FBs is commonly severe and complex, with at least 2 obstructive lesions in most cases, a high incidence of pulmonary trunk hypoplasia and CD, and strong association between prognosis and tricuspid regurgitation severity. 相似文献11.
SUMMARY A modified open patch-graft technique was used to correct congenital pulmonic stenosis in 8 dogs. Pulmonary valve dysplasia was moderate to severe in all cases, based upon clinical and echocardiographic criteria, and 3 dogs were in right-sided congestive heart failure at the time of surgery. Seven of the 8 dogs survived the surgery. One surviving dog displayed cerebral cortical dysfunction, the remaining 6 had no detectable neurological sequelae. Right ventricular failure was alleviated in all 7 surviving dogs, but right ventricular dilatation persisted post-operatively. Pulmonary valvulectomy and open patch-grafting provides an effective means of alleviating signs of congestive heart failure caused by pulmonary valve dysplasia, even In the presence of severe infundibular hypertrophy and dynamic outflow obstruction. 相似文献
12.
Mandi E. Kleman Amara H. Estrada Herbert W. Maisenbacher Robert Prošek Brandon Pogue Andre Shih Joseph A. Paolillo 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(2):351-361
Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is one of the most common congenital cardiac malformations in dogs. Unfortunately, the long term success rate and survival data following either open heart surgery or catheter based intervention has been disappointing in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis. Medical therapy is currently the only standard recommended treatment option. A cutting balloon dilation catheter has been used successfully for resistant coronary artery and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenoses in humans. This catheter is unique in that it has the ability to cut, or score, the stenotic region prior to balloon dilatation of the stenosis. The use of cutting balloon valvuloplasty combined with high pressure valvuloplasty for dogs with severe subaortic stenosis has recently been reported to be a safe and feasible alternative therapeutic option. The following report describes this technique, outlines the materials required, and provides some ‘tips’ for successful percutaneous subaortic balloon valvuloplasty. 相似文献
13.
Willemse T Bardagi M Carlotti DN Ferrer L Fondati A Fontaine J Leistra M Noli C Ordeix L Scarampella F Schleifer S Sinke J Roosje P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(3):337-342
A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study was conducted on 25 dogs that had atopic dermatitis, together with skin test reactivity and elevated serum IgE to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and at least one additional allergen. Dogs were treated with either a Df-restricted immunotherapy solution (n = 14) or a placebo (n = 11) and evaluated 6 weeks and 3, 5, 7 and 9 months after the initiation of treatment using a clinical scoring system (SASSAD) and pruritus analogue scale scores. The Df-restricted solution and the placebo had an equal effect on both pruritus and the skin manifestations (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicate that in dogs with atopic dermatitis based on hypersensitivity to environmental allergens in addition to D. farinae, Df-restricted immunotherapy is insufficient to control the disease. Consequently, a solution for allergen-specific immunotherapy should remain customised. 相似文献
14.
M.W. Nolan M.M. Arkans D. LaVine T. DeFrancesco J.A. Myers E.H. Griffith L.P. Posner B.W. Keene S.P. Tou T.L. Gieger 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):132-143
Objectives
To determine the short-term safety and biologic activity of radiation therapy (RT) for presumptive cardiac hemangiosarcoma in pet dogs.Animals
Six dogs with echocardiographic evidence of a right atrial/auricular mass, and hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, were enrolled in a prospective, single-arm clinical trial.Methods
A single fraction of 12 Gy was delivered using conformal external beam irradiation. Serum cardiac troponin I and plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor were quantified before, 4 and 24 h after RT. The frequency of required pericardiocenteses (quantified as the number of pericardiocenteses per week) before RT was compared to that after treatment. Overall survival time was determined.Results
No treatment-related complications were observed. Pericardiocentesis was performed an average of 0.91 times per week before RT, and an average of 0.21 times per week after RT; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.03, as compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test of paired data). Pre- and post-treatment plasma vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were not significantly different at any time point; there was a statistically significant (p=0.04; Friedman's test for non-parametric repeated measures) increase in cardiac troponin concentrations 4 h after irradiation. Median overall survival time was 79 days.Conclusions
In this population of dogs, RT was delivered without complication, and appears to have reduced the frequency of periacardial tamponade that necessitated pericardiocentesis. Serum cardiac troponin levels are altered after RT. RT alone, or in combination with chemotherapy, may provide clinical benefit to dogs with presumptive diagnoses of cardiac hemangiosarcoma. 相似文献15.
Schatzberg SJ Haley NJ Barr SC de Lahunta A Sharp NJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(4):553-559
The objective of this investigation was to determine whether or not herpesvirus (herpes-), adenovirus (adeno-), or canine parvovirus DNA is present in the brains of dogs with necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE), and granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME). Paraffin-embedded brain specimens from 12 histopathologically confirmed dogs with NME, 3 with NLE, and 7 with GME were screened for viral DNA with degenerate herpes- and adenovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a canine parvovirus-specific PCR. Positive-control specimens included genomic viral DNA and paraffin-embedded tissues from dogs with confirmed herpes-, adeno-, or canine parvovirus infections. Herpes-, adeno-, or canine parvovirus DNA was amplified by PCR from the corresponding positive-control specimens. Negative controls included 7 dogs with various brain disorders and produced no viral amplicons. The 22 dogs with NME, NLE, and GME were negative for viral DNA. Additional studies testing for other viruses or inherited genetic mutations are warranted to gain insight into the etiologies of NME, NLE, and GME. We discuss potential etiologies and provide a clinical and histopathologic overview of these common canine encephalitides. 相似文献
16.
Giardia duodenalis causes gastro-intestinal (GI) disease and carries a zoonotic risk. The risk for infection depends on local prevalence and individual immunity, but clinical signs are inconsistent and the role of G. duodenalis in other GI diseases is unknown. The current study aims were to evaluate the prevalence of G. duodenalis in dogs presented to a university veterinary teaching hospital in Israel, investigate risk factors for infection and its associations with other diseases. Fecal samples from 163 dogs were tested for G. duodenalis by an antigen assay (FASTest® Giardia strip). Prevalence of G. duodenalis infection was 11.9 %. It was significantly associated with young age (≤1year) and canine parvoviral enteritis. Housing conditions, signs of GI disease or other systemic diseases were unassociated with infection. In conclusion, G. duodenalis infection prevalence is relatively low in the study population. Young age and diagnosis of co-infections are common, warranting screening for G. duodenalis. 相似文献
17.
Moore AS Dernell WS Ogilvie GK Kristal O Elmslie R Kitchell B Susaneck S Rosenthal R Klein MK Obradovich J Legendre A Haddad T Hahn K Powers BE Warren D 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(4):783-790
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the efficacy of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in prolonging posttreatment survival for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma after treatment with amputation and doxorubicin chemotherapy. HYPOTHESIS: Survival will be prolonged in dogs receiving BAY 12-9566. ANIMALS: The study included 303 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. METHODS: Dogs were treated with doxorubicin (30 mg/m2) every 2 weeks for 5 treatments starting 2 weeks after amputation. Dogs were randomly allocated to receive a novel nonpeptidic biphenyl inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, BAY 12-9566; 4-[4-4-(chlorophenyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-2S-(phenylthiomethyl) butanoic acid) or placebo after doxorubicin chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median survival for all 303 dogs was 8 months; and 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 35%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Treatment with BAY 12-9566 did not influence survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age (P = .004), increasing weight (P = .006), high serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P = .012) and high bone ALP (P < .001) were independently associated with shorter median survival times. Additional analyses on available data indicated that as the number of mitotic figures in the biopsy increased (P = .013), and as plasma active MMP-2 concentrations increased (P = .027), the risk of dying increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Doxorubicin is an effective adjuvant to amputation in prolonging survival for dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. 相似文献
18.
Complex mammary carcinoma with metastases to lymph nodes,subcutaneous tissue,and multiple joints in a dog
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Maggie R. McCourt Alexandra M. Dieterly Paige E. Mackey Shane D. Lyon Theresa E. Rizzi Jerry W. Ritchey 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(3):477-483
An 8‐year‐old, intact female, mixed‐breed dog presented to the Oklahoma State University Boren Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of progressive lameness and joint effusion of multiple joints. Physical examination revealed joint effusion of the elbow, hock, and stifle joints bilaterally, enlarged left axillary and right popliteal lymph nodes, a subcutaneous mass over the left elbow, and a subcutaneous mass involving the left second and third mammary glands. Cytologic examination of the mammary mass, enlarged lymph nodes, and joint fluid from most affected joints revealed a monomorphic population of loosely cohesive neoplastic epithelial cells. The patient was humanely euthanized, and subsequent necropsy with histopathologic examination revealed a complex mammary carcinoma with metastases to enlarged lymph nodes, subcutaneous tissue over the left elbow, and the synovium of multiple joints. Immunohistochemical stains were performed and showed diffusely positive pan cytokeratin, CK8/18, and CK19 staining in the neoplastic luminal epithelial cells of the mammary carcinoma, synovium, and lymph nodes, and showed diffusely positive vimentin staining of the myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial calponin positivity was diffuse in the mammary mass and lymph nodes but minimal in the synovium. Only the mammary mass showed p63 positivity. Metastatic mammary neoplasia is relatively common in dogs; however, metastasis to the synovium has only been reported once previously in the literature. This is the first case utilizing immunohistochemistry for confirmation and characterization of metastases. 相似文献
19.
von Euler H Einarsson R Olsson U Lagerstedt AS Eriksson S 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(5):696-702
Serum thymidine kinase (sTK) activity was evaluated as a tumor marker for canine malignant lymphoma (ML). The objective was to investigate if sTK, as in humans, could be used as a prognostic marker for survival time in dogs with ML and if sTK could identify early signs of progression of disease in treated dogs. Serum samples from 52 dogs with ML were tested for initial TK activity. Samples from 21 normal dogs and 25 dogs with nonhematologic neoplasms were used for comparison. Forty-four dogs with ML were treated. Serum TK activity was measured in treated dogs before each treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter until relapse. Dogs with ML had 2-180 times higher TK activity (TK 5-900 U/L) than normal dogs (TK <7 U/L) based on the mean + 2 standard deviations. In the group of other neoplasms, only 2 dogs had a moderate increase (6.4 and 7.5 U/L) compared with the controls. Mean sTK activities in the dogs with ML that had gone into complete remission (CR) were not significantly different from activities in healthy controls (P = .68). Mean sTK at least 3 weeks before and at the time of relapse was significantly higher than activity measured at CR (P < .0001). Dogs with ML that initially had sTK >30 U/L had significantly shorter survival times (P < .0001). Furthermore, sTK activity reflected the clinical staging of ML. Measuring sTK can be used as a powerful objective tumor marker for prognosis and for predicting relapse before recurrence of clinically detectable disease in dogs with ML undergoing chemotherapy. 相似文献
20.
Tidholm A Falk T Gundler S Svensson H Ablad B Sylvén C 《Research in veterinary science》2003,75(3):195-201
Nineteen euthyroid dogs of 12 breeds with echocardiographic signs of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and radiographic and clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) were evaluated in a randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. The dogs received either thyroxine or placebo as an adjunct to digoxin, furosemide and propranolol. The group assignment of individual dogs and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones remained unknown to owners and investigators during the entire study period. Dogs were evaluated clinically and with electrocardiography (ECG), thoracic radiography, echocardiography and measurement of total thyroxine (tT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) before beginning of the trial, and then one week, 2 months, 6 months and yearly after initial examination, and, when applicable, at the time of euthanasia. End-point of the study was euthanasia (n = 17) due to severe congestive heart failure or sudden death (n = 2). Survival times ranged from 17 to 1030 days (median 187 days) in the placebo group, and from 18 to 1000 days (median 73 days) in the treatment group. There was no statistically significant difference in survival times between the treatment group and the placebo group (p = 0.46). Post mortem and histopathologic examinations revealed the attenuated wavy fiber type of DCM in 11 dogs, and myocardial infarcts, arteriosclerosis and chronic valvular disease in one dog. In conclusion, there was a wide range in survival times of dogs treated with digoxin, furosemide and propranolol. Adding thyroid hormones to the treatment did not significantly influence survival. 相似文献