籼型优良恢复系南恢009的选育及利用

利用丰产性好、推广面积最大、应用时间最长的恢复系明恢63为母本，选用株型好、含部分粳稻血缘的恢复系宁恢7号为父本，通过有性杂交和定向培育，选择株型好的高代中间材料再与桂44复交，后代在不同生态环境下穿梭培育，定向选择，育成强优势恢复系南恢009。该恢复系具有恢复谱广、恢复力强、配合力高、生育期适中、较抗稻瘟病等特点，所配制的特优009、II优009等组合在各级区试中表现综合性状好，增产显著，其中特优009已通过福建省和国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

三系杂交水稻新恢复系主要经济性状研究

对新育成的三系杂交水稻恢复系的主要经济性状进行了研究。结果表明：有2份恢复系在结实率、穗实粒数、千粒重、穗长、有效穗5个主要经济性状上均优于明恢63,大部分新育恢复系的经济性状与明恢63相当;并对其原因进行了分析。     

不同Xa21转基因杂交稻组合的大田试验与分析

在北京、四川和江苏等地对Xa21转基因杂交稻进行了大田释放实验. 分别对转基因纯合的3个恢复系明恢63-Xa21、盐恢559-Xa21和C418-Xa21与各种不育系配组的23个杂交组合进行了抗性和农艺性状分析. 在不同的杂合遗传背景下转基因Xa21稳定遗传和高效表达, 所有杂交组合均具有对白叶枯病的广谱抗性. 转基因恢复系配制的杂交组合与     

水稻籼粳交恢复系茎秆抗倒性的配合力分析

本研究以通过不断聚合和累加不同籼粳亚种有利基因的方法,自育成的不同籼粳分化类型的12个恢复系,与8个两系和三系不育系为材料,采用植物数量性状配合力（NCⅡ设计）分析方法,研究了6个茎秆抗倒性状的配合力和群体遗传参数。结果表明：所考察的6个茎秆抗倒性状的遗传受亲本基因加性效应和非加性效应的影响。倒伏指数、抗折力以非加性效应为主;株高、弯曲力矩、茎椭圆截面积以基因加性效应为主;亲本基因加性效应和非加性效应对后代茎壁截面积的作用相似。恢复系的遗传效应对杂交组合茎秆抗倒性起主要作用。抗折力和弯曲力矩性状除了受亲本特殊配合力的影响外,恢复系的一般配合力也起重要作用。K17A、广抗13A和II-32A三个不育系表现降低籼粳杂种株高超亲和提高抗倒性的遗传效应;明恢509、明恢512、明恢502和明恢398四个恢复系在降低倒伏指数方面较其他恢复系具有明显优势,且株高一般配合力为负效应,在提高茎秆抗倒性为目标的育种实践中有重要利用价值。     

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536的选育与应用

杂交水稻恢复系南恢536是南平市农科所利用强恢复系明恢86与优质恢复系多恢43杂交，育成的在产量、品质和落粒性等方面较明恢86有所改善的籼型恢复系，它具有恢复力强，恢复谱广，配合力好，制种产量高等特点。用南恢536配组的中晚稻杂优新组合Ⅱ优536于2005年通过福建省品种审定。     

水稻广谱恢复系蓉恢906的选育及利用

蓉恢906是成都市第二农科所用明恢63作母本,特青早作父本杂交选育而成的籼型优质恢复系.该恢复系株型好、穗大、配合力强、米质优、与不育系地谷A配组育成的地谷A×蓉恢906于1995年通过四川省区试,与冈46A、Ⅱ-32A配组育成的冈优906、Ⅱ优906于1997年、1999年分别通过四川省品种审定委员会审定.     

三系恢复系‘Q恢28’恢复特性及其杂种优势分析

为进一步挖掘优良恢复系‘Q恢28’在杂交水稻新组合培育和恢复系创制中的使用潜力,本研究利用SSR标记检测‘Q恢28’的恢复基因,并计算分析与其他12个恢复系和10个不育系的遗传关系,同时对‘Q恢28’的花药、花粉特征及其杂交组合正常花粉率、结实率、产量等进行分析和研究。结果表明,‘Q恢28’与供试的其他恢复系遗传差异较大,含有恢复基因Rf3、Rf4、Rf6,其花药和花粉发育水平与‘明恢63’、‘辐恢838’、‘蜀恢527’、‘成恢727’、‘绵恢725’等强恢复力的恢复系相当;与供试不育系遗传距离较大,杂种优势强。本研究为‘Q恢28’强优势杂交组合配组和恢复系创新利用提供理论依据和技术指导。     

籼稻恢复系凯恢608的选育及利用

凯恢608是黔东南州农科所用强优恢复系6326(密阳46×明恢63)作母本,国际系统多抗恢复系IR36作父本杂交,经多代抗性筛选及配合力测定育成的株型好、抗稻瘟病、综合丰产性佳、品质优良、恢复力强的强优恢复系.     

优质高产杂交水稻新品种D优158

D优158系四川农业大学水稻研究所用D62A与蜀恢158配组而成的三系杂交新组合。蜀恢158系用蜀恢527与绵恢725杂交,经过系统选育而成的新恢复系,该恢复系株型松散适中、株叶形态好、秆硬抗倒分蘖力较强、开花习性好、花粉量充足、恢复力强、配合力高。经双列杂交与多个不育系测交试验,一代种结实率82%～90%,比明恢63所配组合增产4%～8%。     

野生稻（Oryza rufipogon）新质源雄性不育恢复系的研究

发掘野生稻（O. rufipogon）新型雄性不育细胞质源,育成新质源优质米不育系的基础上进一步研究新质源雄性不育恢复系的育种技术—FA型细胞质雄性不育恢复系定向育种。用野生稻（非轮回亲本）与籼稻品种明恢63（轮回亲本）杂交和多次回交,后代再经过自交,将野生稻中的可育基因分离、转移、重组、整合到明恢63遗传背景中,获得农艺性状似明恢63,花粉和小穗全可育不分离的野生稻新质源恢复系金恢1号。用新质源不育系与金恢1号组配两个组合,其花粉和小穗育性都恢复到正常可育水平,产量高,米质优,实现了新质源不育系三系配套应用和大幅度提高杂交稻稻米外观品质的目的。这项育种新技术可以将水稻可育基因（恢复基因）转移到任一水稻品种中育成细胞质雄性不育恢复系,突破了新质源恢复系育种的技术瓶颈,极大地提高了恢复系利用稻种资源的育种潜力,为FA型新质源优质米不育系的杂交稻育种开辟了一条崭新的途径。新型（FA）细胞质源杂交稻可能对丰富杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性、提高杂交稻亲本对稻种资源的利用潜力、以及实质性提高杂交稻的稻米品质和产量水平都将产生积极和深远的影响。     

水稻宜恢1577的籼粳特性鉴别和产量配合力分析

应用程侃声先生提出的形态指数法，对宜恢1577从稃毛、酚反应、第1～2穗节间的长度、抽穗时壳色、叶毛和粒形六个性状进行了鉴别，确定了宜恢1577是偏粳型水稻材料；用4个不育系与6个恢复系组成4×6不完全双列杂交作配合力分析，结果宜恢1577一般配合力效应值为0.226，明恢63为-0.113，认为宜恢1577一般配合力优于明恢63。     

A male sterile line with dominant gene (Ms) in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and its utilization for hybrid seed production

A male sterile plant, 79-399-3, was identified from a spring cabbage line 79-399 in 1979. Light-microscopic studies with paraffin section indicated that meiotic division stopped at the tetrad stage. The ratio of male sterile plants to fertile plants in the progenies of test crosses was 1:1 in five experiments conducted in 1982 and 1991–1994. However, some male sterile plants were sensitive and developed a very low number of viable pollen grains. When sensitive male sterile plants were selfed, the progenies segregated into male sterile and fertile plants at a ratio of 3:1. The male sterile plants from selfing of sensitive male sterile plants were propagated by tissue culture and crossed with different inbred lines. From the progenies of the crosses, populations with 100% male sterile plants were observed. The results indicated that homozygous dominant male sterile (MsMs) plants segregated from the selfed progenies. Populations with 100% male sterile plants and stable male sterility were developed as male sterile lines. Several favorable combinations were also selected by crossing the male sterile lines with inbred lines with high combining ability for desirable horticultural characters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of QTLs mapped in RILs and their test-cross progenies of tropical maize for insect resistance and agronomic traits

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting resistance to south-western corn borer Diatraea grandiosella (SWCB) and sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (SCB) have been identified previously in F_2:3 lines and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of tropical maize using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Our objective was to determine whether QTLs identified in these generations are also expressed in test crosses (TC) of RILs. A population of 166 TC progenies was developed by crossing RILs from the cross CML131 (susceptible) × CML67 (resistant) with the unrelated, susceptible tester line CML216. Resistance to first-generation SWCB, measured as leaf-feeding damage (LFD) under artificial infestation, and other agronomic traits were evaluated in two environments for the TC progenies and three environments for 183 RILs. The correlation between line per se and TC performance was low for LFD and intermediate for most agronomic traits. Estimates of the genotypic variance and heritabilities were smaller in the TC progenies than in the RILs for all traits. Quantitative trait loci were identified using an RFLP linkage map with 136 loci. For LFD, four QTLs were detected in the TC progenies, of which two were in common with nine QTLs previously mapped in the RILs. Few QTLs for agronomic traits were common to the two types of progeny, because of the low consistency of QTL positions for all traits in RIL and TC progenies, the use of TC progenies should be considered in QTL mapping studies as the first step for marker-assisted selection in hybrid breeding.     

Breeding of transgenic rice restorer line for multiple resistance against bacterial blight, striped stem borer and herbicide

In this paper, we described the breeding of transgenic rice restorer line for multiple resistance against bacterial blight, striped stem borer (SSB) and herbicide by conventional crossing of two transgenic parental lines transformed independently with different genes. Two stable transgenic rice lines used as donor parents were developed, one was Zhongguo91 which contained cry1Ab gene (for insect resistance) and bar gene (for tolerance of herbicide), and the other was Yujing6 which contained Xa21 gene (resistance to bacterial blight). The elite restorer line Hui773 was used as recipient and crossed with the two stable transgenic rice lines. Then five successive backcrosses were made using Hui773 as recurrent parent. Two rice elite restorers, T773-1 expressing cry1Ab and bar genes and T773-2 expressing Xa21 gene, were obtained, which were confirmed by PCR analysis and testing selectable marker genes in the hybrid progenies. The cross was made between T773-1 and T773-2 to select stable restorer line carrying Xa21, cry1Ab and bar genes. Finally, we obtained transgenic restorer line T773 with good agronomic traits and obvious multiple resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) and herbicide. The hybrid F₁ generation produced from the cross between transgenic restorer line T773 and a corresponding male sterile line Zaohua2A maintained obvious resistance to rice bacterial blight, rice leaffolder and striped stem borer, and showed significant heterosis. Our results indicate that it is feasible to develop transgenic hybrid rice cultivar through breeding transgenic restorer lines.     

白芥和甘蓝型油菜属间杂种后代种子结构比较

白芥具有很多优良的农艺性状,从白芥和甘蓝型油菜属间体细胞杂种后代中筛选出多个具有黄籽或趋向黄籽性状的株系,利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜技术观察它们种子的结构。回交后代种皮解剖结构与甘蓝型油菜相似,而与白芥相差较远。种皮色素主要分布在栅栏层,甘蓝型油菜和部分后代株系中有色素分布,而白芥和部分黄籽后代株系中没有色素分布。栅栏层在甘蓝型油菜中最厚,在白芥中最薄,而后代介于两者之间。回交后代和甘蓝型油菜种皮表面纹饰为网-穴状,白芥为沟槽状或水疱状。胚子叶细胞面积以白芥最小,甘蓝型油菜最大,后代介于两者之间;而蛋白体面积指数以白芥最大,甘蓝型油菜最小,后代介于两者之间。超微结构观察表明,亲本和后代蛋白体均为球状晶体蛋白体,油体有大、小两种,其大小在亲本和后代间有差异。上述结果表明,回交后代株系种子解剖结构与甘蓝型油菜相近,种皮颜色、色泽深浅和栅栏层厚度,以及胚子叶细胞大小、油体和蛋白体等受亲本白芥的影响而发生变化。     

Pure line selection for improved yield, oil content and different fatty acid composition of sesame, Sesamum indicum

The aims of this study were estimation of the variability of seed yield, oil content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content in single plant progenies and lines derived from Turkish sesame populations, and the improvement of different type lines with regard to high seed yield, high oil content and specific fatty acid composition. Different types of lines were developed—i.e. lines which yielded over 1000 kg seeds/ha from the yield type progenies and lines which yielded over 63% of oil content from oil type progenies—but it was not possible to improve lines where fatty acid composition differed dramatically from that of oleic and linoleic type progenies.     

广亲和粳稻恢复系选育方法

广亲和粳稻恢复系的选育除采用ＷＡ型恢复与广亲和粳稻杂交选育和不同广亲和恢复系间杂交选育外,本研究提出以粳稻为父本杂交选育的４种办法：１、以型杂交稻Ｆ１为母本转育同质广亲和恢复系;２、以ＷＡ型下育系为母本筛选同质广亲和恢复系;３、以ＷＡ型广亲和不育系为母本,筛选同质广亲和恢复系;４、以同质广亲和恢复系为母本转育新的恢复系。用上述方法已育成０２４２８等广亲和恢复系,并可同时恢复ＷＡ型和ＢＴ型胞质不育系     

Pyramiding of insect- and disease-resistance genes into an elite indica, cytoplasm male sterile restorer line of rice,'Minghui 63'

The wild‐rice‐derived dominant gene Xa21 conferring multi‐race resistance to bacterial blight and a fused Bt gene cry1Ab/cry1Ac conferring resistance to lepidopteran insects were individually introduced into the same genetic background of an elite indica cytoplasm male sterile (CMS) restorer line ‘Minghui 63′. The line showed the desirable insect‐ and disease‐resistant phenotypes. To maximize the effect, the two genes were also pyramided into the same recipient plant of ‘Minghui 63’ by marker‐assisted selection. After being subjected to natural infestation of leaf‐folders and yellow stem borers and inoculation of Xoo strain mixtures, the pyramiding line and its derived hybrids showed high levels of resistance against both insect damage and disease. Furthermore, data from field trials demonstrated that the hybrids made by crossing this pyramiding line with the CMS lines ‘Zhenshan 97A’ and ‘Maxie A’ retained a similar level of yield under conditions without chemical spray, indicating that the pyramiding genes have a yield‐stabilizing effect on the recipient line and its hybrids.     

粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析

收集具有代表性的BT型粳稻不育系、保持系及恢复系各16个,共配制229个杂交粳稻组合,就三系亲本的性状特征、粳稻的杂种优势、不同性状亲子间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：(1) 恢复系和保持系的潜在库容相近,但恢复系分蘖性较弱、结实率和千粒重较低,单株产量显著低于保持系。恢复系的垩白度显著高于保持系,直链淀粉含量极显著低于保持系。改良外观品质和提高结实率是今后恢复系选育的主要目标。(2) 杂交粳稻普遍存在较强的中亲优势,多数性状的超亲优势不强,但在生长势上则表现非常明显的竞争优势。杂交粳稻大穗优势突出,但结实率多表现负向优势,是目前制约杂交粳稻产量优势发挥的主要限制因素。(3) 杂种的多数性状由不育系和恢复系共同决定,杂种与中亲值的相关性最好。比较而言,抽穗期、穗总粒数等性状与不育系关系较为密切,株高、穗实粒数、结实率、品质性状与恢复系关系较为密切。     

Isolation and genetic characterization of a fertility-restoring revertant induced from cytoplasmic male sterile rice

Summary A male fertile revertant was isolated from M₁ of a cytoplasmic male sterile indica rice line II-32A, the dry seeds of which were treated with ⁶⁰Co- rays at a dose of 290 Gy. The acquired revertant T24 was morphologically and agronomically similar to II-32B, the maintainer of II-32A. Testcrosses of the revertant with II-32A and Zhenshan 97A showed that the revertant was able to restore the fertility of CMS lines. Genetic analysis of the progenies between T24 and II-32A, Zhenshan 97A XieqingzaoA and DZhenshan 97A, which have different cytoplasms, showed that the fertility restoration of four CMS lines by T24 involved one nuclear gene, indicating that T24 was a result of the mutation of one nuclear gene. The mechanism of the restoration of CMS line by T24 was obviously different from other restorers such as Minghui 63 and 20964, which were shown to behave in two gene mode in fertility restoration. The discovery of the revertant T24 contributes to the understanding of CMS and fertility restoration of CMS in rice. The T24 and its parent II-32A may constitute a pair of near isogenic lines for the restoring gene, which should be valuable materials for molecular genetic analysis of CMS.