杜鹃属ISSR-PCR反应体系优化

为了优化杜鹃属ISSR-PCR反应体系,以“毛叶杜鹃”叶片为试验材料,应用正交试验与单因素试验相结合,对PCR反应体系的因素Mg2+、Taq DNA聚合酶、引物及DNA模板进行优化组合,确定杜鹃属植物ISSR-PCR的20μL最优反应体系为:Mg2+1.5mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1U、模板DNA 20ng、引物0.9μmol/L、d NTPs 0.2mmol/L。     

观叶福禄桐ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

以福禄桐叶片为试材,采用正交实验和单因子试验,分析模板DNA、Mg2+、Taq酶、引物和dNTP五个因子对福禄桐ISSR-PCR反应的影响。结果表明:福禄桐ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系为在25μL反应体系中,模板DNA为15ng,Mg2+3.0mmol/L,Taq酶0.5U,引物0.6μmol/L,dNTP 0.20mmol/L,通过梯度PCR试验得到相应引物最佳退火温度为47℃;该试验可为福禄桐遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系等提供理论基础。     

金线莲ISSR-PCR反应体系建立

利用正交设计L16(45)对金线莲ISSR-PCR反应体系的5因素(模板DNA、Taq酶、引物、Mg2+和dNTP)在4个水平上进行优化试验,采用直观分析法获得影响因素最佳反应水平。结果表明:最终建立的金线莲ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系为,在25μL的反应体系中,DNA模板为40ng、Taq酶为1.60U、引物浓度为0.80mmol/L、dNTP浓度为0.96mmol/L、Mg2+浓度为2.40mmol/L。该反应体系的建立为金线莲种质资源分类、遗传多样性分析提供了更客观可靠的方法。     

枇杷iPBS分子标记的PCR体系优化与引物筛选

以枇杷的DNA为模板进行iPBS-PCR扩增,采用预备试验中效果较好的iPBS分子标记引物2241,对枇杷iPBS-PCR反应体系中的dNTP、Mg2+、引物、模板用量进行优化。根据检测结果确定枇杷iPBS-PCR使用10×Taq buffer 2μL,25mM Mg2+1.6μL,2.5mM dNTP 1.6μL,10μmol/L Primer 1μL,5U/μL Taq酶0.2μL,模板DNA 5ng的20μL反应体系。反应程序中的退火温度可以参考iPBS引物理论Tm值。对33条iPBS引物扩增测试的结果显示在该反应体系下可以筛选到谱带清晰、多态性好的引物22条,可用于枇杷的分子标记分析。     

利用正交试验建立橄榄的ISSR-PCR反应体系

采用正交试验设计,对影响橄榄ISSR-PCR的5个主要因素(Mg2+浓度、dNTP、Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA浓度和引物浓度)在4个水平上进行优化筛选,建立了适合橄榄ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系。即20μl体系中含有Mg2+3.0 mmol/L、dNTP 0.225 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶1 U、模板DNA80 ng和引物0.25μmol/L,利用该体系对多个橄榄品种进行ISSR分析取得良好结果。     

茶花品种ISSR指纹图谱反应体系建立与优化

以30个茶花品种为试材,采用5因素4水平正交实验以及单因素优化试验方法,研究Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、引物浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度和模板DNA浓度对ISSR-PCR指纹图谱条带清晰度的影响,以进行茶花品种ISSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选。结果表明:茶花品种ISSR-PCR最适扩增条件为25μL反应体系中,Mg2+3.0mmol/L、dNTPs 0.2mmol/L、引物0.3mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶0.5U、模板DNA 80ng以及52.1℃退火温度;试验从100个ISSR引物中筛选出12个适用引物;并对12个ISSR引物的多态性和稳定性进行了检验。     

杜鹃花ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

以杜鹃花为试验材料,采用正交实验方法,研究模板DNA浓度、ISSR引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、Mg2+浓度等5个因素对ISSR-PCR反应体系的影响,以建立适合杜鹃花的ISSR-PCR最佳扩增体系。结果表明:杜鹃花ISSR反应体系的最佳条件为模板DNA用量为60ng/20μL,ISSR引物浓度0.60μmol/L,dNTPs浓度0.50μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度30U/mL,Mg2+浓度为0.6mmol/L。采用该反应体系可以从10份杜鹃花(R.simsii)基因组内扩增出稳定性高、重复性好ISSR-PCR产物。该研究为杜鹃花的遗传多样性分析、ISSR指纹图谱构建、亲缘关系鉴定等研究奠定了基础。     

东部白松SRAP反应体系的建立和优化

以东部白松针叶DNA为模板,采取正交实验设计L16(45)对SRAP-PCR反应体系的5个因素(Taq酶,Mg2+,dNTPs,模板DNA,引物)在4个水平上进行优化试验。结果表明:确定东部白松SRAP-PCR最佳反应体系(20μL):Taq酶0.5 U,Mg2+1.5 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.15mmol/L,模板DNA 50 ng,引物0.1μmol/L。     

番茄SRAP-PCR反应体系建立与优化

利用正交实验设计L16(45)对番茄SRAP-PCR反应体系的5个因素(Mg2+、dNTPs、引物、Taq DNA聚合酶和模板DNA)在4个水平上进行优化试验研究。结果表明:各因素水平变化对反应体系影响的大小依次为:Mg2+dNTPs引物Taq DNA聚合酶模板DNA;建立的番茄SRAP-PCR最佳体系(25μL)为:Mg2+2.5mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶0.5U、dNTPs0.25mmol/L、引物0.4μmol/L、模板DNA 80ng。     

正交设计优化大白菜ISSR-PCR反应体系

以大白菜为试材,采用新型植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取大白菜基因组DNA,采用正交实验设计方法,对dNTPs、Mg2+、Taq DNA聚合酶、引物、及模板DNA五因素四水平进行优化,筛选并建立了适合大白菜的ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明:25μL的反应体系中含有1.5mmol/L Mg2+、200μmol/L dNTP、0.5UTaq DNA聚合酶、0.7μmol/L引物、30ng模板DNA。在此基础上探讨了最佳循环次数,应用该优化反应体系,用3个不同循环数对资源DNA进行ISSR-PCR扩增,结果显示优化的反应体系适宜的循环次数是30。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.