Poetry and Pacific studies: notes from the field

After many years at the University of the South Pacific (where this paper was written), William Clarke is currently a Visiting Fellow in Resource Management in the Asia-Pacific Project at the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra. Following a brief review of the place of oral poetry and song in Pacific Island societies, aspects of contemporary life are examined through the words of present-day Pacific poets. Topics examined include tourism, land issues, cultural identity and authenticity, the place of women in Pacific societies, corruption, environmental issues, population growth and urbanisation. A central theme of the discussion is that the poetic voice can heighten our attention towards and understandings of people’s lives and feelings.     

Reconciliation or exclusion? Integrating indigenous and non-indigenous land management concepts for Australia’s Native Title era

Indigenous and non-indigenous concepts of land ownership and use are fundamental elements in Australian debate on the implications of Native Title for development. However these approaches are not necessarily incompatible but can be reconciled. Drawing on evidence from the central Australian rangelands, this paper argues that the adaptations of land use practised by indigenous people, who have converted their land tenure from pastoral leasehold to Aboriginal freehold land, suggest that such reconciliation is possible and practical. Provision of appropriate support tools, such as participatory extension for improved land management, or community land management planning, strengthen the integration of indigenous and non-indigenous land management approaches. Successful integration will be essential for the management of Australia’s rangelands under Native Title.     

The challenge of sustainable tourism development in the Maldives: Understanding the social and political dimensions of sustainability

Issues of power and politics are central to the development of the tourism sector and its prospects for contributing to sustainable development. This is demonstrated through a case study of the evolution of tourism in the Maldives, a luxury tourism destination where the government has followed a consistent policy of ‘quality tourism’ that has often been cited as a prime example of sustainable tourism. However, recently concerns have been raised about environmental degradation, human rights abuses, connections between the political and economic elite, and huge economic disparities associated with tourism here. Research on sustainable tourism needs to recognise the state's pivotal role in directing tourism development and consider how states balance the competing interests of other powerful tourism stakeholders.     

Reviews

Mason Durie Te Mana Te Kawanatanga: the politics of Maori self-determination Christopher Lingle Singapore’s authoritarian capitalism: Asian values, free market illusions and political dependency Roland J. L. Breton Atlas of the languages and ethnic communities of South Asia Lenore Manderson and Margerat Jolly (eds) Sites of desire, economies of pleasure: sexualities in Asia and the Pacific Eric Venbrux A Death in the TWI Islands: conflict, ritual and social life in an Australian community Brij V. Lal A vision for change     

On Legal Operation of Urban Land

From the view point of combination of laws with economy, this paper discusses the content,object, nature, investment method and operation style for the urban land operation, the problems in legal operation of urban land were ara lysed.     

河南省人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调发展研究

分析河南省人口城镇化和土地城镇化协调发展水平,以推进城镇化健康发展。以人口城镇化与土地城镇化2 方面为切入点,从资源环境、经济、社会因子出发,选取了14 个评价指标,并运用熵值法确定指标权重。结果表明：（1）2000—2014 年河南省人口城镇化和土地城镇化各因素指数不断上升,生活水平和人口构成增长的幅度明显快于产业结构和人口素质,2000—2006 年,城镇规模指数＞产出水平指数＞投入水平指数,2008 年投入水平指数超过城镇规模指数和产出水平指数;（2）河南省城镇化协调发展水平大致经历了失调衰退发展阶段（2000—2004 年）、过渡阶段（2005 年）和协调发展阶段（2006—2014 年）,协调发展度由0.15 提高到0.99;（3）人口城镇化与土地城镇化指数整体上呈持续上升趋势,2013 年土地城镇化指数超过人口城镇化指数,河南省人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调发展水平步入优质协调发展阶段。该研究得出了河南省人口-土地城镇化协调发展的时间演变规律,为推动中原经济区的“三化协调”发展和社会的全面进步提供了现实指导价值。     

中国农村集体土地所有权的缺陷与完善

随着社会的发展,我国农村集体土地所有权已不适应生产力的发展要求,它的改革已经成为目前学术界关注的热点。本文试图从农村集体土地所有权的主体、客体、权能以及管理的现状,分析我国现行农村土地所有权存在的问题,并同时提出自己的一些完善见解和建议,以期能对完善我国集体土地所有权制度有所助益。     

Reviews

Books reviewed: Joel S. Kahn (ed), Southeast Asian identities: culture and the politics of representation in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand Peter Dauvergne, Shadows in the forest: Japan and the politics of timber in Southeast Asia Geoffrey Murray, China: the next superpower: dilemmas in change and continuity Lynne T. White, Unstately Power, Volume I: Local causes of China's economic reforms; Volume II: Local causes of China's intellectual, legal and government reforms Amarjit Kaur, Economic change in East Malaysia: Sabah and Sarawak since 1850 Josieana Cauqueline, Paul Lim and Birgit Mayer-König, Asian values: encounter with diversity     

Conservation costs: Nature‐based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park,Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature‐based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.     

农村土地整治社会可持续性评价初探

为促进土地整治社会可持续性评价相关研究及实践应用,提出了农村土地整治社会可持续性的基本概念,基于PSR模型,构建了评价指标体系,并进行了综合评价。结果表明,通过典型案例分析,压力、状态及响应的评价分值分别为0.50、0.65、0.68,社会可持续综合评价值为0.62,协调指数为1.72,总体上处于中等可持续的水平。随着城镇扩张,耕地减少,城乡用地矛盾加大,土地整治的驱动力随之增强,相关部门应做好相应配套措施,缓解社会压力,提升社会状态,促进农村土地整治活动社会层面的可持续。     

Reviews

Books reviewed: H.W. Arndt and Hal Hill (eds), Southeast Asia’s economic crisis: Origins, lessons and the way forward William Cline, Trade and income distribution Morris Goldstein, The Asian financial crisis: Causes, curses and systemic implications Lamont Lindstrom and James Gwero (eds), Big Wok: Storian blong Wol Wo Tu long Vanuatu     

Study on Sustainability of Engineering Project

The necessity of the sustainability of engineering project for human society development is identified at first, then a summary of the concepts of sustainable development or sustainability is represented and the sustainability of engineering project is proposed and expounded in this paper.     

Tourism

The development of tourism in New Zealand during the 1990s reflects an intensification of many of the trends that were beginning to emerge in the latter part of the preceding decade, notably in terms of growth and change. The environment for tourism in the 1990s, however, was more fluid and challenging than it had been earlier. Growth continued, despite some major perturbations due to such factors as the Asian economic crisis. The industry proved its resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions, institutional restructuring occurred and tourism in New Zealand generally became more diverse and complex. Increasing attention, but not much action, was directed at some of the externalities that the growth of tourism was generating.     

Sustainable Development of City

This paper discusses the strategies of sustainable city development and approaches of sustainable city planning and design. The definition and essentials of sustainable city are also explored, and it is pointed out that constructing sustainable city would be a historical tendency.     

地权认知、资源禀赋、信任与农地流转的实证研究

为研究影响农地流转的因素,2009—2011年,利用实地调查和计量研究方法,对3次在贵州5个县调查取得的404户农户的资料进行实证分析。结果表明影响农地流转的因素至少可以从3个维度进行探讨,即一是农户对地权的认知,二是资源禀赋,三是信任。农户对地权的认知和农户的资源禀赋影响农地流转意愿,信任不仅影响农户流转农地时对契约的选择,而且影响农地能否顺利流转。     

农村土地房屋资产管理研究进展

随着城镇化进程的推进,农村土地房屋流转在现实生活中日趋频繁,农村土地房屋资产管理问题进一步凸显。笔者综合运用文献资料法、对比分析法,围绕加强农村土地房屋资产管理的必要性、农村土地房屋资产管理面临的突出问题以及开展农村土地房屋资产管理创新探索3个命题,对学术界的研究成果进行梳理汇总,揭示了相关学术研究取得的成果、存在的主要问题,并展望了国内农村土地房屋资产管理研究的方向与重点。研究提出加强农村土地房屋资产管理,应当强化农村土地房屋资产管理主体、开展农村土地房屋资产清产核资、建立农村土地房屋资产收益分配机制、建立农村土地房屋资产评估服务体系、培育农村土地房屋资产市场。     

四川乡村旅游地区土地利用变化特征区域分异——基于平乐镇和梭坡乡的实证

通过分析四川省典型的丘陵、山地乡村旅游地区的土地利用变化特征及其差异,为乡村土地合理利用提供参考.以四川丘陵区的平乐镇和高山峡谷区的梭坡乡为研究区,收集乡村旅游相关文献和资料,使用遥感影像和外业调查绘制不同时期土地利用类型分布图,分析土地利用类型转移特征和变化强度,比较不同乡村旅游地区土地利用变化差异.结果 表明:(1...     

Vakavanua,vakamatanitū: discourses of development in Fiji

Discourses about development have contributed to profound socio-economic transformation in all parts of the world. This paper examines the development debate in Fiji with particular reference to two distinctive approaches: state-led developmentalism (vakamatanitū) and a discourse about custom-led development (vakavanua). Political and economic dimensions of these alternative discourses are reviewed with particular reference to land tenure systems in Fiji. Challenges to both vakamatanitū and vakavanua from an emerging literature on globalism will shift the focus of debate from ‘intentional’ to ‘immanent’ development in Fiji.     

Golden goose or Trojan horse? Cruise ship tourism in Pacific development

Abstract: Pacific governments seeking to expand national economies are increasingly looking to tourism to provide revenues. At the same time, companies that operate cruise ships are searching for new destinations for increasing numbers of larger, faster ships which they are launching to cater for steadily increasing demand for cruises. The Pacific region appeals to both companies and passengers as a cruise destination. This coincidence would, at first glance, seem to provide an opportunity for a mutually beneficial relationship between companies and governments in the region. But little is presently available to those in the Pacific who must decide what role this form of tourism might play in their future. This paper reviews some of the environmental, economic and societal impacts of cruise ship tourism and concludes that, managed effectively, this form of tourism can yield higher returns with lower risks than some alternatives and could form a part of a sustainable tourism policy.     

Agrarian change and diversity in the light of Brookfield,Boserup and Malthus: Historical illustrations from Sulawesi,Indonesia

Abstract: This paper uses historical sources to examine the relationship between demography, economy and ecology in three parts of the island of Sulawesi (Indonesia) over a long time period. Broadly speaking, these case studies suggest both the density of population and the intensity of agricultural activity at any given time and place were controlled by two factors. The first was the agricultural potential of the natural environment in terms of soil, climate and topography: populations were denser, and farming more area‐intensive, in naturally fertile areas. The second was the extent to which the local economy was commercialised rather than subsistence‐oriented: when commerce grew, so did both the population and the intensity of its farming systems. In terms of ecological sustainability and resilience, densely populated enclaves of intensive, commercialised agriculture tended to perform better than did sparsely populated and economically isolated areas of subsistence production, where progressive deforestation and land degradation sometimes occurred. Although one reason for this was simply that the former were located on better soils than the latter, other reasons included the greater use of tree crops, and the greater availability of labour for investment in what Brookfield called ‘landesque capital’, which characterised the more populous and commercialised areas.