《95STCW-F》对职务船员雷达模拟器培训的要求

近二十年来,渔船之间、渔船与商船之间碰撞事故频频发生,根据辽宁省渔业船舶海损事故统计,船舶碰撞事故所占比例比较大,1984～1993年十年间,碰撞事故占事故总数的41％,其中较高年份有1988年的56％,1989年的53％,1992年的66％。据统计,1990年到1997年八年间辽宁省渔业船舶碰撞事故占总事故的47.8％。碰撞事故连年居高不下。 从重大事故来看,大多数集中在渔船与商船     

船舶自动识别系统在渔业领域中的应用

近年来,海上交通运输业迅速发展,运输船舶已达到20余万艘,进出港口船数大幅增加,运输航线密布.海上交通运输业的发展给近海捕捞渔船的安全生产带来了极大的挑战.在商船运输航线附近作业的我国近海渔船数量繁多,渔船与商船碰撞事故频发,从近年来渔船与商船碰撞事故发生的海域分析,大多数事故都集中在近海海域的运输船舶习惯航线附近,而且渔船与商船碰撞事故发生后商船逃逸的情况时常发生.渔船被商船碰撞发生事故已成为当前影响渔业安全生产的主要因素之一,给渔民的生命财产安全造成了重大损失,影响了渔区社会和谐稳定.     

农业部交通运输部联合开展商船渔船安全警示教育活动

本刊讯今年以来,我国沿海水域受大雾等恶劣气象条件的影响,商船与渔船碰撞事故多发,给人民群众生命财产造成较大损失。为深化落实《交通运输部农业部水上安全管理合作备忘录》,有效遏制海上险情事故多发势头,农业部会同交通运输部近日联合启动商船渔船安全警示教育活动（以下简称警示教育活动）。警示教育活动集中开展三个月,以＂关爱渔民生命,关注船舶安全＂为主题,旨在提高商船和渔船从业人员的安全生产意识,推动落实水上安全生产主体责任,减少和避免船舶碰撞事故发生,促进海上安全生产形势稳定好转。     

渔船驾驶员应知应会：十三、如何使碰撞案件得到有利解决

近年来，我国渔船与商船曾发生多起恶性碰撞事故，并且还多次与外轮相碰，结果造成船舶受损，严重的造成沉船及人员伤亡。渔船碰撞事故在船舶海损事故中，频率最高、损失最大、涉及面也最广。这样，寻找解决这类案件的途径，提供正确处理这类案件的方法就显得更为重要。特别是远洋渔船，在公海与他国港口码头，一旦与该国船舶发生碰撞，那么，如何使自己的船舶在碰撞案件中处于有利的地位。     

十三、如何使碰撞案件得到有利解决

<正> 近年来,我国渔船与商船曾发生多起恶性碰撞事故,并且还多次与外轮相碰,结果造成船舶受损,严重的造成沉船及人员伤亡。渔船碰撞事故在船舶海损事故中,频率最高、损失最大、涉及面也最广。这样,寻找解决这类案件的途径,提供正确处理这类案件的方法就显得更为重要。特别是远洋渔船,在公海与他国港口码头,一旦与该国船舶发生碰撞,那么,如何使自己的船舶在碰撞案件中处于有利的地位。从对方那儿获得最大程度的赔偿费或向对方付给最小限度的损失费呢?这是每个渔船船员应掌握的海事知识。     

重视渔场作业时的避让

近年来,随着渔船数量的增加,渔场上的船只密度相应提高,尤其在渔汛期间,成千艘各类渔船云集在一起作业,造成的船舶碰撞或渔具拖损事故逐渐增多,严重地影响了生产,应当引起我们的重视.产生这些事故的原因主要是:1. 现行的《国际海上避碰规则》对各类渔船在生产作业时的避让责任和行动尚未作过具体的规定,国内也没有专为渔船制订有关的渔场作业避让条例.各类渔船在不同的作业过程中,如何避让?谁负让路责任?驾驶员是不     

浅谈小型渔船的事故隐患与防范措施

浅谈小型渔船的事故隐患与防范措施任国永（辽宁省普兰店市渔船检验站１１６２００）关键词：小型渔船，事故，防范现在沿海地区小型渔船的事故经常发生，除了因为触礁、碰撞、搁浅、火灾、爆炸、沉没等原因引起的海损事故外，因为船舶本身存在的事故隐患引起的事故也很多...     

2010—2019年江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故分析及对策建议

依据中国渔政指挥系统江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故的统计资料,对2010—2019年事故的发生时间、事故起数、死亡人数、事故类型和事故等级等方面进行了统计分析。结果表明,江苏省渔业船舶水上安全事故以一般等级事故居多,事故发生时间呈现一定规律性,渔船自身安全隐患突出,从业人员岗位技能不足,渔船安全管理责任不到位。基于分析结果,提出压降一般等级事故,遏制较大等级以上事故,提高风险管控和事故防范能力的对策建议。     

浅谈渔船的航速和航速控制

碰撞,是目前渔船海损事故较多的一类,约占总事故的40%左右,严重影响着海洋渔业的安全生产。造成船舶之间碰撞的主要原因之一,是航速过快。因     

对参加互保船员人身伤害赔偿问题的探讨

[案情]:甲渔船在航行作业中,被乙渔船碰撞,造成甲船一船员落水而下落不明。经渔港监督部门调查认为,这起事故主要责任在于乙船,乙船应承担主要责任,甲船应承担次要责任。经双方协商达成甲乙船责任比例为2∶8。人员落水属于工伤事故,因落水人员生还可能极小,推断死亡,应按国     

Effects of night‐time light intensity on the survival rate and stress responses in juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel)

Land‐based cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT) have high mortality rates due to collisions or contacts with tank walls after about 30 days of hatching. To determine the effect of night‐time lighting on their survival, juvenile PBT were reared under four different night‐time light intensities (0, 5, 15 and 150 lx) for 9 days, followed by a 3‐day observation period. High‐intensity, night‐time lighting (150 lx) significantly improved the survival rate (75.8%; P < 0.001) compared with the unlit control group (0 lx, 64.3%). The survival rate in the high‐intensity group decreased after the end of the lighting period. Lighting did not influence whole‐body cortisol levels, glucose levels, or diel changes in plasma cortisol levels. In contrast, the survival rates of fish exposed to light intensities between 5 and 15 lx were slightly lower than that of the unlit control group. These results suggest that providing night‐time lighting of 150 lx or higher is an effective method for reducing the mortality of cultured PBT.     

Observing fish interactions with marine energy turbines using acoustic cameras

Marine current energy converters such as tidal and riverine turbines have the potential to provide reliable, clean power. The risk of collision of fishes with marine energy turbines is not yet well understood, in part due to the challenges associated with observing fish at turbine sites. Turbidity and light availability can limit the effectiveness of optical sensors like video cameras, motivating the use of acoustic cameras for this task. However, challenges persist in collecting and interpreting data acquired from acoustic cameras. Given the limited number of turbine deployments to date, it is prudent to draw on the application of acoustic cameras to monitor fish in other scenarios. This article synthesizes their use for other fisheries applications to inform best practices and set realistic expectations for the results of acoustic camera monitoring at turbine sites. We discuss six key tasks performed with acoustic cameras: detecting objects, identifying objects as fish, counting fish, measuring fish, classifying fish taxonomically and analysing fish behavior. Specific challenges to monitoring fish at turbine sites are discussed. This article is intended to serve as a reference for researchers, regulators and marine energy developers on effective use of acoustic cameras to monitor fish at turbine sites. The studies detailed in this article provide evidence that, in some scenarios, acoustic cameras can be used to inform the risk of fish collision with marine energy turbines but doing so requires careful study design and data processing.     

Effect of tank wall colour and pattern on the survival rate of juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel) during ship transportation

Juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis; PBT) often experience high mortality during ship transportation. This study investigated whether the addition of colours or patterns to the walls of tanks affected survival rate. In the first experiment, three colours and lattice patterns were tested: dark blue single‐colour, red single‐colour, and red–blue lattice pattern. Fish in all tanks exhibited abnormal behaviours when sunlight entered the tanks between 0800 and 1000 hours, but mortality only increased in the single‐coloured tanks as a result of collision with the tank walls. In the second experiment, four colours and patterns were tested: dark blue single‐colour, red–blue lattice pattern, red–blue lattice pattern with shade sheet and red–green lattice pattern with shade sheet. Again, we visually observed that fish in all treatment groups exhibited abnormal behaviour when sunlight entered the tanks, but there were no collision deaths in the lattice‐patterned tanks and survival in this group was significantly higher than in the single‐coloured tanks. Thus, the use of a high‐contrast colour pattern can prevent mass death of juvenile PBT during ship transportation.     

Predicting summer fin whale distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea) to identify dynamic whale–vessel collision risk areas

1. Mediterranean fin whales aggregating in the Pelagos Sanctuary in summer to feed are exposed to vessel collision risk, particularly from high-speed ferries.
2. This study developed models to predict summer fin whale distribution using a generalized additive model (GAM) and MaxEnt, with the aim of providing a tool to identify potential high whale–ferry collision risk areas along ferry routes within the Pelagos Sanctuary during summertime.
3. Models were trained using sightings data collected in the summer months of 2009–2018 on board ferries crossing the central area of the Pelagos Sanctuary. Environmental predictors were bathymetry and mean sea surface chlorophyll concentration of the annual spring bloom period.
4. The predictive ability of GAM and MaxEnt was assessed using existing knowledge of summer fin whale distribution in the region. GAM (deviance explained = 20.2%) predictions matched documented distributions more closely than that of MaxEnt, with highest predicted fin whale occurrence in deep offshore waters (>2000 m) encompassing the central north-western and western regions, and in the south-eastern region, consistent with known fin whale habitats within the Pelagos Sanctuary. Inter-annual variability was evident, influencing collision risk areas.
5. Collision risk was estimated as a function of the overlap between the predicted probability of fin whale occurrence and ferry density estimated from Automated Identification System data. Ferry routes that cross the northern and eastern regions of the Pelagos Sanctuary presented relatively higher collision risk.
6. Areas with changes in risk intensity between the years were temporally and spatially dynamic: some appeared intermittently throughout the study period while others persisted over consecutive years or recurred in different years.
7. Due to the vastness of the Pelagos Sanctuary, vessel speed reduction maybe a more practical measure to manage collision risk than re-routing shipping lanes. A combination of Seasonal Management Areas and Dynamic Management Areas approaches could be adopted for high-risk areas.

     

台风对江苏近海海表温度的影响分析与探讨

利用中国台风网"CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径资料数据"和多卫星遥感观测资料,本文对2011年09号梅花台风、2011年06号马鞍台风和2012年10号达维台风在发展过程对中国江苏近海海域海温的影响进行了分析与探讨,并辅助以沿岸的海温实测资料进行对比验证,借此提高对近海海域上层海洋物理环境对台风响应的认识。分析结果表明,台风对近海SST的影响程度与台风自身强度和台风的移动路径密切相关,近海SST降低区域一般位于台风路径的右侧,最大SST降低一般滞后台风中心两天或一天。当台风在远海活动并靠近江苏近海时,江苏近海海域SST略有上升;当台风进入江苏近海时,近海海域SST大幅降低;登陆台风在登陆后近海才出现最大降温。     

彭泽鲫(♀)体长、体重、体高与性腺重的相关性

体长、体重、体高是鱼类的重要生物学指标,而性腺重是衡量鱼类繁殖性能的重要参数。本试验主要研究的是彭泽鲫(♀)繁殖季节其体长、体重、体高,哪个指标与性腺重更具有相关性,从而更能体现卵巢的发育程度,达到在选种过程中更具有针对性的目的。实验通过对实验鱼的体重、体高、体长和性腺重进行测定,然后应用生物统计学原理进行相关性的分析,最后得出结论。结论表明在彭泽鲫的生长过程中,体长、体高、体重与性腺重相关性都极显著。     

南北湖渔业资源现状及开发途径的探讨

作者于１９９５年对位于杭州湾北岸海盐县境内的南北湖进行了周年浮生物种群组成调查及生物量季节变化的测定，由此估算出该湖食浮游生物及腐屑的鱼类增产潜力。鉴于南北湖是著名风景湖泊，在渔业上不宜采取投饵施肥方式增加鱼是疾病，但针对良料资源状况选择适宜品种，有节制地增殖放养某些经济鱼虾，不仅能     

亲虾暂养,卵子消毒与生态防病技术研究

研究了亲虾暂养中温度，盐度突变对卵子孵化率的影响，提出了卵子消毒和生态防病等新的技术手段。     

工厂化养鱼供水量和供气量的确定

综合工厂化养鱼池内进水、排水、供气、生物代谢、饵料投喂和有害物质降解的关系，利用的料平衡原理、微生物降解动力学原理、生物能量学原理和养鱼池的水力特性，建立供水量、供气量与产氮率、耗氧率、产BOD率的关系式，提出工厂化养鱼场供水量和供气量的计算方程式和方法。     

关于壳聚糖制备条件的研究

本文采用正交实验法系统地研究了Na0H浓度,碱处理时间及碱处理温度这三个主要因素对制备壳聚糖的影响,并以粘度和脱乙酰度为主要性能指标,提出了一套较为合理的壳聚糖制备工艺条件。