PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响

为了研究PRRSV对仔猪免疫力的影响,试验将13头46日龄的健康仔猪随机分A、B、C 3组,48日龄时A组猪进行滴鼻接种PRRSV LC毒株(TCID50为1×10-5.25/0.1 mL)3 mL/头,B组猪滴鼻接种未接毒正常细胞培养物3 mL/头;50日龄时A组、B组猪免疫猪瘟疫苗4头份,C组猪肌肉注射生理盐水4 mL;免疫后1,7,14,21,28,35天利用ELISA和MTT等方法检测试验组猪猪瘟抗体水平和外周血T淋巴细胞转化率.结果表明,A组猪瘟抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率显著低于B组(P<0.05)有极显著的,说明PRRSV对仔猪免疫力有一定的抑制作用.     

脂质代谢和糖代谢在PRRSV感染宿主细胞中作用研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)感染可引起母猪繁殖障碍、仔猪呼吸道疾病及公猪精液质量下降,给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。PRRSV不能自主复制,其生命周期的各个阶段均依赖于宿主的代谢系统。宿主细胞也可调节其代谢过程,以防止PRRSV复制和维持其正常生理功能。脂质代谢和糖代谢在PRRSV感染中均扮演了重要角色,PRRSV作为一种囊膜病毒对脂质代谢系统的依赖性较其他代谢系统更强。脂质参与了PRRSV生命周期的各个阶段,包括吸附、进入、复制、组装和释放,此外还与细胞炎症、免疫和凋亡有关。糖代谢也可干扰PRRSV的生命活动,从而促进或抑制PRRSV复制。文章综述了脂质代谢中脂肪酸、胆固醇、磷脂、脂滴和脂筏以及糖代谢中糖酵解和三羧酸循环在PRRSV感染宿主细胞中的作用,以期为阐明PRRSV的致病机制以及疫苗和抗PRRSV药物的研发提供基本理论依据。     

检测PRRSV—Ⅰ、PRRSV—Ⅱ和PCV-2多重PCR方法的建立及初步应用

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virns,PRRSV）欧洲株（PRRSV-Ⅰ）、北关株（PRRSV-Ⅱ）常与猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine Circorirnstype 2,PCV-2）呈混合感染,严重影响养猪业的经济效益。本文根据GenBank上已发表的PRRSV北美型（PRRSV-Ⅰ）、PRRSV欧洲型（PRRSV-Ⅱ）、圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）的基因组全序列,分别设计了3对能特异性扩增PRRSV-Ⅰ、PRRSV-Ⅱ和PCV-2的引物,建立并优化了可同时检测PRRSV-Ⅰ、PRRSV-Ⅱ和PCV-2三种病毒的多重PCR方法,通过对临床病料的检测,证实了此方法具有高特异性、高灵敏度、高效率、低成本的特点,适合大量样本的分析与鉴定。利用该方法能在24h内对样品进行检测并获得结果,因此本方法的建立对这3种病毒的早期快速诊断有十分重要的意义。     

规模化猪场PRRSV抗体水平监测与分析

为掌握江苏泰州周边地区PRRSV在猪群中的感染情况,应用ELISA方法对规模化猪场的445份血清样本进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合症(PRRS)抗体水平检测,结果显示不同阶段的猪群PRRSV抗体水平,其中仔猪PRRSV抗体阳性率最低,为34.1%,育肥猪群PRRSV抗体水平其次,母猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率最高,为63.5%,平均阳性率为48.3%。对10个不同猪场进行PRRSV抗体水平检测,结果显示血清抗体平均阳性率为55.87%,此结果为当地PRRSV的综合防治提供参考依据。     

荧光定量RT-PCR检测PRRSV方法的建立及初步应用

以猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)ORF5保守区域为靶基因,基于SYBR Green构建了以RNA为模板、反转录和PCR扩增一步完成的荧光定量RT-PCR(qRT-PCR)方法。该方法对质粒和细胞培养物中病毒的检测限分别为1×100copies/μL和1×10-2TCID50/m L;组内和组间差异系数(CV)均小于5%。利用本方法检测126份临床组织样品,PRRSV阳性率为42.06%,与传统RT-PCR检测结果具有较好的一致性(Kappa=0.918),且敏感性显著高于传统RT-PCR。本研究建立的qRT-PCR方法为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的临床诊断提供了技术手段。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒多克隆抗体的制备及免疫学活性研究

为了给猪繁殖与呼吸系统综合征的诊断、血清学调查、双抗夹心试剂盒的研制与开发奠定基础,试验将在Marc- 145细胞上传代的大量增殖的猪繁殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒纯化后并作为免疫抗原,采用ELISA方法检测多克隆抗体效价.结果表明:免疫获得的多克隆抗体效价为1∶12 800,该多克隆抗体有良好的中和活性.     

6株高致病性PRRSV ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为了监测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)流行毒株的基因变异情况,对四川省2014-2015年蓝耳病发病猪场分离到的6株PRRSV毒株ORF5基因进行了克隆测序及序列分析。同源性分析表明,6株PRRSV分离株ORF5基因核苷酸(氨基酸)与VR2332株的同源性为88.9%~89.4%(86.5%~88.7%),与CH-1a株同源性为93.7%~94.7%(90%~92%),与JXA1株同源性为97.2%~98.5%(95%~97%),与美国新出现的变异株NADC30同源性为85.9%~86.7%(85.5%~87.5%),与欧洲型代表株Lelystad virus同源性为62.7%~63.7%(56.5%~57.5%)。遗传进化树分析表明,6株PRRSV与JXA1、HuN4等高致病毒株亲缘关系近,并位于同一分支。氨基酸序列分析表明,6株PRRSV ORF5基因编码氨基酸在PRRSV毒力相关位点aa13、aa151和区分野毒与疫苗毒的位点aa137均与JXA1、HUN4等强毒株相同,表明6个分离株均为较强的野毒株。在中和表位(aa37~aa45)和非中和表位(aa27~aa30,aa180~aa197)等区域与国内外参考毒株VR2332、CH-1a、JXA1、HUN4、NADC30、HENAN-XINX、JL580等相比,也出现了不同程度的变异。抗原性分析结果表明,6株PRRSV ORF5基因编码产物的抗原表位主要位于aa30~aa39,aa50~aa60,aa128~aa132,aa136~aa141,aa146~aa155,aa161~aa183,aa191~aa200,与JXA1具有相似的抗原性特征,而与VR2332差异较大,主要表现在aa30~aa39相较于VR2332株抗原区域明显变窄。而在6个分离株中,SN9的抗原表位明显低于其他任何毒株。本研究结果表明,四川省PRRSV流行毒株仍然为JXA1变异株,但在当前高频度活疫苗免疫下,其基因的变异和抗原表位的改变在加剧,需加强对PRRSV基因变异的监控。     

广东省PRRSV流行株的分离鉴定及其Nsp2、ORF3、ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为了探究广东省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的流行情况,分析所分离毒株的分子遗传进化特征,本研究用RT-PCR方法对广东11个地区66个养殖场的189份病料进行了PRRSV的检测,结果表明,样本的PRRSV总阳性率为48.7%(92/189),其中变异株占63.0%(58/92);阳性病例样本经处理后接种Marc-145细胞,成功分离到9株PRRSV。对分离到的9个毒株进行ORF3、ORF5基因和Nsp2主要变异区基因的扩增、克隆、测序和遗传变异分析。序列分析结果发现,其中2株Nsp2基因没有缺失,7株病毒的Nsp2基因发生了与高致病性PRRSV毒株相同的缺失,即第481位有一个氨基酸缺失,第532-560位有连续29个氨基酸缺失。同源性分析表明,分离毒株GDYF、GDZC、GDEP、GDSD、GDSH2、GDTH1、GDTH2与国内的HB-1(sh)/2002毒株及其它高致病性PRRSV同源性较高;GDX071108和GDSH1则与VR2332、RespPRRSVMLV、CH-1a的同源性较高,分离株之间的同源性为60.3%-100.0%。系统进化分析发现,GDX071108与PA8和RespPRRSVMLV的亲缘关系很近,与VR2332亲缘关系较近;而GDYF、GDZC、GDEP、GDSD、GDSH2、GDTH1、GDTH2则与JXA1、GD、HUB1、HUB2、HN2、HUN1、HNyz、HEB1、HUN4都在HB-1(sh)/2002的同一分支上。     

PRRSV的荧光抗体和RT—PCR方法检测

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)以怀孕母猪流产、产死胎、木乃伊胎、早产、产弱仔等繁殖障碍和仔猪呼吸困难、高死亡率及育肥猪呼吸道症状为特征.     

高致病性PRRSV（HuN株）NSP2基因的扩增与分析

从2006年高热病病料中分离到一株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（HuN株），利用RT-PCR扩增其NSP2基因，通过与标准毒株VR-2332进行比较，发现共有30个氨基酸缺失，其中29个为连续缺失，缺少氨基酸分别位于481、532～560位。将分离株与同时期分离自不同地区高热病毒株的基因序列（EF112445、EF112446、EF112447）相比较，发现全部都具有相同的缺失，这说明引起猪高热病的病原变异不大；与较早期分离的AY150312、AY262352毒株进行比较，发现缺失部位不同。该研究补充和丰富了PRRSV毒株的基因组信息数据，为深入研究该毒株的遗传与变异及其与生物学特性的关系奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)单克隆抗体的研制

利用猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）国内分离株Ｊ１,采用反复差速离心法制备免疫抗原,长程免疫法免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测抗体,通过细胞融合技术,并经３次亚克隆获得了１０株能稳定分泌抗ＰＲＲＳＶ单抗的杂交瘤细胞单克隆株（Ａ１Ｄ７Ｈ１０,Ａ１Ｄ７Ｈ１１,Ａ１Ｅ７Ｈ９,Ａ１Ｅ７Ｄ９,Ａ２Ｄ８Ｅ７,Ａ２Ｄ８Ｂ１１,Ｂ３Ｄ１１Ｄ６,Ｂ２Ｇ９Ａ９,Ｂ２Ｇ９Ｆ２）。这些细胞经体外连续传     

猪蓝耳病病毒抗体双抗原夹心ELISA方法的建立及初步应用

根据PRRSV VR-2332株序列设计了1对扩增PRRSV N蛋白基因的特异性引物,从PRRSV北方株感染细胞中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR获得长约372 bp的N蛋白编码基因片段。将其克隆到pGEX-6p-1质粒,构建了原核表达载体pPRRS-N。重组基因在大肠杆菌中表达出相对分子质量约为41 000的融合蛋白,目的蛋白表达量约占菌体蛋白的28.5%。利用此重组融合N蛋白建立了一种检测PRRSV特异性抗体的双抗原夹心ELISA,并通过与商品化试剂盒的应用比较对本方法进行了系统评价。分析了来自北京、山东、河南、河北4省区13个养猪场的260份血清,结果表明,本方法的敏感性和特异性分别为93.5%和86.7%,与IDEXX PRRSV抗体检测试剂盒检测结果的符合率达到91.5%。     

Semen from boars infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) contains antibodies against structural as well as nonstructural viral proteins

The seminal excretion of antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was examined in a group of five boars experimentally infected by the nasopharyngeal route. By using phage-displayed peptide epitopes from the PRRSV replicase and envelope glycoproteins as ELISA antigen, we were able to separately and specifically assay antibody responses against structural and nonstructural viral proteins. Antibodies against structural as well as nonstructural viral proteins were consistently found in the semen of all boars, beginning from 1-4 weeks postinfection. This is the first report documenting the presence of anti-PRRSV antibodies in boar semen. Seminal antiviral IgA was also detected, and we observed a correlation between seminal IgA responses against nonstructural viral proteins, and the duration of PRRSV RNA excretion in semen. The implications of these findings for the diagnostics and pathogenesis of venereal PRRSV infection are discussed.     

反转录聚合酶链式反应检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征持续性感染

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染的特点之一，是持续性的感染和病毒血症。本研究利用反转录滞酶链式反应检测了ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４株单独感染ＳＰＦ仔猪和接种ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４后再接种猪瘟疫苗不同时间的血清中病毒的存在，结果显示在感染２４h后的血甭样口 中就发现有病毒ＲＮＡ存在，病毒血症及少持续到感染后３７天，到５０天时已经消失，ＰＲＲＳＶ ＢＪ－４感染后再接种猪疫苗的仔猪的ＰＲＲＳＶ病毒血症没有受到影响。这些结果提供了ＰＲＲＳＶ持续感染的直接证据，解释了实际生产中通过引进临床正常但已经感染了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的猪群造成猪场内病毒的传和长期感染的存在，为采用合理的措施控制疾病提供了依据。     

Genetics and geographical variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Thailand

The Thai isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were obtained from the Chulalongkorn University-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CU-VDL). Virus isolation was confirmed by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) using SDOW-17. The virus genotype was determined using nested multiplex RT-PCR (nm RT-PCR) of ORF 1b. The nm RT-PCR was able to detect at least 10TCID50/ml of PRRSV. Of 137 Thai isolates, 66.42% belonged to the European (EU) genotype and 33.58% to the North American (US) genotype. ORF5 products of the eight US strains (00CS1, 01NP1, 01UD6, 02CB13, 02KK1, 02PB1, 02SP2 and 02SP3) and the six EU strains (01CB1, 01RB1, 02BR1, 02CB12, 02SB2 and 03RB1) were sequenced for genetic variation analysis. The US strains of the Thai isolates are clustered within the same group and are more closely related to the IAF-EXP91 from Canada (89-90% nucleotide identity), whereas the EU strains were very similar to the EU prototype, Lelystad virus (87-97.5% nucleotide identity). The ORF5 nucleotide identities within the US genotype tested in this study compared to the US prototype, VR-2332 varied from 83.7 to 85.2%, whereas 83.5-85.5% amino acid identities were found. Based on the phylogenetic tree, each pair of the Thai isolates (01NP1 and 02KK1, 00CS1 and 01UD6, and 01CB1 and 01RB1) was identical despite they were collected from different provinces. Therefore, there was no geographic influence on the spreading of PRRSV in Thailand. Interestingly, 02CB12 (EU genotype) shared over 99% similarity of the ORF5 nucleotide sequence and 98.6% of amino acid identity with the European vaccine, Porcillis (AF378819). However, modified live virus vaccines for PRRSV have not yet been used in the swine population in Thailand. The results suggested that both US and EU genotypes exist in Thailand, genetic variation does occur in both genotypes, and the sources of the viruses appear to be from Canada and Northern Europe, respectively. In addition, the spreading of PRRSV in Thailand might be due to introducing infected replacement pigs or infected semen into the farm.     

Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3-7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p < or = 0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.     

Blocking ELISA's for the distinction between antibodies against European and American strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

A double blocking ELISA was developed in order to satisfy the need for large scale serological screening for PRRS and simultaneous distinction between infection with European and American strains of PRRSV in pig herds. The Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) and the double blocking ELISA enabled distinction on serological basis between infection with European and American strains of PRRSV. The distinction was possible from about day 7 after infection of pigs with PRRSV. The double blocking ELISA enabled the distinction at later stages of infection compared to the IPMA, irrespective of the strain involved.     

Terminology for classifying the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds

Standardized terminology for the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) status of swine herds is necessary to facilitate communication between veterinarians, swine producers, genetic companies, and other industry participants. It is also required for implementation of regional and national efforts towards PRRSV control and elimination. The purpose of this paper is to provide a herd classification system for describing the PRRSV status of herds, based upon a set of definitions reflecting the biology and ecology of PRRSV. The herd classification system was developed by a definitions committee formed jointly by the American Association of Swine Veterinarians (AASV) and the United States Department of Agriculture PRRS-Coordinated Agricultural Project, and was approved by the AASV Board of Directors on March 9, 2010. The committee included veterinarians from private practice and industry, researchers, and representatives from AASV and the National Pork Board. Breeding herds, with or without growing pigs on the same premises, are categorized as Positive Unstable (Category I), Positive Stable (Category II), Provisional Negative (Category III), or Negative (Category IV) on the basis of herd shedding and exposure status. Growing-pig herds are categorized as Positive or Negative. Recommended testing procedures and decision rules for herd classification are detailed.     

New insights into the genetic diversity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

The complete ORF5 sequences of 66 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) field virus strains (1991-2001) and three European modified live vaccine strains were determined, as well as ORFs 6 and 7 of 19 selected strains. The variability of the deduced ORF5 amino acid sequences was analysed using statistical process control (SPC), allowing for the objective assessment of variable and conserved regions. Four variable and four conserved regions as well as five hypervariable amino acid positions were defined. The effects of genetic variability on possible structural and functional properties were discussed with emphasis on immunogenic features. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed that the genetic distances between the strains has greatly increased over time. The data do not support an evolutionary influence of the geographical location or the time of sample collection, nor of PRRSV vaccination on strain development. In contrast to other authors who tended to concentrate on the samples from either a common geographic origin or a short sampling period, we could not confirm geographically separate PRRSV clusters nor did we find evidence of positive selective pressure as measured by the ratio of synonymous to non-synonymous substitutions in ORF5, 6 or 7. Immunological implications and vaccination strategies are discussed.