犬白内障的诊断与治疗

白内障是犬致盲的主要原因之一,但我国兽医学在这方面的研究还比较薄弱.文章从犬白内障的分类、诊断与治疗等方面进行了归纳,为该病在兽医临床中的诊断和治疗提供资料.     

超声乳化术对白内障模型犬的治疗研究

犬白内障是兽医临床的常见疾病,氧化损伤是其重要发病机制,目前较为有效的治疗方法是超声乳化术。鉴于国内对犬白内障疾病模型与治疗研究报道甚少,作者旨在对此进行探索和实践。选取健康成年犬15只,13只为模型组,2只为对照组。用H2O2稀释液造模,分别对其晶状体形态结构进行光镜与透射电镜观察;剩余10例左眼采用超声乳化术治疗,右眼作为对照;通过分析晶状体混浊比值、眼内压与每分钟泪液量来评估建模方法和手术疗效。结果表明:犬白内障模型成功建立,形态学上显示晶状体上皮细胞空泡化,线粒体空泡化;使用超声乳化术治疗白内障模型犬可使切口愈合,视力恢复良好。本研究证实晶状体混浊比值是反映犬白内障模型建立成功与否的重要指标之一;超声乳化术可治疗犬白内障,适宜临床推广应用。     

犬乳腺肿物临床病案分析

犬乳腺肿瘤是兽医临床上常见的肿瘤疾病之一，约占母犬肿瘤发病率的50％，严重影响动物的健康与生活质量。目前，犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断主要基于临床症状、病史调查及其健康状况，而缺乏临床资料分析，实施病理诊断和分类、采取适宜治疗措施仍是兽医临床需解决的主要问题。本文对北京市区疑似犬乳腺肿瘤病例临床进行分析，运用病理学方法进行诊断分类，并对治疗本病提出建议。     

一例犬白内障疾病的诊治报告

总结一例犬双眼白内障失明经晶状体超声乳化术联合人工晶状体植入术治疗复明的治疗和护理经验.方法:对诊断为犬白内障的犬实施晶状体超声乳化术联合人工晶状体植入术,并在术后对患犬仔细护理,并记录相关数据.结果:在术后对患犬做了相关检测,其结果与术前相比明显的转变,患犬恢复视力手术成功.结论:本次晶状体超声乳化术联合人工晶状体植入术对白内障患犬治疗取得成功,其治疗过程提供给同行参考.     

犬肾脏囊肿病的诊治1例

近几年,随着我国兽医科学的快速发展,对犬病的研究也越来越深入,犬肾脏囊肿病可以准确的诊断和科学的治疗。犬肾脏囊肿病是液体充满囊泡为主要病理特征的肾脏疾病,对犬的危害极大。肾脏囊肿是指由于某种原因引起的肾脏疾病,主要病理特征是液体充满囊泡,肾脏囊肿通常多发于集合管和肾小管部位,其主要致病因素是上皮细胞过度增殖。犬肾脏囊肿虽然发病率低,但是若不能及时发现并采取科学的治疗措施,将严重危害犬的健康,甚至危及生命。近期,笔者在临床上诊治一例犬肾脏囊肿病例,就其临床症状、综合诊断和临床治疗进行详细介绍,为该病在犬临床中的诊断和治疗提供参考。     

引起犬血便的几种病的鉴别诊断及防治措施

犬拉血便的现象在养犬过程中经常遇到，因误诊或治疗不及时而出现犬死亡的病例时有发生。现将引起犬拉血便的几种常见疾病的主要临床症状、诊断要点和防治措施简述如下，仅供养犬爱好者和兽医工作者参考：     

一例犬腹泻引起的低血钾症的治疗体会

本文通过一病例指出很多临床兽医在治疗犬腹泻性疾病时经常出现的失误,进而对犬体内的电解质,特别是钾子缺失问题作一详尽的分析,并指出了临床兽医在诊断治疗时容易出现的失误,希望对广大业内人士有所帮助。     

犬瘟热病的诊断和治疗

正犬瘟热病在兽医临床中经常遇到,但是治疗过程是十分困难的。对本病的诊断执业兽医师主要是根据临床症状和采血进行检测。通过以上两种方法,很快可以作出诊断。犬得了犬瘟热病治疗时间长,有的可能会治疗失败。笔者从事兽医临床十多年,现对曾经治疗成功的病例加以介绍,供同道参考。案例一:2007年11月8日,楚雄市某家饲养的一只狼犬发病,体重18 kg,性别公。临床症状是双眼发红,流脓眼屎,以及脓性鼻液,胸腹式呼吸,喘气,咳     

1例犬尿道结石的诊断与治疗

内蒙古兴安盟科尔沁右翼前旗动物疫病预防控制中心门诊在近期收治患病公犬1例,患病犬主要表现排尿困难,尿量少且带血,结合临床症状及X光检查诊断为尿道结石,经手术治疗患病犬恢复正常。主要对该病例的诊治经过作一介绍,以期为兽医同仁提供参考。     

犬白内障病理模型的建立及药物治疗效果的观察

犬白内障已成为宠物临床上常见的主要致盲性眼病.白内障是世界上首位致盲眼病[1],但它同时也是一种较容易治愈的眼科疾病.在人医方面对该病的认识和处理经验也比较丰富,而在兽医领域,对该病的介绍和认识却相对较少.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗研究进展

子宫内膜炎是奶牛的常发病,对奶牛养殖业造成的危害巨大.目前,治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的方法主要有抗生素疗法、中药疗法、中西医结合疗法、微生物疗法、免疫学疗法和激素疗法.主要根据国内最新的研究成果,对奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗进行综述,并对不同治疗方法的优缺点进行比较,以期为积极探寻该病最为合适的治疗方法提供参考.     

Transient hyperglycaemia in a prediabetic dog treated with prednisone and cyclosporin A

A dog with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia developed transient hyperglycaemia and glucosuria requiring insulin therapy in association with prednisone and cyclosporin A therapy. Following short-term therapy with insulin and cyclosporin A, the dog remained on prednisone therapy but required no further insulin therapy for 12 weeks, at which time the dog became permanently diabetic. We hypothesise that prednisone and cyclosporin A contributed to insulin resistance in a prediabetic dog with suboptimal endogenous insulin concentration and that the degree of insulin resistance decreased when cyclosporin A therapy was discontinued.     

Effects of mitotane therapy in dogs with pituitary dependent Cushing syndrome on the adrenal gland size--an ultrasonographic study]

The effect of mitotane therapy on adrenal gland size was evaluated in 13 dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Ultrasonographic measurements were obtained before and during mitotane therapy. During therapy both adrenal glands were shorter and thinner (median during therapy: left adrenal gland 19.4 mm long, 5.4 mm thick, right adrenal gland 18.1 mm long, 6.1 mm thick) than before mitotane therapy (median before therapy: left adrenal gland 23.6 mm long, 8.3 mm thick, right adrenal gland 21.6 mm long, 8.1 mm thick). Statistical evaluation showed a significant reduction in size. But ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland size is not useful in the evaluation of adrenal reserve during mitotane therapy. Inadequate adrenal reserve was not identified and adrenal size measurement by ultrasonography was not helpful to differentiate adequate and inadequate control of adrenal cortisol secretion during mitotane therapy.     

Equine external beam radiation therapy: Techniques and challenges

Radiation therapy is becoming increasingly more available and in demand for small animal veterinary cases. Although there is a demand for radiation therapy in large animal cases, there are certain limitations of external beam radiation therapy for horses that restrict treatment options. Currently, there are only five veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States where external beam radiation therapy can be performed on horses and other large animals. This is in contrast to the roughly 80 facilities, both academic and private, available for small animals. The goal of this commentary is to give a brief overview of external beam radiation therapy and highlight the steps involved, and the technical difficulties faced, while treating horses with external beam radiation therapy.     

Photodynamic therapy for companion animals with cancer.

Photodynamic therapy is an emerging form of cancer therapy in veterinary medicine, which capitalizes on a photochemical reaction to kill malignant cells. Photodynamic therapy has been used to successfully treat a variety of veterinary cancers, with documented efficacy similar to radiation therapy. However, equipment expense and availability of photosensitizer have limited the widespread use of photodynamic therapy by veterinarians.     

Dietary management of diabetes mellitus

Dietary therapy should be designed to enhance insulin therapy and improve glycaemic regulation of the diabetic dog and cat. Dietary therapy will not alleviate the necessity for insulin therapy in dogs and cats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Preliminary work suggests that dietary therapy may ultimately be the only therapy necessary to maintain glycaemic control in cats with suspected non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Currently, the feeding of a high fibre, high complex carbohydrate diet is recommended at a caloric intake designed to correct obesity and maintain ideal bodyweight. Several small meals should be fed during the period of insulin activity, to help minimise post prandial fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration.     

SURVIVAL TIMES FOR CANINE INTRANASAL SARCOMAS TREATED WITH RADIATION THERAPY: 86 CASES (1996–2011)

Sarcomas comprise approximately one‐third of canine intranasal tumors, however few veterinary studies have described survival times of dogs with histologic subtypes of sarcomas separately from other intranasal tumors. One objective of this study was to describe median survival times for dogs treated with radiation therapy for intranasal sarcomas. A second objective was to compare survival times for dogs treated with three radiation therapy protocols: daily‐fractionated radiation therapy; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday fractionated radiation therapy; and palliative radiation therapy. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that had been treated with radiation therapy for confirmed intranasal sarcoma. A total of 86 dogs met inclusion criteria. Overall median survival time for included dogs was 444 days. Median survival time for dogs with chondrosarcoma (n = 42) was 463 days, fibrosarcoma (n = 12) 379 days, osteosarcoma (n = 6) 624 days, and undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 22) 344 days. Dogs treated with daily‐fractionated radiation therapy protocols; Monday, Wednesday and Friday fractionated radiation therapy protocols; and palliative radiation therapy protocols had median survival times of 641, 347, and 305 days, respectively. A significant difference in survival time was found for dogs receiving curative intent radiation therapy vs. palliative radiation therapy (P = 0.032). A significant difference in survival time was also found for dogs receiving daily‐fractionated radiation therapy vs. Monday, Wednesday and Friday fractionated radiation therapy (P = 0.0134). Findings from this study support the use of curative intent radiation therapy for dogs with intranasal sarcoma. Future prospective, randomized trials are needed for confirmation of treatment benefits.     

新城疫病毒在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

新城疫病毒(NDV)是一种新兴的肿瘤生物治疗因子,反向遗传学操作技术的成熟使其在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究越来越深入。NDV能够通过其直接的溶瘤作用杀死肿瘤细胞,也可通过感染自体肿瘤细胞制成疫苗对患者进行主动特异性免疫治疗。但直接溶瘤效应会对患者产生一定的负面影响,自体肿瘤疫苗的免疫治疗也不能彻底杀死肿瘤细胞。目前,以NDV为复制型病毒载体的肿瘤基因治疗已成为该病毒肿瘤生物治疗的研究热点,这种基因治疗方法被认为是人类征服癌症的潜在手段。论文综述了NDV在肿瘤治疗中的研究与应用,对其溶瘤及抗肿瘤免疫学机制进行了分析,并对NDV作为载体的肿瘤基因治疗前景进行展望。     

Viral vectors for targeting the canine retina: a review

Clinical trials are currently underway using gene therapy to treat retinal disease such as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Viral vectors that have been utilized to target retinal cells include adenoviruses, lentiviruses, and recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV). Of the three classes, rAAV vectors show the greatest promise for retinal gene therapy. Recent developments in virus technology such as the development of hybrid and capsid mutant rAAV vectors mean that specific retinal cells can be targeted and faster stronger transgene expression is now possible compared to that achieved with the first generation of vectors. Gene therapy trials in dogs have been very important in the development of therapy for RPE65 LCA which is currently in phase I/II clinical trials in humans. Recent successes in using gene therapy to treat canine achromatopsia, X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and the more severe rapid degenerations such as rod-cone dysplasia type 3 may lead also to the translation to human clinical trials. Dogs have played and continue to play an important role as animal models for proof-of-concept studies of retinal gene therapy. As modifications and improvements in gene therapy protocols are made from experience gathered from human clinical trials perhaps gene therapy for the treatment of canine clinical patients will become available to veterinary ophthalmologists.     

噬菌体制剂的研究现状及发展前景

噬菌体制剂是利用噬菌体溶解细胞的特性而用于治疗动物的病原菌的临床感染。早在20世纪初,噬菌体治疗就取得了积极的治疗效果。目前传统抗生素治疗动物细菌感染时易产生耐药性,而噬菌体制剂则表现出许多突出的优越性。从噬菌体的生物学特性,噬菌体制剂的作用机制,以及噬菌体制剂的发展状况和应用前景等方面进行了论述。