Insect hormone activity of p-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)benzoic acid derivatives in Dysdercus species

Derivatives of p-(1,5-dimethylhexyl)benzoic acid are juvenile hormone analogs with selective action on the hemipteran insects of the family Pyrrhocoridae. Their juvenile hormone activity is constant on five species of Dysdercus; it is about ten times lower on Pyrrhocoris, and no activity has been detected on hemipterans of some other families. Absence of profound species-specific variations in the activity suggests that the most active compounds of this type can be used as selective pesticides against all species of Dysdercus.     

A new approach in integrated control: insect juvenile hormone plus a hymenopteran parasite against the stable fly

Two insect juvenile hormone analogs, 4[(6,7-epoxy-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2-nonenyl)oxy] benzene and 6,7-epoxy-1-(p-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene, when applied topically to pupae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were morphogenetically effective against the metamorphosing pupae but did not affect oviposition and development of the hymenopteran parasite, Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, in the treated pupae. Also, reproductivity of the parent generation of parasites was not affected.     

Systemic activity of a juvenile hormone analog

The peptidic analog of insect juvenile hormone, ethyl pivaloyl-L-alanyl-p-aminobenzoate with enormous biological activity on the red cotton bug, Dysdercus cingulatus, has pronounced systemic effect in sunflower plants. The compound is absorbed by the plant tissues and appears to be translocated throughout the plant system in active form. There is some evidence that juvenile hormone analogs of other types also have similar systemic effects. The discovery of systemic action should aid in the possible utilization of juvenile hormone analogs in insect control programs.     

Feedback control of juvenile hormone synthesis in cockroaches: possible role for ecdysterone

Inactive female corpora allata implanted into adult males become active and continue to synthesize juvenile hormone at high rates. However, when an ovary is implanted together with the corpora allata, rates of juvenile hormone synthesis decline as the oocytes complete maturation. Injections of ecdysterone mimic the effect of an implanted ovary.     

JH Zero: New Naturally Occurring Insect Juvenile Hormone from Developing Embryos of the Tobacco Hornworm

A new insect juvenile hormone was isolated from developing embryos of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta. The new hormone was found with juvenile hormone I and is a 1-carbon homolog of this substance. The assigned structure is methyl (2E,6E,10-cis)-10,11-epoxy-3,7-diethyl-11-methyl-2,6-tridecadienoate, which constitutes a trishomosesquiterpenoid skeleton. This is the first chemical idetification of any juvenile hormone from insect eggs.     

Lethal effects of synthetic juvenile hormone on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Emergence of adult mosquitoes is blocked after the addition of 1 part of crude synthetic juvenile hormone to 100,000 parts water. Development is arrested at stages ranging from pupae to fully formed pharate adults incapable of escaping from the pupal exuvium. Fourth-stage larvae just prior to metamorphosis are most sensitive: 40 percent were killed after being exposed for 1 dayto 1 part juvenile hormone in 2 million parts water. The active material also inhibits the hatching of mosquito eggs.     

Peptides with juvenile hormone activity

Peptide derivatives of juvenile hormone analogs which show substantial hormonal activity for certain insects were prepared. The most active compound, L-isoleucyl-L-alanyl-p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, was up to twice as active as juvabione. Like juvabione, the peptide analog showed selective action on pyrrhocorid bugs.     

Juvenile hormone action mediated in male accessory glands of Drosophila by calcium and kinase C

In an in vitro system for the Drosophila melanogaster male accessory gland, it was found that 10(-9)M juvenile hormone III could accurately mimic the copulation-induced response of increased protein synthesis in glands from virgin flies. Stimulation by this hormone required calcium in the medium. Experiments with tumor-promoting phorbol esters indicated that activation of protein kinase C can also cause the glands to increase protein synthesis. Stimulation of protein synthesis by juvenile hormone did not occur in mutants deficient in kinase C activity. These results suggest a membrane-protein-mediated effect of juvenile hormone that involves calcium and kinase C.     

化学放射法测定蜜蜂保幼激素酯酶活性

蜜蜂保幼激素(JH)是由蜜蜂咽侧体(CA)合成和分泌的一种氧化物。保幼激素酯酶是对蜜蜂体内呈游离态或结合态的保幼激素进行专化性降解的特异性酯酶。采用放射化学法(RC)测定了西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera L．)不同日龄工蜂体内保幼激素酯酶(JHE)的活性。结果表明，工蜂体内保幼激素酯酶活性随着日龄的增大而下降。     

昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用研究进展

介绍了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物应用于杀虫剂和昆虫生长调节剂的研究情况,并展望了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用前景。     

Juvenile hormone induction of biting behavior in culex mosquitoes

Juvenile hormone deprivation caused by surgical removal of corpora allata shortly after adult emergence blocked the initiation of biting behavior in Culex. pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus. Reimplantation of corpora allata or injection of a synthetic juvenile hormone (JH-I) corrected the juvenile hormone deficiency and restored biting behavior. Ovariectomy experiments demonstrated that this behavioral effect of juvenile hormone was independent of ovarian involvement.     

Soldier determination in ants: new role for juvenile hormone

Topical application of juvenile hormone analog induces soldier development in the ant Pheidole bicarinata. Soldier induction takes place if the juvenile hormone analog is present during a period of sensitivity that occurs during the last larval instar. Control of worker dimorphism seems to be accomplished through control of timing of metamorphosis. The smallest size at which metamorphosis can be initiated is shifted upwardfrom 1.2 to 1.7 millimeters by exposure to the juvenile hormone analog during the sensitive period.     

细菌强化修复电子废弃物污染农田土壤研究

通过富集、驯化、分离,从清远市电子废弃物拆解区污染土壤中得到四种耐性菌株,经菌落形态、扫描电镜分析以及16S r DNA技术鉴定得出菌株HS-01、JH-02、YB-03、JY-04分别为海水芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina aquimarina)、佐吕间湖生芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina saromensis)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。选取非矿山型东南景天(Sedum alfredii)为实验植物,在温室盆栽实验条件下,强化修复模拟的Cd、Cu、Pb污染土壤。结果显示添加细菌JH-02的东南景天地上部重金属提取量相对最高,JY-04次之,均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);重金属形态分析显示细菌JH-02与JY-04对土壤重金属的活化作用相对最好,可交换态含量明显高于其他两种细菌组与未加菌组(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,JH-02与JY-04这两种细菌可能通过代谢活动产生的分泌物溶解了土壤中重金属,最终促进了东南景天的提取以及根部重金属向茎叶中转移,可达到强化修复的效果,具有一定的应用前景。     

Juvenile hormone is required to couple imaginal disc formation with nutrition in insects

In starved larvae of the tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta, larval and imaginal tissues stop growing, the former because they lack nutrient-dependent signals but the latter because of suppression by juvenile hormone. Without juvenile hormone, imaginal discs form and grow despite severe starvation. This hormone inhibits the intrinsic signaling needed for disc morphogenesis and does so independently of ecdysteroid action. Starvation and juvenile hormone treatments allowed the separation of intrinsic and nutrient-dependent aspects of disc growth and showed that both aspects must occur during the early phases of disc morphogenesis to ensure normal growth leading to typical-sized adults.     

灭幼脲毒理学研究——Ⅶ.灭幼脲对东方粘虫末龄幼虫保幼激素滴度的影响

以蜡螟生测法测定了72时龄以内的东方粘虫(Mythimna separata Walkcr)末龄幼虫的保幼激素动态及灭幼脲对其影响,发现在48时龄。保幼激素滴度下降到极低水平时,灭幼脲可使保幼激素滴度堆持在一个高于正常幼虫的水平。不同时龄滴加保幼激素类似物ZR-512,发现幼虫可因施药期不同而对ZR-512产生不同效应,其转换期也是在幼虫发育到48时龄的时候,由此讨论了由于灭幼脲对保幼激素滴度在转换期间不下降到规定阈值,可能干扰了激素序列的调控,导致蜕皮、变态异常的毒理学机制。     

Prevention of metamorphosis by exposure of insect eggs to juvenile hormone analogs

Metamorphosis of the bugs Pyrrhocoris apterus and Oncopeltus fasciatus is blocked by the application of juvenile hormone analogs to the eqgs 4 weeks earlier. One or more supernumerary larval molts occur to form "giant" larvae which routinely die without undergoing netamorphosis. When the corpora allatta were excised at the outset of the fifth larval stage, the entire phenomenon vanished and all individuals underwent normal metamorphosis. The inhibition of metamorphosis can therefoore be attributed to a continuation of the secretion of endogenous juvenile hormone by the corpora allata of mature larvae deried from eggs treated with juvenile hormone.     

Juvenile hormone mimics: effect on cirriped crustacean metamorphosis

A synthetic juvenile hormone mimic has been shown to cause premature metamorphosis of the cyprid larva of an acorn barnacle in concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion in filtered seawater. The effect of a juvenile hormone mimic on a crustacean has not previously been demonstrated.     

Involvement of juvenile hormone in the regulation of pheromone release activities in a moth

Juvenile hormone has been implicated in the mediation of several reproduction-related events in adult insects, but had previously been found to play no role in the regulation of sex pheromone production and release behavior ("calling") in moths. In females of the true armyworm moth, Pseudaletia unipuncta, juvenile hormone is shown to be essential to the initiation of both calling behavior and pheromone production. Females without corpora allata, the source of juvenile hormone, do not call and do not produce pheromone, but injection of juvenile hormone into allatectomized females restored these activities. The armyworm's control system has likely evolved in response to the adults' migratory behavior which may necessitate that mating be restricted to the period following migration.     

东莞市耕地环境质量的压力-状态-响应分析与评价

基于"压力-状态-响应"模型建立了耕地环境质量评价框架及其指标体系。以东莞市为研究样区,采集182个耕地土壤样品,测定其重金属含量,结合东莞统计年鉴中的社会经济数据,对东莞市耕地环境质量进行评价,并通过协调度模型对其稳定性进行分析。结果表明:东莞市28.2%的耕地处于良好和较好水平,主要分布在北部河网平原区,该区作为供水工程水源地,环境受到严格保护;56.1%的耕地处于警戒水平,处于较差水平的耕地占总面积的15.7%,没有耕地处于极差水平。主要影响因素为经济发展和工业"三废"排放压力、耕地自然性状及其耕作管理状态、农药化肥过量施用等不合理的农户响应措施。压力、状态、响应指数协调度较低的乡镇有南城、望牛墩、沙田、长安,其耕地环境质量不稳定,是耕地环境质量管控的重点区域。     

云南景洪市普洱古茶树茶叶生化指标分析与特异资源筛选

为使古茶树优异特异种质资源得到更好的保护和利用,以云南景洪市20个代表茶区的50份古茶树(普洱茶C.sinnensis var.assamica)为研究材料,取其春梢一芽二叶做蒸青固样,进行生化成分(氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、水浸出物)质量分数测定。根据4项常规指标分析,对50份资源进行鉴定评价,筛选出优异特异性资源。结果表明,主要生化成分质量分数分别为茶多酚29.02%~44.02%、氨基酸1.95%~5.20%、咖啡碱2.37%~5.17%、水浸出物42.82%~62.85%。变异系数分别为茶多酚10.97、氨基酸21.15、咖啡碱16.49、水浸出物5.60。有25份为优异特异资源,其中11份研究材料的茶多酚质量分数40%,为高茶多酚资源;14份研究材料的氨基酸质量分数3.30%,为高氨基酸资源,其中2份研究材料是高茶多酚高氨基酸茶树资源,分别为JH-049和JH-059。通过本研究,可以为古茶树的种质资源保护、创新、品种选育及生产利用提供更多种质资源信息和科学依据。