"创意产业园"景观规划浅析

近年来,在中国许多特大城市、大城市中不断出现了创意产业,形成了当下特有的"创意产业园"现象.首先阐述了创意产业园的概念和特征,从景观规划的角度出发,着重对创意产业园的植物景观、道路广场景观及建筑景观规划等进行了相关探讨,提出了一些关于创意产业园的景观设计思路.     

京津冀共展农业新创意

正千年丝绸之路运过哪些蔬菜,看好玩儿景观体会农业发展贡献;植物种在地下,利用充足空间提高产量数十倍;自家厨房成菜园,四季蔬菜随种随吃……被誉为"融合农业第一品牌"的第四届北京农业嘉年华3月12日在北京昌平草莓博览园开幕。农业玩出新创意10万斤物料搭出100余个创意景观丝路画卷、微笑的茄子、洋葱头历险记、约翰逊的番茄、姜山多椒、西柏坡、大境门、冬奥会……     

绵阳市后工业景观元素比较研究

指出了以三线建设文化为主题打造的跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园是绵阳市两处具有代表性的后工业景观。对跃进路历史文化街区和126文化创意园的建筑、植物、景观设施等景观元素进行了比较分析,结果发现:两处景观在满足市政服务和改善生态环境功能需求的同时,通过创意景观元素,实现了现代文明与三线建设文化的融合,得以三线建设文化为主题的后工业景观成为现代城市发展建设中传承城市文化精神:诠释城市文化形象、展现地域文化特色,改善人居生态环境的重要途径。     

昆明871汽车文化园景观规划设计研究

通过对871文化创意工场现状进行分析,梳理原来重工机械厂的建筑、机床、车间及重工文化,结合汽车文化园的总体规划框架,以"重工物语"为主题,挖掘重工历史文化、汽车文化,结合现代景观设计理念,采用中国五行"金、木、水、火、土"内涵构思和布局,对871文化创意工场(原昆明重工机械厂旧址)改造项目的景观进行构思创作,获得871汽车文化园景观规划设计方案作品,为景观规划设计者提供借鉴。     

自然的启示,设计的源泉--以西南交大郫县新校区景观设计为例

在景观环境设计中受到自然的启示,运用仿生的思维和手法形成了新颖独特的设计创意。分析介绍了设计创意的过程以及具体的设计内容,指出应该注重对生物科学的研究和关注,将仿生作为设计创造的源泉,最终使园林、景观、环境走上真正的可持续发展的道路。     

四窗岩旅游区景观规划浅析

重点论述四窗岩旅游区的规划设计创意和布局,突出了名胜游览、山水观光、文化休闲的主要功能,通过对核心景观的规划设计,指出四窗岩旅游区的自然景观和文化特色是景观规划创意的灵魂。     

农业景观资源游憩价值评估问题探讨

对农业景观资源的概念进行了界定,阐述了农业景观资源的分类,农业景观资源按照主导功能和人为干预程度可以分为农业聚落景观、农业生产景观、农业体验景观和农业创意景观。在农业景观资源的概念和分类的基础上,对农业景观资源的特点、农业景观资源评估的特点进行了深入分析,归纳总结了农业景观资源的价值影响因素,不同种类的农业景观资源有不同的价值影响因素。对农业景观资源评估的注意事项进行了探讨。     

扬州食品工业园景观地域文化的表达实践

江苏省扬州市食品工业园由传统的工业园区向旅游型工业园区转型,园区景观依托食品产业基础和城市旅游服务业资源,将地域文化的创意植入突出"食品工业"主题,融合扬州市风雅闲适的传统饮食文化和生态科技引领下的现代食品工业文化,多条文化线索并行交融,将园区优化升级为糅合美食、生态、科技、欢乐等核心元素的特色食品工业旅游公园。自然层面的地域文化资源构建了工业园区的生态景观基底,打造绿色的生态工业园区;人文层面的地域文化的创意植入突出"食品工业"的园区主题,充分挖掘与"食"有关的地域文化底蕴,从独具特色的扬州地域及食品工业企业文化中寻找灵感。     

檀馨胸中藏锦绣梦笔绘园林

2013年10月23日，北京创新景观园林设计有限责任公司举办了一场极富创意的活动--现代景观园林研讨会暨《梦笔生花》系列丛书发布答谢会。     

浅谈中山市纪念邓小平“不走回头路”主题公园景观设计优化

以纪念邓小平主题公园建设项目为例,总结了该项目设计优化工作内容及创新成果,特别是在原设计的基础上提出"不走回头路、祖国大发展"为主题的重大构思,结合上山、下山路线增设多项创新创意景观节点,大大丰富了原景观设计效果,进一步体现了纪念性公园深刻的历史文化内涵,具有重大的政治、历史和现实意义。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.