雏鸭致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定药敏试验及耐药性分析

大肠杆菌引起雏鸭的感染和发病是雏鸭饲养阶段常见、多发的败血性传染病,病鸭病变的特征为心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎等,近年随着规模化养鸭业的不断发展,雏鸭大肠杆菌病的发生有越来越严重的趋势,成为目前危害养鸭业最严重的传染病之一。常见的禽类中分离的致病性大肠杆菌的血清型主要为O1、O2、O35、O78,在不同动物及其不同类型的大肠杆菌感染中大肠杆菌的血清型具有较大的差异。目前,未见引起雏鸭感染致病大肠杆菌病的血清型的系统研究资料。本研究对自1999年以来从13个不同地区规模化养鸭场患大肠杆菌病的雏鸭分离的265株大肠杆菌对雏鸭…     

鸭大肠杆菌油佐剂灭活苗的研制

国外控制鸭大肠杆菌病的一项重要措施就是给易感鸭群注射地区优势致病血清型菌株或从本场分离的致病性大肠杆菌菌株制成的多价灭活苗.国内也进行了鸭大肠杆菌灭活苗的研制和使用.我们从河北定州某发病鸭场分离到大肠杆菌,经血清型鉴定为O2和O93,并研制了自家灭活菌苗,经过实验室攻毒保护试验和在发病场的临床应用表明,该疫苗对鸭大肠杆菌具有良好的预防效果.     

鸭致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定及其相关致病性分析

为研究鸭大肠杆菌的致病性及相关生物特性,本试验从西昌市某规模化鸭场采集病料,通过传统分离培养及理化性质鉴定,分离得到27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌。对27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌进行血清型鉴定、药敏试验、相关毒力基因检测。血清型鉴定结果显示,优势血清型为O119、O86、O126、O142和O44,占分离株55.56%。血清型O119占27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌的40.74%,为该鸭场流行的致病血清型。对20种兽医临床常用药物的药敏试验结果显示,27株鸭致病性大肠杆菌均对阿米卡星、庆大霉素和多黏菌素B敏感,对头孢曲松等10种药物较敏感,对利福平等5种药物耐受。大肠杆菌相关毒力基因检测结果显示, iutA、hlyF、Iss、IroN、ompT、fyuA、irp 2、Tsh及papA基因携带率均为100.00%, fimC基因携带率59.26%, K 99基因携带率7.40%。各项研究结果为有效防控鸭大肠杆菌病提供了重要科学依据,并为大肠杆菌深入研究奠定了基础。     

鸭源大肠杆菌O78的分离鉴定及药敏试验

鸭大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌(Escherichia coil)引起的鸭的常见病,各年龄鸭都可感染发病,主要表现为纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎[1]。近年来,随着养禽业集约化程度的提高和兽医临床抗菌药物的广泛应用,鸭大肠杆菌病的发生越来越频繁和复杂,大量耐药菌株的出现再加上致病性大肠杆菌的血清型众多,为该病的防治带来一定的困难。2010年     

鸭传染性浆膜炎与大肠杆菌病混合感染的诊治

鸭传染性浆膜炎与大肠杆菌病是近年来危害养鸭业的主要疾病。鸭传染性浆膜炎又名鸭疫里默氏菌病,是由鸭疫里默氏菌引起的一种接触性、急性或慢性、败血性传染病。主要感染1～8周龄的雏鸭,2～3周龄的鸭发病率和死亡率较高。并以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎、气囊炎、脑膜炎和干酪性输卵管炎为病理特征。鸭大肠杆菌病是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的急性或慢性疾病的总称,可引起各种年龄鸭感染发病,而雏鸭感染发病后的病变特征常与鸭传染性浆膜炎相似,并常与鸭传染性浆膜炎混合感染,临床上很难将两者区分。笔者根据潢川县某养殖场发生的鸭传染性浆膜炎与大肠杆菌病混合感染的病例,谈这两种疾病的鉴定方法及综合防治措施,以供参考。     

湖北荆州地区鸭大肠杆菌分离鉴定及生物学特性

从荆州地区鸭场的145份病料中分离到68株鸭大肠杆菌,并通过菌体形态、菌落形态、革兰氏染色特性、生化特性、血清型等一系列的鉴定,确认为鸭大肠杆菌。药敏试验证明各菌株的耐药谱不同。动物致病性试验表明该菌对小白鼠有较强的致病性,可引起小白鼠死亡。各菌株感染雏鸭,均能复制典型的临床症状。     

我国部分地区致病性鸡大肠杆菌的分离及血清型鉴定

鸡大肠杆菌病是由埃希氏大肠杆菌某些致病菌株引起的一种鸡的细菌惟疾病,不同血清型大肠杆菌致病性差异极大,急性的在临床上可表现为败血症;亚急性的表现为纤维素性气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎;慢性的表现为肉芽肿性肠炎、肝炎及肺炎等多种病型,发病率高,死亡率高,且因与其他呼吸道疾病混合或并发感染而使死亡率升高.为确定该病在我国部分地区的流行情况、血清型,以便有效防治,我们对东北、河北、山东、华东地区部分养鸡场的部分发病肉鸡和蛋鸡分离到21株致病性大肠杆菌,并作生化试验、O血清型鉴定和人工感染试验,报告如下.     

雏鸭致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

为确定发病鸭场鸭的死亡病因并为其制定合理的控制措施,本研究对疑似鸭大肠杆菌感染鸭场的18份病料进行了大肠杆菌的分离鉴定和耐药性分析,经细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验、致病性试验等分离鉴定出16株致病性大肠杆菌,药敏试验结果表明16株鸭大肠杆菌对17种抗生素均有不同程度的耐药,较为敏感的抗生素是头孢曲松、阿米卡星、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟四种药物。本研究为了解掌握发病鸭场大肠杆菌病的发生与流行情况奠定了基础,为发病鸭场防控措施的制定提供了参考依据。     

一例鸭大肠杆菌病的诊治报告

鸭大肠杆菌病是由大肠埃希氏杆菌的某些致病血清型菌株或条件致病性菌株引起的鸭不同疾病的总称,包括大肠杆菌性肉芽肿、腹膜炎、输卵管炎、脐炎、滑膜炎、气囊炎、眼炎、卵黄性腹膜炎等疾病。     

浅谈肉鸡大肠杆菌病的防制经验

鸡大肠杆菌病是大肠埃希氏菌引起的某些血清型所引起的一类疾病的总称.该菌在自然界中广泛分布,是动物肠道的常在菌.该菌可引起大肠杆菌性败血症、气囊炎、心包炎、肝周炎、卵黄性腹膜炎、输卵管炎、生殖器官病、关节炎或足垫肿、肉芽肿、死胚、孵化率低下、卵黄囊炎和脐炎、大肠杆菌性脑病、肿头综合症等许多病型.大肠杆菌的抗原型和血清型较多,家禽致病性大肠杆菌多为O抗原血清型,各个地区、同一地区的不同场家、同一场家的不同舍、同一只鸡的不同部位的致病性大肠杆菌可能都不相同甚至多种血清型并存.其致病力和死亡率视血清型的不同而不同,严重的致死率在60%以上,而且本病一年四季都可发生.2005年的一例病例中,我们曾经发现对当前常见抗生素都不敏感的血清型.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。