KH2PO4溶液浸种对棉子萌发及棉苗的影响

磷是棉花生长过程中重要的营养成分 ,主要靠根系从土壤中吸收。棉花幼苗期尤其是三叶期以前 ,根系还不发达 ,从土壤中吸收磷的能力比较低 ,主要靠种子自身的储存来满足 ,而种子内磷含量是有限的。利用 KH2 PO4 溶液浸种能增加棉种内磷含量 ,而 KH2 PO4 溶液是一种盐溶液 ,浓度过高会对棉子萌发及棉苗生长产生盐害 ,本实验拟通过不同浓度的 KH2 PO4 溶液浸种对棉子萌发及棉苗生长效应的影响 ,寻求适宜的浸种浓度。共设 8个处理 ,KH2 PO4 浓度为 0 .5%、 1 .0 %、 1 .5%、 2 .0 %、2 .5%、 3.0 %、 3.5%、 4.0 %,清水浸种作对照。发芽…     

引发剂结合固体基质引发对三倍体西瓜种子发芽性能的影响

种子发芽出苗率低是制约三倍体无籽西瓜生产的主要原因。试验以红小玉为材料,用0.1%H2O2,0.1%CuSO4+2%KNO3+KH2PO4混合液和20 m g/kg的GA3丙酮溶液作引发剂,在固体基质中吸湿32 h后回干,通过砂床发芽试验,测定种子萌发率和幼苗素质。结果表明,种子萌发率提高了44.6~62.4个百分点,并显著提高了发芽势、幼苗鲜重和根系活力。其中,GA引发处理的种子发芽率达88.23%,与破壳处理(CK 1)接近,比未处理(CK 2)提高了62.47个百分点;3种处理的苗鲜重均显著高于CK 1和CK 2,处理间差异不显著;3种处理均显著提高了幼苗根系活力,以0.1%H2O2处理效果最佳。3种引发剂结合固体基质引发处理,均可有效提高三倍体西瓜种子萌发率,并为培育壮苗奠定了基础。在固体基质处理过程中,西瓜种子吸水缓慢,给细胞膜的修复提供了时间,是种子可以达到引发促萌的原因之一。     

温度处理不同种质花生种子对萌发和幼苗生长的影响

选用大粒花生种子能增强对高温，低温等不良条件的抵抗能力，种子发芽率，平均生长势和活力指数较高，长成的幼苗地下部发达，单株叶面积大，叶片硝酸还原酶活性强，叶绿素含量高。与３０℃的正常温度相比，低温或高温处理已吸胀的种子对种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用。     

磷酸二氢钾对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的研究

通过对5个不同浓度梯度的磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO)4溶液和1个空白对照(CK)在薯块膨大期喷施雾培马铃薯叶片,探索叶面喷施KH2PO4对雾培马铃薯脱毒种薯增产的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施1～5g·L-1的KH2PO4可极显著增加匍匐茎和1 g以上种薯数量,提高大薯率和单株产量,其中以喷施4 g·L-1 KH2PO4效果最好。     

胚乳裂纹对玉米种子活力指标的影响

以玉米杂交种种子为试验材料,研究胚乳无裂纹、胚乳单裂纹、胚乳双裂纹和胚乳龟裂纹种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数变化。结果表明,24 h内的吸水率表现为龟裂纹种子的吸水率最高,无裂纹种子的吸水率最低。随着胚乳裂纹数的增加其种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均呈降低的变化趋势。胚乳无裂纹的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数显著高于胚乳龟裂纹的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。种子胚乳无裂纹的幼苗干重显著高于胚乳龟裂纹的幼苗干重。胚乳龟裂纹是导致种子活力降低的原因之一,在种子生产中应该减少胚乳龟裂纹产生。     

粉蕉组织培养与快速繁殖技术研究

以粉蕉的全顶芽块为外植体，进行多方法无菌外植体建立试验，利用正交试验设计方法[L9(3^4)]研究了增殖培养基中6-BA、KT、NAA和KH2PO4等四种因素对芽的总增殖率和大中芽率的影响。试验结果表明：无菌外植体建立时，升汞消毒时间在20-30min，且进行分次消毒外建成功率较高；KH2PO4是影响芽增殖结果的主要因素，MS(内KH2PO4 150％) 6-BA4mg／L NAA0．1mg／L或MS(内KH2PO4 200％) 6-BA3mg／L NAA0．05 mg／L两种培养基是可适用的芽增殖培养基．而在MS KT0．2mg／L NAA1mg／L IBA2mg／L AC3g／L培养基中能诱导丛生芽生根形成小植株。     

模拟酸雨对花生种子萌芽及幼苗生长的影响

以人工模拟酸雨试验研究不同酸度酸雨对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，试验结果表明，pH值4．5以下的酸雨可显著地降低花生种子的发芽率，使胚根长度变短，活力指数下降，高酸度的模拟酸雨胁迫使花生幼苗叶总数显著减少，叶片出现明显的受害症状，pH值2．5的模拟酸雨胁迫使叶绿素含量明显下降，过氧化氢酶活性显著增强，酸雨还对土壤具有酸化作用。     

电场处理油葵种子在干旱胁迫下萌发及酶活性的变化

用电场处理油葵种子，研究其在干旱胁迫条件下种子的萌发及萌发种子和幼苗叶片中丙二醛含量，超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酯酶的活性及脂肪酸组分的变化，结果表明，电场处理能提高油葵种子在干旱胁迫条件下的发芽率，发芽指数和活力指数，减缓萌发种子和幼苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢酶及膜不饱和脂肪酸的下降程度及丙二醛含量和酸性磷酸酯酶活性的增加幅度，这些变化说明电场处理种子可以减轻发育过程中细胞膜对干旱胁迫的敏感性，降低膜脂过氧化和磷脂脱酯化作用，进而维持了细胞膜的稳定性和完整性。     

壳聚糖对玉米幼苗生长及生理生化活性的影响

采用浸种实验,研究不同分子量壳聚糖对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理生化活性的影响。结果表明,5种壳聚糖均能显著提高玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗的根长、芽长和株鲜重,提高幼苗的叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量,增加幼苗的根系活力,有效诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的表达,显著提高酶活性。平均分子量5 000的壳聚糖对种子萌发和幼苗生长促进效果较好,分子量为3 000的壳聚糖对幼苗生理活性及酶活力提高最大。     

磁处理对小麦种子萌发及光合特性的影响

为了明确磁处理对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响,通过不同强度及时间的磁场处理小麦种子,研究了磁场对小麦种子萌发、幼苗叶绿素含量及光合特性的影响。结果表明,多数经过磁场处理的小麦种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、发芽指数高于对照;多数经处理的幼苗叶片中的叶绿体色素含量、光合速率、细胞间隙CO2浓度、气孔导度及蒸腾速率也高于对照。说明磁场处理增强了小麦种子的萌发能力,提高了小麦幼苗的光合特性。     

喷施叶面肥对茶树扦插穴盘苗生长的影响

以保靖黄金茶1号为材料,研究了喷施叶面肥对茶树穴盘苗的根系发育及地上部分生长情况的影响。结果表明:喷施0.05%KH2PO4有利于茶苗芽头伸长,喷施0.1%KH2PO4则有利于茶苗根系的发育,而在茶苗根系生长期间不宜施用0.1%复合肥。     

不同试剂处理对机插早稻秧苗素质的影响

用不同试剂对机插早稻种子或秧苗进行处理,结果发现,在浸种时添加试剂的各处理中,KH2PO3处理的表现最好,而混合试剂处理之间存在拮抗作用;在拌种时添加试剂的各处理中,高巧处理的表现最好,3种试剂的表现均好于对照,其中高巧对秧苗发根能力方面的作用十分明显;后期采用喷施的各处理中,混合试剂处理效果最佳。从整体上看,商品拌种剂使用效果优于无机化合物的浸种效果,而KH2PO3处理的效果比较接近拌种剂,前期浸种、拌种的效果好于后期喷施。     

Seed variation among annual ryegrass cultivars in south-eastern USA and the relationship with seedling vigour and forage production

Abstract Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is grown on more than one million ha in the south‐eastern USA each year. Recommended and actual seeding rates vary substantially within the region. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation in seed weight, germination, seedling vigour and seasonal yield performance among annual ryegrass cultivars. During 1997, 1998 and 1999, seed from fourteen commercial cultivars was weighed and germinated to determine numbers of pure live seed (PLS) m^?2 before yield evaluation at four locations. Seed from ten cultivars was planted at 0·7 and 2·0 cm depth in a greenhouse study to evaluate relative seedling vigour. Cultivar mean single‐seed weight ranged from 2·4 to 4·8 mg in 1997, 1·8 to 4·5 mg in 1998, and 2·6 to 4·6 mg in 1999. Seed germination ranged from 78·8% to 98·0% in 1997, 82·3 to 98·3% in 1998 and 77·8 to 98·3% in 1999. Seed number, PLS m^?2, ranged from 675 to 1289 in 1997, 710 to 1550 in 1998, and 717 to 1179 in 1999. Among the ten cultivars evaluated for seedling vigour, seedling weight differed between planting depths and a significant cultivar by year interaction was observed. Seedling weight was highly correlated with seed weight at each seeding depth. The effect of increasing number of PLS m^?2 on subsequent yield performance, although small, was consistently negative. These results indicate that target plant populations may be obtained more economically by adjusting seeding rates for seed size differences among cultivars and seed lots of annual ryegrass.     

中国玉米主产区栽培品种种子质量分析

以黄淮海、华北、西南三区46个玉米栽培品种种子为材料,通过物理化学指标测定、标准发芽及幼苗生长测定、逆境发芽测定、田间出苗率测定、指标间相关性分析、淀粉酶活力测定等对种子质量进行分析评鉴。结果表明,46个品种中马齿型和半马齿型的比例占80.4%。综合各项种子活力指标,排名前4位的高活力品种为先玉047、郑单958、大华玉2号和浚单26。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量与平均田间出苗率分别呈极显著和显著正相关;发芽势、发芽率及逆境发芽各指标与平均田间出苗率均呈极显著正相关,其中抗冷测定发芽率的相关系数最高(r=0.881)。玉米种子容重和总淀粉含量是高活力玉米种子具备的典型性状,抗冷测定为玉米种子活力检测的最适方法;高活力玉米品种种子萌发中同一时期淀粉酶活力明显高于低活力玉米品种种子。     

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Seed Amylase Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Two rice varieties, Xiushui 110 with high cadmium (Cd) tolerance and Xiushui 11 with low Cd tolerance were used to study the effects of Cd stress on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase activities. The low cadmium concentration had little effect on seed germination rate. However, cadmium stress could significantly inhibit plumule and radicle growth, especially for radicle growth. Germination index, vigour index, radicle length and amylase activities of Xiushui 11 decreased more significantly with the increasing cadmium level compared with Xiushui 110. The cadmium content in seedlings of Xiushui 11 was higher than that in Xiushui 110 when the cadmium concentration exceeded 5 μmol/L, which caused lower mitotic index in root tips and amylase activities, and more serious cadmium toxicity in Xiushui 11.     

Characterisation of starch during germination and seedling development of a rice mutant with a high content of resistant starch

To acquire a better understanding of whether RS influences the dynamics of in vivo starch digestion and seed vigour, the high-RS rice mutant RS4 (RS ca. 10%) and the wild type R7954 were used to investigate total amylase activity, seedling vigour, starch content and starch granule structure during germination. RS4 exhibited similar seed vigour to R7954. Amylose and amylopectin in R7954 showed synchronous degradation throughout the whole process, while amylopectin was hydrolysed significantly faster than amylose in RS4 during the earlier germination stages. The starch residues of RS4 after germination (GD) lost endotherm peaks and showed a special X-ray diffraction pattern with only two peaks at around 16.90° and 21.62°, probably due to remnants of amylopectin and its tight crosslinking with the cell wall. The remaining starch after 10 GD, primarily amylopectin may make a critical contribution to total resistant starch content. These results indicated that RS had no negative impact on seed vigour in rice lines, although RS cannot be hydrolysed by α-amylase from human and animal in vitro. By appropriately increasing the special amylopectin fraction, a new breeding programme of high RS crops and improvement in the eating quality of high RS rice varieties might be achieved.     

镉胁迫对不同水稻品种种子萌发、幼苗生长和淀粉酶活性的

以镉耐性不同的两个水稻品种秀水110(耐镉型)和秀水11(镉敏感型)的种子为材料,采用室内培养方法,研究了水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长和淀粉酶活性对Cd胁迫的响应。结果表明,在水稻种子萌发过程中,胚根和胚芽对Cd要比种子本身敏感,而胚根较胚芽更敏感。 Cd胁迫能显著影响发芽指数、活力指数、根长、淀粉酶活性,其中对秀水11的影响更明显;在高于5 μmol/L Cd浓度下,秀水11植株内的Cd含量明显高于秀水110,造成后者根尖有丝分裂指数和淀粉酶活性明显降低,受到的毒害更严重。     

不同品种小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长对镉胁迫的响应

为了明确不同品种小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长对Cd胁迫响应的差异,以对Cd耐性不同的2个小麦品种(丰优2号和丰优9870)为材料,研究了Cd胁迫对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、α-淀粉酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,Cd胁迫显著影响了发芽指数、活力指数和根生长,幼苗根和芽要比种子萌发对Cd敏感,根较芽更敏感.随着Cd~(2+)浓度的增加,幼苗根、叶中的MDA含量、G-POD活性明显增加,SOD活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而CAT、APX和α-淀粉酶活性呈下降趋势,且Cd~(2+)浓度越高下降幅度越大.两个小麦品种在种子萌发过程中受Cd的毒害程度不同,其中对丰优2号的影响更明显,在较高浓度Cd~(2+)胁迫下,丰优2号的α-淀粉酶、CAT、APX活性明显低于耐Cd品种丰优9870,说明Cd胁迫对前者的毒害更严重.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on bulbil germination and early seedling growth in Chinese yam under different air temperatures

The present study investigated the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) and air temperature on the germination of seed bulbils and the seedling vigour of two Chinese yam lines. Plants were grown under two [CO₂] levels, ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol mol^?1), and two mean air temperature regimes, 22.2 °C (ambient + 1.4 °C) and 25.6 °C (ambient + 5.2 °C). Elevated [CO₂] did not affect bulbil germination under both air temperature regimes. During the early growth stage, the dry weight (DW) of leaves, vines, shoots, roots, belowground parts (roots + tubers) and whole plants were higher under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] for both lines under the low- and high-temperature regimes. The values of vigour indexes (index I = germination % × seedling length and index II = germination % × seedling DW) were also higher under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] for both lines. These results indicated that Chinese yam seedlings respond positively to elevated [CO₂] during the early growth stage. The above:belowground DW ratios were lower under elevated [CO₂] than ambient [CO₂] in seedlings with very small new tubers for both yam lines, indicating that elevated [CO₂] strongly affected the root growth in the early growth stage. The DWs of post-treatment seed bulbils were higher in the elevated [CO₂] under both air temperature regimes. The results showed that Chinese yam used a smaller amount of the reserves in seed bulbils under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂].