八棱海棠种子催芽技术筛选研究

针对‘国光’苹果砧木繁育中出现的八棱海棠萌芽困难问题,进行八棱海棠种子催芽技术研究。结果表明:赤霉素处理不能完全打破八棱海棠种子的休眠,但处理之后的种子发芽率在一定程度上有所提高。低温层积催芽是打破八棱海棠种子休眠的最有效措施,最佳处理时间为77d,预期最高萌芽率90.99%。     

八棱海棠的抗寒性试验

通过对八棱海棠进行人工低温处理,观察其形态特征,测定其部分生理指标,研究其对低温的反应,为坝上高寒地区的园林植物引种提供依据。结果表明:八棱海棠枝叶的电导率、丙二醛及游离脯氨酸基本呈现随着温度降低先升高后降低的趋势,叶片可以耐受-18℃低温,枝条可以耐受-24℃的低温,可以通过抗冻锻炼、小生境等实现在坝上高寒地区的引种绿化。     

八棱海棠种子解除休眠方法的研究

对八棱海棠种子分别进行赤霉素溶液浸泡处理、低温裸层积、低温层积以及赤霉素与低温层积结合等处理,而后进行发芽试验,统计分析发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标.结果表明:赤霉素溶液浸泡不能完全打破种子休眠;低温层积是解除种子休眠的有效方法,层积80 d后,即可解除种子休眠;赤霉素溶液浸泡后,再低温层积可显著缩短层积时间.     

3种植物生长调节剂对八棱海棠扦插成活的影响

以八棱海棠为试验材料,进行了在不同时间利用不同植物生长调节剂处理对八棱海棠插穗成活的影响,旨在选择最佳的扦插时间和最佳的植物生长调节剂种类及浓度。结果表明:以6月份扦插效果最好,最佳的植物生长调节剂浓度为150mg/kgABT1、100mg/kgGGR6。     

盐胁迫对2个八棱海棠株系生长与光合荧光特性的影响

【目的】探究盐胁迫对2个八棱海棠株系生长及光合荧光特性的影响,为其在滨海盐渍地区的景观绿化或苹果产业方面的应用提供依据。【方法】以耐盐和普通类型八棱海棠的组培株系为试材,采用蛭石和草炭混合基质(体积比1∶1)进行盆栽试验。通过过量灌溉盐水的方法进行胁迫处理,研究不同质量浓度(0、2、4、6、8、10 g/L)的NaCl胁迫对2种幼苗生长及光合荧光特性的影响。【结果】盐胁迫抑制了2株系幼苗的生长,对普通株系的抑制作用较大,耐盐株系的耐盐阈值为6.0 g/L,普通株系的耐盐阈值为4.1 g/L;盐胁迫降低了2个株系的光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r),耐盐株系的光合色素含量及光合参数的下降程度低于普通海棠株系的上述指标,耐盐株系P_n下降的主要因素为气孔限制,普通株系则为非气孔限制;盐胁迫抑制了2株系叶片的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P     

八棱海棠一年生播种苗苗高年生长规律研究

以八棱海棠1 a生播种苗为研究时象,对其苗高生长规律和苗高与地径、生态因子的关系等进行研究.试验结果证明:Logistic方程可较好地反映苗高生长规律,苗高生长呈现"慢-快-慢-快-慢"的节律,并以此将苗高年生长过程划分为6个生长期.通过苗高生长规律与气象因子的相关分析,证明日平均气温是影响苗高生长的主要气象因子.     

八棱海棠繁殖技术、抗逆生理及园林应用研究

对八棱海棠在繁殖技术、抗逆生理及园林应用研究现状进行了分析,以期发现八棱海棠所未涉及研究方向,为后期开展八棱海棠深层次研究明确方向。结果表明:八棱海棠目前的繁殖方法主要有播种繁殖、扦插繁殖和组织培养;抗逆生理研究主要集中在抗旱、耐盐碱、重金属及抗寒等方面;园林应用主要集中在新品种选育和观赏价值评价等。     

海桑种子发芽条件的研究

对影响海桑种子发芽的因子即光照、温度、海水盐度和pH值进行了研究．结果表明：海桑种子为需光种子，种子萌发需有光敏素的参与．缺乏光照是造成种子发芽率低和不整齐的主要原因，播种前将种子在湿润状态下用700lx的光照射24～36h或用体积分数为10－3的外源赤霉素（GA3）溶液浸泡36h，即可显著提高发芽率和发芽势；实验室发芽适宜温度为30～40℃，最适为35℃；海水盐度在10‰以下有利于海桑育苗，最适盐度为2．5‰；酸碱度对种子发芽影响不大，种子在pH为4～11时均可正常萌发生长．     

海红优树选择标准的研究

在对海红结果特征、果实性状等调查分析的基础上,对海红优良单株选择主要应考虑的因子进行了研究.根据数据计算分析结果,提出了以丰产性、稳产性、健康状况、果实品质、果实大小及整齐度为主要因子的海红优良单株选择的定量和定性标准.     

不同产地海红果实营养成分研究

在优树选择的基础上,测定了不同产地海红果实的纵径、横径、单果重、整齐度、总糖、总酸、维生素C及铁、钙、磷、镁等矿质元素的含量。结果表明：1）不同产地海红果实的纵径、横径、单果重、整齐度、维生素C、总酸、磷含量差异显著,而总糖、铁、镁、钙等的含量差异不显著;2）海红果实纵径略小于横径,果形指数变化在0.802-0.915之间;3）海红果实酸甜适度,糖酸比介于10.309-18.363之间;4）海红果实富含钙、铁、镁等矿质元素,尤其是钙、镁元素的含量很高,平均为191.437 m g/kg和141.167 m g/kg。     

鸡树条荚蒾种子沙藏催芽试验

以鸡树条荚蒾种子为材料,研究其在室内变温条件下沙藏催芽处理的发芽能力,结果表明:在8℃~23℃相对较高温度的变温处理条件下,经历了近4个月的沙藏层积处理,平均发芽率为92%,不发芽种子均因霉烂所致,无空粒、病虫粒等,说明授粉相对充分,没有种实虫害发生。幼苗平均高度为4.75 cm,子叶展开。     

不同药剂浸泡处理对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响

为了促进山桃稠李种子萌发,提高山桃稠李种子繁殖的发芽率,以清水作为对照,采用不同浓度的高锰酸钾、过氧化氢、赤霉素对山桃稠李种子进行处理,比较不同药剂、不同浓度及不同处理时间对山桃稠李种子发芽的影响。结果表明:不同药剂处理的种子发芽率有显著差异,不同处理时间之间没有显著差异,各药剂处理按照发芽率由高到低的顺序排列依次为高锰酸钾、赤霉素、过氧化氢、水处理。对发芽促进效果最佳的组合是0.7%的高锰酸钾浸泡处理48h,发芽率可达88%。     

Effects of presowing treatments, desiccation and storage conditions on germination of Strychnos nux-vomica seeds, a valuable medicinal plant

Seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica have slow and erratic germination; thus different presowing treatments were applied to enhance the germination of its seeds collected from Tamaraikulam, Tamil Nadu, India. In addition, the effects of desiccation and different storage conditions on the germination of S. nux-vomica seeds were investigated. The results show that soaking in 500 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 24 h, incubation of seeds at 40 °C for 3 days and alternate water soaking (16 h) and drying (8 h) for 14 days significantly increased the percentage germination compared to the control. Desiccation of seeds down to 10% moisture content resulted in better germination. Germination of S. nux-vomica seeds differed significantly between different storage periods, moisture contents of the seed and for first and second order interactions (p<0.001). The highest germination (92%) was achieved when seeds with 10% moisture content were stored at ambient temperature for 30 weeks. Evidence from the present study indicates that S. nux-vomica seeds possess physiological dormancy that can be broken effectively by after-ripening. As seeds of S. nux-vomica are found to be desiccation tolerant, dry seed (10% moisture content) can be hermitically stored at ambient temperature for 30 weeks without losing their viability.     

盐分和干旱胁迫对鼠尾草种子萌发的影响

为明确鼠尾草种子在逆境条件下的萌发特性,通过试验模拟研究不同浓度的氯化钠(NaCl)和聚乙二醇(PEG6000)溶液对鼠尾草种子萌发的影响,结果表明:NaCl和PEG6000对鼠尾草种子萌发有不同程度的抑制作用,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均有所下降;在0.10mol/L NaCl溶液胁迫中,发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为88.33%和66.67%,0.40mol/L时种子不能萌发;在4%PEG6000溶液胁迫中,发芽率、发芽势最高,分别为81.67%、66.89%。由此可知,鼠尾草种子在中轻度盐土壤中能较正常萌发,在重度盐土壤中则丧失萌发能力。     

西府海棠幼苗根内可溶性糖含量对VA菌根侵染的影响

为研究根内可溶性糖含量对ＶＡ菌根侵染的影响,以西府海棠幼苗为试材,进行摘叶和环割处理,采用酸性品红染料－方格交叉法测定力根侵染率,滴定法测定每处理叶片和根系中可溶性糖含量。结果表明,接种处理苗高,茎叶和根系鲜重均显著高于不接种处理;环割和摘叶处理降低了根内可溶性糖含量,且菌根侵染率随根内可溶性糖含量的降低而降低。     

Effects of growth regulators on germination of picea abies and Pinus sylvestris seeds

Nine seed lots each of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with combinations of the growth regulators: Indole‐3‐acetic acid, indole‐3‐butyric acid, etephone, kinetin, fusicoccin, and the gibberellins A₁ A₃ A_4/7, and A₉. GA₉ GA_4/7 and fusicoccin significantly promoted the germination of five Norway spruce, and three Scots pine, seed batches. Independent of species, the germinability of seeds treated with auxins, etephone, kinetin, GA₁ and GA₃ were unaffected or reduced. The rate of germination was stimulated for both species when treated with GA₉ or GA_4/7. The germination percentage for Scots pine seeds was enhanced by GA₉ but not by GA_4/7. Neither of the two GAs enhanced the germination percentage of Norway spruce seeds.     

Effects of priming treatments on germination and biochemical characteristics of Pinus bungeana seeds

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed priming on the germination and physiology of Pinus bungeana seeds.Seeds were treated by hydropriming with distilled water,halopriming with potassium nitrate (KNO 3) at 0.3,0.6,1.2 MPa respectively (untreated dry seeds were taken as control).Properties of seed germination and physiology were determined and the effect of hydro-and halopriming on germination and physiology of P.bungeana seeds were investigated.The results showed that,compared with control,each priming treatment had increased the germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI),shortened the mean germination time (MGT) and the time required for 50% of the seeds to germinate (G 50).Primed P.bungeana seeds significantly decreased the relative conductivity and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA).Of all the treatments applied to seeds of P.bungeana,halopriming at 0.3 MPa KNO 3 produced the highest GP (65.0%) and the shortest MGT (18.8 d) and G 50 (18.2 d).