新疆红枣优生区研究

【目的】明确新疆各枣区(县)的优生区地位,更好地指导新疆红枣的优质高效生产。【方法】根据新疆各枣区县20 a(年)(1993—2012年)的气象资料,用Arc GIS技术研究新疆红枣的优生区类别。【结果】新疆红枣优生区区划指标体系包括年平均温度、无霜期、生长季≥10℃积温、极端最低温度、≤-20℃出现的天数和生长季干燥度。用Arc GIS技术将新疆(南疆和东疆)红枣产区分为4个等级,其中最佳优生区包括和田地区,以及若羌、且末、麦盖提、莎车、沙雅等县;优生区包括喀什、巴楚、岳普湖、伽师、疏勒、温宿、库车等县;适宜区包括叶城、疏附、托克逊、吐鲁番、阿图什、新和等县;次适宜区包括塔什库尔干、阿克陶、拜城及哈密地区。【结论】研究确定了新疆红枣优生区类别,提出了各区适宜栽培的红枣品种,为新疆红枣良种区域化发展提供了理论依据。     

和田垦区红枣产业发展现状及对策

<正>枣,鼠李科枣属植物,统称为红枣。红枣原产于中国,属于温带作物,抗逆性非常强,耐旱,耐寒,耐涝,是新疆荒漠干旱区发展节水型林果业的首选树种。新疆和田垦区红枣种植时间虽然不长,但当地产出的红枣营养物质积累充分,果实饱满,上色均匀,糖分含量高,品质优良。如今新疆和田红枣经过不断的创新与研发,在营养成分及口感上都比其他省份优良,得到了消费者的一致认可。和田垦区枣果类产品近年来发展突飞     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7900防治红枣缩果病效果试验

正新疆红枣种植面积已突破45万hm~2,占全国红枣总面积的1/3,其中阿克苏、喀什、和田等地红枣产量占全国总产量的50%以上。自2012年以来,缩果病在新疆红枣产区大面积发生,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重影响枣产业健康发展。针对此,我们以生物防治红枣缩果病为主要目的,实施了解淀粉芽孢杆菌B7900防治该病效果,及对枣果品质影响试验。1材料与方法1.1供试药剂10亿/g解淀粉芽孢杆菌     

灰枣矮密早优集约化栽培技术

灰枣是我国优良的兼用品种，是河南新郑枣区主栽品种，主要用于制干、鲜食和加工。枣果皮薄、肉厚、汁多、味甜、制干率高，品质极优。上世纪70年代引入新疆后，无论在结果性还是品质方面，都远远优于原产地，成为新疆发展红枣产业的主导品种，年发展面积6.67万公顷以上，灰枣已成为我国红枣家族中第一大品种。为此，我们组织开展了“灰枣矮密早优集约栽培技术研究”，研究总结出一套灰枣矮密早优集约栽培技术，     

新疆红枣提质增效管理关键技术

正"世界红枣在中国,中国红枣在新疆",新疆作为中国新兴的红枣产业基地,无论是面积、产量均超过内地的冀、鲁、晋、陕、豫等五大传统红枣产区。据统计,新疆现有红枣面积447万hm2(6 700多万亩),占全国红枣面积的40%以上,产量占全国总产量的50%以上,主要分布在南疆的阿克苏、喀什、和田、巴州和东疆的吐鲁番、哈密等地,北疆也有少量栽培。主栽品种是灰枣和骏枣(图1),其中灰枣占全区红枣总面积的60%以上。新疆枣产业已成为富民产业,许多农牧民依靠枣脱了贫,致了富,走上了小康路,红枣产业也步入快速发展轨道,红枣面积快速扩大,迅速掀起"新疆枣热"。     

干制过程中不同红枣品种失水速率及出干率的比较

以8个新疆红枣品种为试材,研究比较了干制过程中不同红枣品种的单果重量、出干率及失水速率等指标的变化;同时选取嫁接当年、4a生和6a生"灰枣"以及4a生"骏枣"为试材,研究了不同树龄对红枣出干率的影响。结果表明:红枣的出干率和果实大小没有关系;8个红枣品种在干制初期失水速率大致相等,随着干燥时间的延长,失水速率呈现明显差异;嫁接4a生的"灰枣"和"骏枣"的出干率无显著差异;而嫁接当年生的"灰枣"出干率最小,为58.03%,嫁接6a生的"灰枣"出干率最高,为69.13%。     

新疆南疆枣树香梨优斑螟的发生与防治

随着红枣产业的发展,红枣种植面积迅速扩大,香梨优斑螟成为枣树的主要害虫之一,严重影响了新疆南疆地区的红枣产量、品质和经济效益。通过糖醋液诱集成虫,总结了新疆红枣主产区枣树香梨优斑螟的危害、发生规律、发生原因及防治方法。     

新疆枣棉间作规范化栽培技术

新疆不仅是我国产棉大省,又是我国新兴的红枣产业基地.近几年,南疆各地区将发展红枣作为农业结构调整和强区富民的首选产业进行大力推进,每年从内地枣主产区调入优质红枣苗木几千万株,但大部分农民对退棉栽枣认识不到位或缺乏科学栽植技术,结果造成:"年年栽枣不成园,年年管理不见效",不仅浪费了大量的人力和物力,而且严重影响新疆红枣产业的健康发展.     

红枣发酵制品研究进展

红枣的营养价值及药用价值很高,集药、食、补三大功能为一体,被誉为"木本粮食,滋补佳品"。随着生活水平的提高,人们对食品的要求逐渐转向天然、营养和健康的方向,益生菌类保健食品也随之走红,红枣发酵制品越来越受到人们的喜爱。本文通过对近几年发酵红枣汁、枣酒、枣醋、红枣酸奶、发酵枣粉的分析,提出了红枣发酵制品的研究方向,为红枣产品的系列开发提供参考。     

红枣裂果原因及防止措施

<正> 红枣栽培历史悠久,品质优良,驰名中外,在国内外市场上久负盛誉,是我国出口创汇主要果品之一。但枣树裂果病是枣树生产上普遍存在的较大问题,通常裂果率可达15-30％,严重时高达80％,枣果一旦裂果,不仅影响外观品质,而且易引起病菌的侵入,造成果实的腐烂变质,给生产上造成巨大的经济损失。如我省1986年因秋季阴雨连绵,造成大量裂果,直接损失3000多万公斤枣果。为此研究裂果原因及防止措施,有助于稳定发展红枣生产,提高枣果品质,为出口创汇提供物质条件.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.