沼泽型水牛微卫星DNA的遗传多样性分析

为探究中国沼泽型水牛品种或类群的遗传多样性,本研究采用了沼泽型水牛30个微卫星标记结合LabChip芯片检测法对德昌水牛、德宏水牛、温州水牛、贵州水牛、西林水牛、富钟水牛及两个引进品种摩拉水牛、尼里－拉菲水牛等40个样本进行了检测和遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在30个微卫星DNA标记上共发现332个等位基因,平均基因多样性和PIC值分别为0.7808和0.7554。聚类分析结果显示,德宏水牛和德昌水牛先聚为一类,随后与富钟水牛、贵州水牛、温州水牛、西林水牛聚为一类;摩拉水牛与尼里－拉菲水牛聚为一类。本研究证实了所选的30个沼泽型水牛微卫星DNA标记可作为有效的遗传标记用于水牛品种间的遗传多样性分析,同时也丰富了当前的水牛微卫星标记资源。     

我国中东部地区地方水牛品种的遗传多样性分析

采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法,检测了峡江水牛、海子水牛、西林水牛、恩施山地水牛、江汉水牛及一个对照群体尼里—拉菲水牛位点的遗传多态性并作分析,来探讨群体的遗传分化关系。研究表明:(1)五个群体及一个对照群体在11个微卫星座位中共检测到174个等位基因,其中有28个等位基因为品种所特有。(2)根据主成份分析结果聚类,先是江汉水牛与恩施水牛聚为一类,然后是与峡江水牛聚为一类,接着与海子水牛聚为一类,再后与西林水牛聚为一类,最后与尼里—拉菲水牛聚类。群体间亲缘关系的远近与其所处地理位置远近表现出了紧密相关。     

我国中东部地区地方水牛品种的遗传多样性分析

采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法,检测了峡江水牛、海子水牛、西林水牛、恩施山地水牛、江汉水牛及一个对照群体尼里-拉菲水牛位点的遗传多态性并作分析,来探讨群体的遗传分化关系.研究表明:(1)五个群体及一个对照群体在11个微卫星座位中共检测到174个等位基因,其中有28个等位基因为品种所特有.(2)根据主成份分析结果聚类,先是江汉水牛与恩施水牛聚为一类,然后是与峡江水牛聚为一类,接着与海子水牛聚为一类,再后与西林水牛聚为一类,最后与尼里-拉菲水牛聚类.群体间亲缘关系的远近与其所处地理位置远近表现出了紧密相关.     

中国水牛的遗传多样性

中国水牛数量多,分布广,血液蛋白,染色体和ｍｔＤＮＡ等方面的研究结果表明,中国水牛各地方类群之间虽存在一定差异,但遗传变异程度较小,遗传多样性较贫乏。     

甘肃地方绵羊品种微卫星遗传多样性与系统发育分析

通过对甘肃省6个地方绵羊品种(240只个体)15个微卫星座位的等位基因的研究,结果共发现了179个等位基因。其中在藏羊中发现的等位基因数最多(136个),兰州大尾羊最少(94个)。多态信息含量、期望杂合度和观察杂合度的数据表明:在研究的6个绵羊品种中藏羊和甘肃高山细毛羊的遗传多样性较丰富,而兰州大尾羊和岷县黑裘皮羊的遗传多样性较低。DA遗传距离和D s遗传距离构建的NJ系统发育树均表明:兰州大尾羊、蒙古羊和滩羊具有较近的亲缘关系,预示这3个品种可能具有相同的原始祖先。而甘肃高山细毛羊与其他5个甘肃地方品种的遗传距离较远,另为一类。     

基于微卫星标记的7个番鸭群体遗传多样性分析

为探讨不同番鸭群体遗传多样性和亲缘关系,本研究选取24对微卫星引物,对7个番鸭群体的DNA片段进行PCR扩增及毛细管电泳产物信息检测.结果表明,24个微卫星位点在7个番鸭群体上共检测到80个有效等位基因,基因流(Nm)为2.4181,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.4561,F-统计量(F-statistic)平均为0.0...     

利用微卫星标记分析贵州5个地方鸡品种遗传多样性

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了贵州省5个地方鸡品种:竹乡鸡、威宁鸡、黔东南小香鸡、高脚鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡的遗传多样性。计算了各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:在5个品种中,杂合度最低的是高脚鸡,为0.501,杂合度最高的是竹乡鸡,为0.673,因此贵州各地方鸡品种的杂合度相差较大,据分析可能是由于交通闭塞,形成了家禽品种的多种多型,而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性;用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:竹乡鸡、黔东南小香鸡和威宁鸡聚为一类,乌蒙乌骨鸡自聚为一类;高脚鸡独自聚为一类。这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。     

新疆地方斗鸡遗传多样性的微卫星分析

本试验利用8个微卫星座位分析了新疆3个地方（吐鲁番、喀什和伊犁）斗鸡群体的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、基因杂合度和有效等位基因数等群体遗传变异参数。结果表明,3个地方斗鸡的8个微卫星座位共检测到77个等位基因,多态信息含量（除伊犁斗鸡ADL0298位点外）均大于0.5,表现高度多态信息,群体间平均遗传距离为0.2866。因此,所选取的微卫星位点可用于新疆3个地方斗鸡的群体遗传多样性分析。     

中国6个山羊群体微卫星标记的遗传多样性分析

利用30个微卫星座位，对中国6个群体山羊（阿尔巴斯、二狼山、乌珠穆沁、阿拉善、辽宁绒山羊和陕南白山羊），共计240个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析。计算了各群体的等位基因频率，并以其为基础获得了各群体的平均杂合度（He）、平均多态信息含量（PIC）和平均有效等位基因数（Ne），分别为0．367～0．467、0．533～0．639、2．571～4．915。分析了群体内和群体间的遗传变异，并根据遗传距离，进行了NJ聚类，结果将6个山羊群体分为两大类。为进一步对山羊品种的保存和利用提供科学的依据。     

利用微卫星标记分析贵州地方鸡种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系

利用7个微卫星标记对12个贵州地方鸡种及1个引入鸡种的遗传多样性进行了检测，分析了各标记座位上的等位基因及频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度、多态信息含量、平均多态信息含量及群体间的亲缘关系。结果表明：13个种群在7个标记座位上的等位基因及频率等均存在一定差异。其中，瑶山鸡的平均基因杂合度最高，引入鸡种隐性白洛克的平均基因杂合度最低，其余鸡种介于其间。平均多态信息含量的分析结果与此类似，说明瑶山鸡的遗传多样性最为丰富。模糊聚类的结果表明，13个鸡种分为2大类群，隐性白洛克独自为1个类群，12个贵州地方鸡种构成1个类群。12个贵州地方鸡种又可进一步分为2个小类群：其中1个小类群由兴义土鸡、矮脚鸡首先聚在一起，然后依次聚上黔东南小香鸡、黔东南小香乌骨鸡构成；高脚鸡、瑶山鸡、威宁鸡、竹乡鸡、竹乡乌骨鸡、黑羽乌蒙乌骨鸡、乌蒙鸡、麻羽乌蒙乌骨鸡则构成另一个小类群。     

Genetic diversity analysis of two buffalo populations of northern India using microsatellite markers

The genetic diversity in two buffalo populations of northern India, the Bhadawari and the Tarai was assessed using a set of 22 heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles across all loci in both populations was found to be 4.7, indicating that this set of 22 bovine microsatellite markers could be used to study genetic variation in buffalo species also. The overall polymorphic information content (PIC) value for these markers was 0.54. The average observed and expected heterozygosities for both populations were 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Common alleles with varying allele frequencies in both populations also represented the genetic variability existing between Bhadawari and Tarai buffaloes. However the θ estimates for population differentiation indicated low levels of differentiation between the two populations. This was further supported by the low genetic distance (0.155) between Bhadawari and Tarai, which was calculated using Nei's standard genetic distance method. The present study on Bhadawari and Tarai populations represents a much‐needed preliminary effort that could be extended to other local buffalo populations of India as well.     

四川三个藏猪群体的微卫星遗传多样性分析

本研究利用已开发的18对微卫星引物,分析了四川境内阿坝、稻城和德格三个藏猪群体共143个个体18条常染色体上的微卫星遗传多样性。结果表明:阿坝藏猪群体多态信息含量和观测杂合度比其他两群低,群体遗传变异较小;三个群体Nei氏标准遗传距离均在0.6以上,平均基因流值大于1,表明三个群体各有特点,群内基因交流频繁。     

兴国灰鹅微卫星标记的遗传多样性分析

为了解兴国灰鹅的遗传多样性,揭示其群体遗传结构,利用10个微卫星标记对兴国灰鹅进行哈代-温伯格平衡(HW)检验,统计群体基因频率、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)、等位基因(Na)和有效等位基因(Ne)等。结果显示:10个微卫星标记位点共检测到30个Na,其中Ne为20.549个;Ho、He及PIC值最高的标记为CKW21,分别为0.700、0.734 5、0.679 5;群体平均Ho为0.384、He为0.477 5,平均PIC为0.411 1,表明兴国灰鹅遗传多样性丰富;经HW检验,兴国灰鹅在10个标记位点中存在3个不平衡点,表明群体的遗传结构处于一个逐渐不平衡的状态。     

Genetic relationship and diversity analysis of Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important dairy animal on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asian countries. The diversity and differentiation among 12 populations or breeds of buffalo were studied. Data were generated and analyzed from 527 animals belonging to 10 recognized breeds and 2 additional populations of Indian buffalo by using 22 microsatellite loci. Relationships among buffalo breeds and populations were estimated based on genetic distances. The Bayesian analysis grouped 12 populations into 8 distinctive clusters. Geographically close breeds clustered together, except for the Jaffarabadi and Murrah, which were not in geographic contiguity. The Mantel test revealed nonsignificant correlations between genetic and geographic distances. This supports the hypothesis that buffaloes have been domesticated at different places for specific purposes. The phylogenetic relationship based on microsatellite loci supported the breed classification based on body size. The Toda breed, which is considered to be endangered, had genotypes similar to those of the surrounding buffalo populations.     

贵州野生匍匐剪股颖种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

匍匐剪股颖是我国重要的冷季型草坪草之一。为了研究贵州野生匍匐剪股颖居群遗传变异水平、遗传结构及亲缘关系,本试验采用ISSR标记技术对贵州的4个匍匐剪股颖居群共285个个体进行了遗传变异分析。 9个引物共扩增出81条带,其中多态性条带66条,无论是在居群水平还是在物种水平,均表明贵州野生匍匐剪股颖居群存在丰富的遗传变异;3个野生居群间遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.492 0,居群间基因流的估测值(Nm)为0.516 4,表明居群间存在较为严重的遗传分化;亚居群间的遗传距离(GD)为0.087 7~0.592 6,遗传距离(GD)的聚类分析结果与居群地理分布存在密切联系。利用SPSS 11.0软件对地理距离与亚居群间遗传距离相关性进行分析,表明地理距离与遗传距离呈显著正相关(r=0.494);用POPGENE 1.31软件对居群间的遗传关系分析表明,各居群间的遗传一致度比较高,分布为0.700 3~0.940 9,但栽培居群(KROMI)与其他3个野生居群存在明显的遗传差异。     

Genetic diversity and assignment tests among seven French cattle breeds based on microsatellite DNA analysis

Genetic variability and relationships among six native French cattle breeds (Abondance, Tarentaise, Villard de Lans, Montbéliarde, Limousin, and Charolais) and one foreign breed (Holstein) were investigated using 23 microsatellite markers. These breeds were also compared with four Swiss breeds genotyped in a previously published study. Interestingly, the French alpine breeds have smaller population sizes but showed higher genetic variability than the larger Holstein breed. Neighbor-joining trees and PCA (principal components analysis) showed that alpine breeds tend to cluster together. Abondance and Tarentaise breeds were closely related, whereas the Holstein was highly differentiated from all breeds analyzed. Two different assignment tests for determining the breed of origin of individuals were compared: "direct" and "exclusion-simulation" approaches. The exclusion-simulation significance test correctly assigns fewer individuals than the direct approach but provides a confidence level (e.g., P < 0.01) for each individual being assigned. Accurate assignment with high statistical confidence is required for animal traceability. Unfortunately, the accuracy of assignment greatly decreases as the threshold level of confidence of assignment increases (e.g., from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Assignment accuracy also greatly declines as the level of population differentiation decreases below the level often found between related breeds (e.g., F(ST) < 0.1).     

Genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous goat breeds based on microsatellite markers

Eighteen microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of eight Chinese indigenous goat breeds. The results indicated that there is a significant difference of genetic diversity between different loci. Chinese indigenous goat breeds have similar genetic diversity to other Asian goats, but with lower Fst. The clustering of individuals and populations showed that Chinese indigenous goat breeds might have originated from two ancestral populations. The genetic differentiation between populations is consistent with the results of archaeology, mtDNA and RAPD.     

基于AFLP的燕麦遗传多样性研究

采用ＡＦＬＰ分子标记技术对来自中国、加拿大、澳大利亚和欧洲等国家的３４个有代表性的饲用燕麦品种及８个裸燕麦品种进行遗传多样性分析,从３０ 对ＥｃｏＲＩ／ＭｓｅＩ引物组合中筛选出５ 对多态性和清晰度较高的引物组合,共获得２６８条带,其中多态带１８５条,平均多态性检出率为６９．０％,Ｅ ＡＧＧ／Ｍ ＣＴＡ 的扩增效率最高达７８．６％。由Ｎｅｉ’ｓ指数（ｈ）估测,供试品种平均变异为０．１６６４,平均Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ’ｓ信息指数估计值为０．２２０６;４２个燕麦品种间遗传相似系数为０．４８８１～０．９８８０,遗传距离的变化范围是０．０１２０～０．７１７２。通过ＡＦＬＰ 数据构建燕麦的ＵＰＧＭＡ 系统树,在遗传相似系数０．７４８水平,所有供试品种可聚为６类。皮燕麦与裸燕麦在遗传相似度０．５９处被明显分为２类,与形态学分类结果一致。由ＡＦＬＰ揭示的品种间遗传关系与品种实际来源基本一致,品种的遗传距离与其地理分布关系密切。     

Genetic relationships in Swiss sheep breeds based on microsatellite analysis

Genetic relationships between Swiss sheep breeds were estimated on the basis of microsatellite analysis. In addition to the Swiss breeds wild-type Mouflon was included in this investigation. Polymerase chain reaction amplifications of 31 ovine, bovine and caprine microsatellites were performed in a total of 307 animals representing eight populations. The average heterozygosity within each population was high in the domestic breeds (0.60–0.71) and lower in Mouflon 0.45. The average coefficient of gene differentiation G _ST over all loci was 0.17, i.e. a small part of the variability at the 31 microsatellite loci analysed must be ascribed to between-breed variability. Genetic distances between breeds were obtained, which were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Microsatellites developed from closely related species of cattle and goat are useful for estimating genetic relationships among sheep breeds.