不同灌溉方式在马铃薯生产上的应用效果

在田间试验条件下,研究了滴灌技术与传统喷灌技术对马铃薯大薯率和产量的影响,并进行了经济效益分析。试验设3个处理:滴灌区为处理A,常规喷灌区为处理B,不灌溉区(对照)为处理C。结果表明:滴灌区处理能增加马铃薯的大薯率,显著提高马铃薯块茎产量,增幅达46.7%,经济效益提高显著。该研究对滴灌技术在马铃薯生产上的推广和应用具有重要的意义。     

滴灌施肥技术在马铃薯生产上的应用效果研究

在田间试验条件下,研究了滴灌施肥与传统灌溉施肥对马铃薯生长及产量和品质的影响。试验设3个处理:常规灌溉施肥处理A,滴灌施肥处理B(马铃薯浅植+培土),滴灌施肥处理C(马铃薯深植+不培土)。结果表明:滴灌施肥处理能显著提高马铃薯植株的生物量;滴灌施肥处理在节约10%的生产成本的同时,显著增加马铃薯块茎产量,增幅达37.31%～47.39%,经济效益显著提高。研究结果对滴灌施肥技术在马铃薯生产上的推广应用具有重要意义。     

马铃薯膜下滴灌节水及生产效率的初步研究

为了探索膜下滴灌在马铃薯生产中应用的可行性,于内蒙古达茂旗进行了膜下滴灌试验。结果表明:膜下滴灌比露地滴灌平均增产26%,水分利用效率提高28.5%,灌水的平均生产效率提高26%,因此,膜下滴灌应该成为内蒙古西部地区马铃薯生产中有效的增产节水措施。一带双行滴灌模式下马铃薯平均产量显著高于一带一行处理,这种滴灌模式不仅节约管道设备,而且进一步提高了水分利用效率和灌水生产效率,值得在生产中广泛推广。尽管露地滴灌条件下马铃薯产量与滴灌带的密度有关,一带一行灌溉方式下产量高于一带双行,但总体而言,露地滴灌在水分利用效率上显著低于膜下滴灌,因此在水分不足的内蒙古西部马铃薯产区,不建议广泛推广露地滴灌。     

农季高液体肥对乌兰察布马铃薯产量的影响

近年来,滴灌节水农业技术及其与灌溉设施相配套的水肥一体化技术在乌兰察布马铃薯生产中的应用越来越广泛。但实际生产中,种植者常因将杂质含量大、难溶解的常规肥料应用于滴灌系统,而造成滴头堵塞。液体肥料具有溶解性好、杂质少等优点,是利用滴灌设施进行追肥的理想肥料。在田间试验条件下,研究了在适量降低基肥用量的同时,通过每667m2滴灌追施10、20、30kg农季高液体肥对马铃薯生长、产量及商品性状的影响。结果表明,追施农季高液体肥处理比传统追肥处理增产显著,马铃薯块茎产量增幅达13．52％-22．36％,商品率提高4．68％-6．55％,每667m2增收401．85-527．95元,经济效益显著提高。表明农季高液体肥可以在马铃薯作物上推广应用。     

中国夏作马铃薯区域特点现状分析

通过中国夏作马铃薯不同区域产量和主要农艺性状情况分析,揭示不同区域马铃薯的产量水平、特点和比较优势,为不同区域马铃薯生产技术提高提供参考意见.研究对2019～2021年国家马铃薯品种区域试验中晚熟东北组、中晚熟华北组、中晚熟西北组、中晚熟西南组多点试验中马铃薯产量、农艺性状进行分析.结果表明,华北地区通过采用滴灌等技术...     

马铃薯滴灌示范试验初报

以马铃薯克新1号为试验材料,在内蒙古察右中旗进行了滴灌与半固定式喷灌两种灌溉方式效果的比较研究。结果表明:与对照半固定式喷灌相比,滴灌灌溉方式可使马铃薯极显著增产,增产率14.86%,大薯率显著提高7%;从马铃薯现蕾到收获,在土壤湿润深度相近情况下,单次灌水量不及对照的1/3,全生育期可节水48.2%;水分生产效率每立方米5.14kg,比对照高1.7kg;水分生产效益每立方米2.03元,高于对照0.72元;肥料利用率比对照高20%左右;纯收入比对照每公顷增加2385元,增收率19.5%。滴灌较半固定式喷灌更适于在乌兰察布市后山地区马铃薯生产中应用。     

膜下滴灌技术在陆良县马铃薯生产中的示范应用

陆良县引进膜下滴灌技术在大田粮食作物进行示范应用,取得明显成效,探索积累了丰富的马铃薯膜下滴灌技术应用经验。     

马铃薯滴灌示范试验初报

以马铃薯克新1号为试验材料,在内蒙古察右中旗进行了滴灌与半固定式喷灌两种灌溉方式效果的比较研究。结果表明：与对照半固定式喷灌相比,滴灌灌溉方式可使马铃薯极显著增产,增产率14．86％,大薯率显著提高7％;从马铃薯现蕾到收获,在土壤湿润深度相近情况下,单次灌水量不及对照的1／3,全生育期可节水48．2％;水分生产效率每立方米5．14妇,比对照高1．7kg;水分生产效益每立方米2．03元,高于对照0．72元;肥料利用率比对照高20％左右;纯收入比对照每公顷增加2385元,增收率19．5％。滴灌较半固定式喷灌更适于在乌兰察布市后山地区马铃薯生产中应用。     

高垄滴灌马铃薯减肥增效生产技术试验

马铃薯高垄滴灌水肥一体化生产中增施生物有机肥、中微量元素肥料可提高马铃薯产量和品质.为获得最佳的马铃薯减肥增效生产技术,综合考虑复合肥、生物有机肥、中微量元素肥料的使用数量及使用时期等因素,共设置5个处理:处理1(复合肥1500 kg/hm2+硝酸钙镁225 kg/hm2)、处理2(复合肥1200 kg/hm2+生物有...     

马铃薯'大四化'膜下滴灌栽培技术

针对宁安市马铃薯主产区种植马铃薯标准化程度不高、种植水平差异较大等问题,通过研究、调研和总结,研发集成出一套以"大四化"(大垄栽培、全程机械化、水肥一体化、施肥立体化、药肥一体化)为核心技术并集成种薯处理、平衡施肥等技术的马铃薯种植模式,即马铃薯"大四化"膜下滴灌栽培技术。对选地整地、种薯处理、水肥管理等重要技术环节进行了详细的阐述。该项技术有助于实现马铃薯种植的标准化和规范化,节肥节水,节本增效,经济效益、社会效益与生态效益显著,对保障马铃薯丰产稳产、促进马铃薯种植业可持续健康发展意义重大。     

Effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid Northwestern China

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of drip irrigation regimes on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth, tuber yield and quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) when grown under plastic mulch in an arid area of Northwestern China in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The 2008 experiment consisted of a drip irrigation check without plastic mulch and four different drip irrigation frequency treatments with plastic mulch: once every day, once every 2 days, once every 4 days, and once every 8 days. In 2009 and 2010 the drip check treatment without mulch was irrigated at −25 kPa soil matric potential (SMP) during three potato development stages and four different SMP drip irrigation strategies were compared during the potato development stages (using plastic mulch): S1 (−25 kPa SMP during the three development stages), S2 (−25 kPa SMP during tuber initiation and bulking and −35 kPa SMP during maturation), S3 (−25 kPa SMP during tuber initiation and maturation and −35 kPa SMP during bulking), S4 (−35 kPa SMP during the three development stages). Plastic mulch negatively affected tuber yield, WUE, and tuber quality. In the presence of plastic mulch, tuber yield, specific gravity, starch content, and vitamin C content seemed to be enhanced as the irrigation frequency increased, although the differences were not statistically significant. Irrigation frequency did not affect WUE for potato grown under plastic mulch. Analysis of plant height, tuber yield and WUE showed that a drip irrigation threshold of −35 kPa SMP led to obvious water stress for potato growth in this arid area. Under plastic mulch in 2010, S2 was the optimum drip irrigation regime because of the significantly higher yield than S3 and S4, the highest WUE and significantly firmer tubers than any of the other irrigation regimes tested.     

Drip as Alternative Irrigation Method for Potato in Florida Sandy Soils

Seepage irrigation is the most common irrigation system for potato production in Florida, which relies on control of the water table to irrigate the crop. A 2-year trial was established to evaluate the feasibility of drip irrigation as an alternative to seepage for potato production. The performance of ‘Atlantic’, ‘Fabula’, and ‘Red LaSoda’ varieties were evaluated by comparing two drip tape installation depths, surface (SUR) and subsurface (SUB) with seepage (SEP). The overall potato total yield was 25.3; 19.2 and 29.9 Mg ha^?1 for SUR, SUB and SEP, respectively. The SUR and SEP treatments yielded similarly for ‘Fabula’ in both years and ‘Atlantic’ in 2011. The ‘Red LaSoda’ consistently obtained lower yields under both drip treatments compared to SEP. Conversely, drip irrigation promoted significant reduction of the incidence of tuber physiological disorders such as brown center, hollow heart, and internal heat necrosis.     

Crop water stress index for potato under furrow and drip irrigation systems

Summary This study was conducted to determine the crop water stress index (CWSI) for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under furrow and drip irrigation methods and subjected to three different irrigation levels (100, 50 and 0% replenishment of soil water depleted). The lower (non-stressed) and upper (stressed) baselines were determined empirically from measurements of canopy temperatures, ambient air temperatures and vapor pressure deficit values. Tuber yield decreased when mean CWSI prior to irrigation exceeded 0.68 in furrow and 0.81 in drip irrigation. The tuber yield was directly correlated with the seasonal CWSI values and the linear equations for furrow and drip irrigation methods, Y = −45.82 CWSI + 50.69 and Y = −52.65 CWSI + 58.44, respectively, can be used for yield prediction.     

Influence of irrigation regimes on growth and yield of potato cv. Spunta

Summary The effect of furrow and drip irrigation giving 0, 33, 66, 100 and 133% of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETM) was studied on leaf transpiration, stomatal resistance, tuber growth, yield and yield response of cv. Spunta. The research was carried out in Sicily in 1988 and 1989 on early potato crops grown during the winter/spring cycle. Increased water supply increased leaf transpiration, plant fresh weight, tuber growth rate, yield and earliness, and decreased stomatal resistance and tuber dry weight. A higher yield response was obtained at the lower water regimes (ETM of 33 and 66%). There were no significant differences between the two methods of irrigation.     

Fertigation improves potato production in Inner Mongolia (China)

Inner Mongolia ranks number one in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in China; however, water-use (WUE) and fertilizer-use efficiencies (FUE) in potato production are lower in this region than those in developed countries, even lower than the average levels in China because of poor management of water and fertilizer by local farmers. Fertigation has been shown to significantly improve both WUE and FUE in developed countries. The aim of this work was to test how much fertigation could improve WUE and FUE relative to potato production in Inner Mongolia. The results from field experiments at different sites showed that, compared with the conventional cultivation based on flood irrigation, drip fertigation not only improved WUE and nitrogen-use efficiency in potato production system 1.4–2.0 fold and 20%–35%, respectively, without yield loss, but also increased proportion of commercial potato tuber by about 28%. Thus, we suggest the use of drip fertigation for potato production in Inner Mongolia, where water resources are limited.     

花后膜下滴灌对花生生长及产量的影响

以大花生花育22号和花育25号及小花生品种花育20号和花育27号为材料,研究花针期膜下滴灌处理对不同花生品种植株生长发育、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌处理对不同品种农艺性状的影响虽存在年际和品种间差异,但总体而言对花生农艺性状无显著影响。3年花针期膜下滴灌处理均显著增加花育25号和花育20号的单株结果数,增加其双仁果率,对其产量提高具有显著效应。除2013年花育22号外,3年试验结果均表明,花针期膜下滴灌对花生均具有增产效果,但对花生收获指数的影响无明显规律。