利用FOM肉脂仪测定猪胴体性状的研究

随机抽取屠宰生猪1988头，利用FOM肉脂仪测定胴体瘦肉率(LEAN)、最后肋骨处膘厚(P2)、倒数3、4肋骨之间膘厚(RF）和眼肌厚(RM)。并称量每头猪的胴体重(WT）。利用SAS软件分析胴体性状的平均数、变异程度和各性状间的相关性。结果表明：省内生猪胴体品质较差，主要表现为背膘较厚、眼肌厚度薄、胴体瘦肉率低、胴体重偏轻，且各性状的变异程度大；胴体性状间存在较高的表型相关，LEAN与P2、RF、WT呈强烈负相关，P2、RF、RM、WT之间存在极显著的正相关，LEAN与RM之间具有正相关趋势。     

半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取日龄相近、体重约43kg的宁乡阉公猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加80 mg/kg半胱胺,试验期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组屠宰率提高了3.04%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌滴水损失降低了21.83%(0.05≤P0.10)。3)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌饱和脂肪酸中硬脂酸含量下降了6.71%(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸中反油酸含量降低了62.57%(P0.01),二十碳烯酸含量降低了28.02%(P0.01);多不饱和脂肪酸含量升高了7.14%(P0.05),其中亚油酸含量升高了7.89%(P0.05),二十碳三烯酸含量升高了34.10%(0.05≤P0.10),α-亚麻酸含量下降了15.87%(P0.01)。由此可知,在饲粮中添加半胱胺提高了宁乡猪屠宰率,通过降低硬脂酸和提高亚油酸的含量改善了肉品质。     

共轭亚油酸对猪胴体和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸(CIA)的生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用效果是近年来的研究热点之一.研究结果表明,CLA能明显改善猪的胴体组成,降低脂肪沉积,提高胴体瘦肉率,改善猪肉品质.     

瘦肉型猪胴体品质和肌肉品质测定

选取适宰期大约克,长白纯种猪,社长大,长大,汉长大,大杜长,长大二（二花脸）杂种猪进行屠宰测定和肌肉品质常规分析。研究表明,大多数胴体性状和肌肉品质不存在非常显著的组合间差异。胴体品质总体而言比国外瘦肉型猪略差,但肌肉品质倨于国外报道的肉质性状。长大二三元杂交猪胴体品质和肉质性状与其它组合间差异不大。     

杜长大商品猪胴体性能及肉品质测定

研究测定了杜长大商品猪的胴体性能及肉品质。结果表明,试验猪的胴体瘦肉率较高为65.82%,肉色和大理石纹评分分别为3.50和3.05,背最长肌中鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸比例及不饱和脂肪酸含量都较高,分别为79.18%和57.52%。     

互助猪肉质性状的主成份分析

对２５头互助猪的肉质性状进行了主成份分析，结果表明：将１４个肉质性状综合成５个互不相关的主成份，累计贡献率达８０％，可基本反映原指标提供的信息量。并建立了综合评定互助猪肉脂品质的线性方程，可以用于互助猪保种选育中的优劣的评定。     

从江香猪胴体及肉品质性状研究

为探究从江香猪胴体性状和肌内脂肪含量变化规律,通过测定117头从江香猪皮厚、10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度、眼肌面积、背最长肌游离水分和肌内脂肪含量指标,分析性别和屠宰体重对各指标的影响及各性状间的相关关系。结果表明,性别对从江香猪10～11肋间背膘厚、眼肌深度和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对游离水分和肌肉脂肪含量(IMF)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。随着屠宰体重的增加,除肌肉游离水分外,从江香猪各项测定性状均呈现出增加趋势,其中屠宰体重对10～11肋间背膘厚和眼肌面积有显著影响(P<0.05),对IMF含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合各项测定指标,从江香猪屠宰体重处于65～75kg阶段屠宰较优。IMF与游离水分呈现出强负相关关系(相关系数为-0.624),二个指标间回归曲线模型Y=594.93589-15.58725X+0.10251215X2,决定系数R2为0.8783,模型准确度较高。     

共轭亚油酸对猪酮体和肉品质的影响

共轭亚油酸（cLA）的生物学功能及在畜禽生产中的应用效果是近年来的研究热点之一。研究结果表明，CLA能明显改善猪的胴体组成，降低脂肪沉积，提高胴体瘦肉率，改善猪肉品质。     

Nutritional approaches to slow late finishing pig growth: implications on carcass composition and pork quality

Although pork producers typically aim to optimize growth rates, occasionally it is necessary to slow growth, such as when harvest facility capacity is limited. In finishing pigs, numerous dietary strategies can be used to slow growth so pigs are at optimal slaughter body weights when harvest facility capacity and/or access is restored. However, the impact of these diets on pork carcass quality is largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary strategies to slow growth in late finishing pigs and evaluate their effects on carcass composition and pork quality. Mixed-sex pigs (n = 897; 125 ± 2 kg BW) were randomly allotted across 48 pens and assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/treatment): (1) Control diet representative of a typical finisher diet (CON); (2) diet containing 3% calcium chloride (CaCl₂); (3) diet containing 97% corn and no soybean meal (Corn); (4) diet deficient in isoleucine (LowIle); (5) diet containing 15% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from soybean hulls (15% NDF); and (6) diet containing 20% NDF from soybean hulls (20% NDF). Over 42 d, pen body weights and feed disappearance were collected. Pigs were harvested in 3 groups (14, 28, and 42 d on feed) and carcass data collected. From the harvest group, 1 loin was collected from 120 randomly selected carcasses (20 loins/treatment) to evaluate pork quality traits. Overall, ADG was reduced in CaCl₂, Corn, and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). However, ADFI was only reduced in CaCl₂ and 20% NDF pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Feed efficiency was reduced in CaCl₂ and Corn pigs compared with CON (P < 0.001). Hot carcass weights were reduced in CaCl₂ pigs at all harvest dates (P < 0.001) and were reduced in Corn and 20% NDF pigs at days 28 and 42 compared with CON pigs (P < 0.001). In general, CaCl₂ and 20% NDF diets resulted in leaner carcasses, whereas the Corn diet increased backfat by 42 d on test (P < 0.05). Loin pH was reduced and star probe increased in CaCl₂ pigs compared with CON pigs (P < 0.05); no treatments differed from CON pigs regarding drip loss, cook loss, color, firmness, or marbling (P ≥ 0.117). Overall, these data indicate that several dietary strategies can slow finishing pig growth without evidence of behavioral vices. However, changes to carcass composition and quality were also observed, indicating quality should be taken into consideration when choosing diets to slow growth.     

Effect of including sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam) meal in finishing pig diets on growth performance,carcass traits and pork quality

The partial replacement of a commercial concentrate at 10‐20% and 15‐30% (the first percentage of each dietary treatment corresponded to weeks 1–3 and the second to weeks 4–7 of the experiment, respectively) by sweet potato meal (SPM; 70% foliage: 30% roots) was evaluated for growth performance, carcass yield, instrumental and sensory pork quality using 36 commercial crossbred pigs (56.8 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight). Three dietary treatments were compared in a randomized complete block design. Most growth, carcass traits and pork quality variables were not affected by the SPM inclusion. Growth performance averaged 868 g/day and feed efficiency 0.24 kg/kg. However, feed intake increased 2.2% (P = 0.04) in pigs fed the 10‐20% SPM diets, in a similar order of magnitude as the decrease in dietary energy. Despite an increase in gastrointestinal tract as a percent of hot carcass weight (+14.7%) (P = 0.03) with SPM inclusion, carcass yield averaged 69.4%. Conversely, decreases in loin yield (?4.2%) (P = 0.05), backfat thickness (?6.0%) (P < 0.01) and pork tenderness (?13%) (P = 0.02) were observed with 15‐30% SPM inclusion. Results suggest that up to 20% SPM inclusion is a viable feed strategy for finishing pigs, easily replicable in small farm settings. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science     

Ob基因对松辽黑猪肉质和胴体性状的影响

以松辽黑猪为研究对象,分析Ob基因对其肉质和胴体性状的影响。测定30头松辽黑猪的9个肉质性状和6个胴体性状,用PCR-RFLP方法检测Ob基因型。结果显示,松辽黑猪TT基因型平均膘厚比CT基因型低,而肌内脂肪含量、瘦肉率则显著高于后者(P<0.05),其他肉质和胴体性状在Ob基因型间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,Ob基因的TT基因型对猪的肉质和胴体性状具有显著的正遗传效应。     

半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验选择25 kg左右的"杜长大"三元杂交猪96头,采用2×2析因设计分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头。对照组喂基础饲粮,酵母铬(Cr)组在基础饲粮中添加酵母铬(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200、300μg/kg),半胱胺(CS)组在基础饲粮中添加半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加CS 120、170 mg/kg),复合组在基础饲粮中同时添加酵母铬和半胱胺(生长期和肥育期分别添加Gr 200μg+CS 120 mg/kg、Gr300μg+CS 170 mg/kg)。试验分生长期和肥育期两阶段进行,研究半胱胺和酵母铬对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体和肌肉品质的影响。结果表明,生长肥育猪饲粮中分别添加半胱胺和酵母铬,一定程度上可改善生产性能,提高日增重、降低饲料/增重比;二者同时添加时有提高日增重的趋势,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮中分别或同时添加半胱胺和酵母铬对胴体肌肉品质也有一定的改善作用,但统计分析差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

植物提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、猪肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究植物提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及猪肉抗氧化能力的影响。选用20头体重相近[(83.75±5.83 kg)]的PIC猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮中额外添加0.04%植物提取物),每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头猪。结果表明,两组间育肥猪采食量、日增重、料肉比和胴体性状差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组肉色a*45min值显著提高(P<0.05),L*96 h值极显著降低(P<0.01);4℃下储存0、3 d和7 d猪肉,试验组肉样中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,饲粮中添加植物提取物有利于储存中猪肉品质的改善。     

Effects of the rearing system on the quality traits of the carcass, meat and fat of the Chato Murciano pig

To evaluate the performance of the Spanish autochthonous pig breed Chato Murciano under different rearing conditions, a total of 30 castrated male pigs were used. Eighteen pigs were reared in an outdoor system, and sent to slaughter with an average age of 210 days and live weight (LW) of 124.41 kg; and 12 pigs were reared in an indoor system, and slaughtered with 119.58 kg of LW and 236 days old. The pigs reared outdoors showed a better growing rate and final live weight in relation to age, as well as higher hot and cold carcass yields, and superior weights for the most valuable meat cuts, but their morphometric parameters were similar to those of the pigs reared indoors. The rearing system did not affect many of the meat quality traits (intramuscular fat (IMF) content, pH, color, tenderness and cooking loss), but drip losses were higher in the outdoor group. The levels of IMF found in this study in both rearing systems (2.65–3.19%) were notably lower than those from previous studies, probably due to differences in the diet used. The rearing system affected the mineral and fatty acid (FA) composition. The distribution of fatty acids in both groups, with a low Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) content, can be expected to produce good quality processed products.     

四川6个地方猪种的育肥和胴体性能以及肉质和风味物质比较研究

为了研究四川地方猪的种质特性,本试验测定了成华猪、雅南猪、青峪猪、内江猪、丫杈猪和凉山猪6个纯种地方猪的肥育性能、胴体性能、肉质常规理化指标和代谢组(滋味物质和挥发性风味物质)相关肉质指标.结果:丫杈猪的日增重、料重比、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著或极显著地优于成华猪(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),油酸+亚油酸和己醛+壬醛含...     

The influences of weaning age and weight on carcass traits and meat quality of pigs

The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of weaning age and weight on pigs, and their interaction with carcass traits and meat quality. A total of 468 piglets were obtained from 57 sows and four boars and grouped by age at weaning (D21, 18–24 days; D28, 25–32 days). Each weaning group was subdivided into three weight groups (L, M and H) according to weaning weight. The D28 group had heavier carcass weight, redness and yellowness, but had lower marbling scores and less drip loss than the D21 group (P < 0.05). The pigs with a light weight at weaning had higher carcass weights and lower yellowness than did pigs with a medium or heavy weight at weaning (P < 0.05). Weaning age was found to have a negative correlation with drip loss, while weaning weight was negatively correlated with carcass weight and drip loss (P < 0.05). We concluded that carcass and meat quality traits in pigs were significantly related to their age and weight at weaning. Therefore, we find that piglet weaning age and weight are no less important than post‐weaning growth performance and behavior, with regard to carcass traits and meat quality.     

不同屠宰体重商品猪胴体性能、肉品质及相关关系研究

测定了体重70～140 kg阶段120头商品猪的胴体品质和肉质特性,分析了商品猪胴体性能、肉质性状随体重的变化规律及相关程度,为确定适宜上市屠宰体重提供依据。结果表明:70～100 kg体重阶段,随体重增大,平均背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮脂率、肉色和大理石纹显著升高,后腿比例、瘦肉率、骨骼率、L和b值显著降低。胴体和肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。相同性状间有较强的正相关,相反性状间有较强的负相关。在70～140 kg阶段,胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、眼肌面积、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率、皮脂率、骨骼率、肉色和L值与体重之间呈显著的回归关系,其他指标与体重间的线性相关不显著。     

互助猪保种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用随扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术分析了互助猪两个保护核心群１８头个体的遗传变异,用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ指数计算了遗传变异在两个保种核心群群体内和群体间的分布。结果表明：互助猪两个保护核心群遗传变异有一定差异,分别为４９．００％和３４．５８％。这是由于两个保种群规模不同,导致世代近交增量也不同,同时长期的自群繁育阻碍了基因的相互交流。