玉米自交系对镰刀菌茎腐病抗性的研究初报

玉米自交系对镰刀菌茎腐病的抗性存在着广泛的遗传变异(gcv=18.37%),并具有较高的遗传力(h~2=84.87%)。随着玉米年龄的增大,髓组织密度与髓组织含糖量间的相关系数的绝对值逐渐增大,在抽雄后19天和28天,正相关性达到了极显著水平。病害发展过程中各时期的髓组织密度对茎腐病级别的总效应和直接效应皆为负值;不同时期的髓组织     

公众对城市森林的认知及其态度

为了解公众对城市森林的认知与态度,籍此探讨政府推行的生态型园林城市建设计划是否为公众所接受,该研究以保定市民问卷调查为例,合理设计调查问卷,并在所得数据的基础上分析了城市居民对城市森林的认知程度、现状满意度、需求及参与意识等各项指标。调查结果表明,大多数受访者对保定市城市森林现状不太满意,但对于城市森林建设的态度与参与意识较为积极。通过对662份有效调查问卷的结果分析,初步认识了公众对城市森林建设的各方面态度,为城市森林建设的相关决策者和研究者提供了参考。     

高赖氨酸玉米对串珠镰刀菌穗腐病抗性遗传的初步研究

以奥帕克-2高赖氨酸玉米(简称 O_2玉米)为材料,通过正反交、10×10不完全双列杂交以及六个世代对串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme Sheld)引起穗腐病的抗性遗传进行研究。试验结果表明:O_2玉米对串珠镰刀菌穗腐病的抗性属于核遗传,为不完全显性,基因的加性效应大于显性效应,抗性基因不存在上位性,抗性遗传力较高。抗性至少受1     

玉米镰刀菌穗腐穗丝抗性的基因证据

嫁接是银杏早实、丰产、改良品质的有效手段。作者通过试验，取得银杏嫁接以３月中旬至４月上旬进行枝接，夏季以芽接法进行补接为好；接穗取２－３年生枝条；砧木年龄大小均可，但成年砧木可提早开花结果的经验。可供生产单位参考。     

玉米茎腐病与品种抗性的研究进展

本文系统地总结了玉米茎腐病的危害,玉米茎腐病的症状特点及玉米茎腐病的病原菌种类、分布,讨论了玉米品种对茎腐病的抗性,抗性遗传及影响抗性的环境因素,提出了玉米抗茎腐病的育种方法。     

两个玉米群体对镰刀菌穗腐病抗性和伏马镰孢菌素污染抗性的相关性和遗传力

串珠镰刀菌和F.proliferatum是引起玉米穗腐和伏马镰孢菌素污染的主要病原菌，伏马镰孢菌素是影响动物和人体健康的真菌毒素。本研究的目的是评价两个玉米群体的伏马镰孢菌素含量、穗腐、开花时间的遗传力以及它们之间的基因型相关和表型相关。     

玉米对茎腐病的抗性机制及遗传方式

1病原菌种类 玉米茎腐病病原菌种类国内外报道不一,已见报道的有20余种.绝大多数报道表明,引起玉米茎腐病的病原菌是一个致病菌的群体,各地研究表明,不同地区的病原菌不完全相同或完全不同.     

玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病鉴定

腐霉茎腐病(Pythium stalk rot)是玉米生产上的重要病害。2013—2016年, 对1213份玉米种质资源进行了抗肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum)茎腐病的鉴定与评价。在1213份玉米种质中, 鉴定出高抗肿囊腐霉茎腐病的材料207份, 占鉴定总数的17.1%, 主要来自中国的内蒙古、河北、山西及美国等地。抗性材料159份, 占鉴定材料数的13.1%, 主要由源自中国的内蒙古、云南、山西和美国等地的种质构成。由此可见, 玉米种质中存在较为丰富的抗腐霉茎腐病资源, 且抗性水平与地理来源有关。自交系和农家种中对肿囊腐霉茎腐病表现高抗的种质分别占鉴定种质总数的18.7%和10.6%, 表明自交系中高抗肿囊腐霉茎腐病资源较农家种更为丰富。     

施用钾肥能显著提高玉米对茎腐病的抗性

<正>玉米茎腐病是一种危害严重的土传病害,在我国和世界范围内普遍发生。据在全国18个省区的调查,常年发病率在10%~20%,严重年份可达50%以上,减产25%以上,并严重影响玉米品质,是玉米生产中继大小叶斑病、丝黑穗     

我国玉米茎腐病研究进展

玉米茎腐病是一种世界性土传真菌病害,该病害在我国玉米产区均有发生。近年来,受耕作制度（如保护性耕作、秸秆还田等）的改变和气候变化的影响,生产中使用的高抗茎腐病的玉米品种不多等因素,致使田间病原菌数量增加,我国玉米茎腐病有逐渐加重的趋势。针对玉米茎腐病危害逐年加重的现状,本文系统综述了玉米茎腐病致病菌、发病症状表现、病情分级标准、病害侵染规律、抗性鉴定评价方法等方面的研究进展情况,并提出了玉米茎腐病的防治策略。     

Common resistance of wheat to members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex and F. culmorum

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is the most important disease of wheat in Central Europe. Although common resistance of wheat against several Fusarium species has been proposed recently, no data were available for the recently described species/lineages of F. graminearum and F. culmorum . In this study, twenty wheat genotypes were tested under field conditions by spraying inocula of isolates of eight species of the F. graminearum species complex, and three lineages of F. culmorum in 2003–2004. The severity of FHB, Fusarium damaged kernels, yield reduction and deoxynivalenol/nivalenol contamination were measured. F. culmorum isolates were in general more aggressive to wheat than those belonging to the F. graminearum species complex. The various wheat genotypes exhibited similar reactions against the different Fusarium isolates, indicating that resistance to F. graminearum sensu stricto was similar to that for the other species of the F. graminearum species complex examined. This is an important message to breeders as the resistance relates not only to any particular isolate of F. graminearum , but similarly to isolates of other Fusarium species.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying resistance of soybean to Fusarium graminearum

Fusarium graminearum could cause serious yield loss of soybean. Host resistance could offer an economical and effective way to control F. graminearum. The aims of this study were to identify and confirm quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying resistance to F. graminearum, and to analyse the genetic effects of pyramid resistance QTL on resistance level. A total of 140 F_2:14 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were constructed via the cross between 'Hefeng 25' (moderate resistance to F. graminearum) and 'Conrad' (resistance to F. graminearum). The molecular genetic linkage map was constructed based on 164 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of seven QTLs underlying F. graminearum resistance, located on six chromosomes, were identified. Among these seven identified QTLs, beneficial allele of qFG-1, qFG-2 and qFG-3 derived from 'Hefeng 25' and beneficial allele of qFG-4, qFG-5, qFG-6, qFG-7 derived from 'Conrad'. Of these seven identified QTLs, qFG-1, qFG-3, qFG-4 and qFG-5 were novel for F. graminearum resistance. Four pairs of QTLs with significant epistatic effects were found. The accumulation of resistance QTL was positively correlated with decreases in disease severity index, which was valuable for improving efficiency of marker-assistant breeding in F. graminearum resistance.     

赤霉菌粗毒素对小麦幼苗MDA含量和保护酶活性的影响

为了探讨不同赤霉病抗性小麦品种对赤霉菌粗毒素胁迫的生理生化反应的差异及其与抗病性的关系,用赤霉菌粗毒素处理赤霉病抗性不同的小麦品种的幼苗,在0.5~4天内测定各品种的丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及过氧化物酶（POD）活性的增率。结果表明,处理后感病品种幼苗的MDA含量增率高于抗病品种和中抗品种。各品种幼苗的SOD活性先增加后下降,抗性强的品种SOD活性的增率大,活性下降慢;抗性较弱的品种SOD活性的增率小,活性下降快。各小麦品种幼苗叶片的POD活性增率在1~4天内均呈升高趋势,抗性强的品种POD活性的增率小,抗性弱的品种POD活性的增率大。对MDA含量增率、SOD及POD活性增率的第2天测定值和第2~4天测定均值作方差分析表明,三种不同抗性品种间差异显著。     

Genetic and statistical models for estimating genetic parameters of maize seedling resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe root rot

Root lodging is an important problem in corn fields. Fungi recovered from roots include seedling blight and stalk rot pathogens. The objective of this work was to study the inheritance of maize seedling resistance to pathogens causing maize lodging. The Fusarium graminearum strain, 241 Fr1, was isolated from maize lodged plants and identified as the most pathogenic isolate for root rotting. Nine inbred lines of maize and their diallel F₁ crosses plus control genotypes were studied. Seedlings were inoculated at the stage of four-leaves. Disease severity was measured as percentage of the root rotted area. Highly significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated genotypes were found. Four genetic models and two statistical approaches—the mixed model for the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and the general linear model (GLM)—were used for the analysis. Favorable heterosis of resistance of hybrids over inbreds was the most important effect detected. The general combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for all genetic models and statistical methods studied, and a good agreement existed among the GCA estimates by the different methods. The type of gene action, either additive or dominance, showed a large variation among the parental inbreds and hybrids. Selection of additive effects based exclusively on inbred lines is not sufficient to confer resistance to hybrids, additional selection should be practiced on hybrids to look for favorable dominance effects. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

玉米拟轮枝镰孢菌穗腐病抗性基因的挖掘

玉米穗腐病是一种严重危害玉米生产的真菌性病害,而目前在世界范围内玉米育种上应用的大多数自交系缺少对穗腐病的抗性。玉米穗腐病抗性位点的挖掘和抗病基因的克隆,对玉米穗腐病的遗传改良至关重要。本研究旨在通过转录组测序和全基因组关联分析的方法进行玉米拟轮枝镰孢菌穗腐病抗性位点的挖掘并初步确定候选基因。抗病自交系法A和感病自交系掖81162的转录组测序结果表明,人工接种拟轮枝镰孢菌后7d两个自交系的差异表达基因有10,761个。通过全基因组关联分析共检测到5个与穗腐病抗性显著相关的SNP,这些SNP分布在1号和9号染色体上。通过比对B73 RefGen_v3并注释,发现SNP位点附近涉及的基因包括酰基激活酶1过氧化物酶体、蛋白磷酸酶2C 48、镁转运蛋白、受体蛋白激酶CRINKLY4和锌指CCCH域蛋白19。将在转录组测序中获得差异表达基因和全基因组选择中关联到的基因进行比对,发现全基因组关联分析中关联到的锌指CCCH域蛋白19同时也是转录组测序中获得的差异表达基因,表明锌指CCCH域蛋白19可能与玉米拟轮枝镰孢菌穗腐病的抗性相关。本研究结果不仅能为抗病基因的克隆和玉米的抗病...     

利用镰刀菌诱导玉米抗青枯病研究

利用来自不同寄主的 5个镰刀菌菌株 ,通过土壤诱导法对玉米青枯病主要致病菌Fusar iumgraminearum和Pythiumgraminicola分别进行诱导抗病性测定。供试 5种镰刀菌菌株均能诱导玉米抗青枯病。F1对P graminicola的诱导效果最好 ,用F1土壤诱导接种的诱导效果为 88%。F5对F .graminearum的诱导效果最好 ,用F5土壤诱导接种诱导效果达 10 0 %。免疫作用迟滞期及免疫作用持续时间测定结果表明 ,播前土壤诱导接种法效果好 ,持效期长 ,且能改善玉米农艺性状。土壤诱导接种法最佳迟滞期是 16d ,挑战后 6 3d诱导效果仍为 10 0 %。