Enhancement of seed germination in Macaranga peltata for use in tropical forest restoration

We used pre-sowing treatments v/z., soaking seeds in concen- trated sulphudc acid （CSA）, gibberellic acid （GA）, combined treatment of CSA ＋ GA and mechanical scarification to overcome seed dormancy and enhance synchronous germination of Macaranga peltata seeds. We analysed percent seed germination data by logistic regression and con- finned that except in GA treatment, time and acid concentration together were crucial for enhancing germination. The combination treatment of CSA and GA resulted in higher percent germination （up to 74%） than either treatment used separately, but produced defective seedlings （26%）. Mechanical scarification of seed coat had the greatest impact in enhanc- ing germination （78%） and reducing imbibition time （6 days） against the control （0%）. Germination studies and SEM analysis confirmed that seed germination in M. peltata was inhibited by seed coat dormancy.     

不同方法处理乌桕种子发芽率发芽势的影响

采用不同浓度的硫酸和草木灰水浸种,以及砂擦种皮方法处理乌桕种子,结果表明：用98%的浓硫酸去除乌桕种皮的蜡质,乌桕种子发芽率、发芽势最高,达到89.6%、67.6%,该处理操作简单,快捷,成本低,种子萌芽快,苗木生长整齐。     

乌桕籽制取生物柴油研究初报

以乌桕籽为原料,进行油脂提取,并对其理化性质及乌桕油脂脂肪酸组成进行分析,全籽干基含油率31.54%,果仁干基含油率65.76%,总脂肪酸含量92.63%,脂肪酸平均分子量273.36 g/mol。在特定的温度和压力下,采用一定的醇油比与碱性催化剂一起进行酯交换反应,制取生物柴油,并对转化后的生物柴油与0~#柴油勾兑后,参照0~#柴油进行了理化性质测定,各项指标达到了0~#柴油的质量要求,其中十六烷值为45,馏程95%时馏出温度为352.5℃。     

东京野茉莉种子休眠特性的研究

以浙江省遂昌县东京野茉莉新鲜种子为材料,通过对种子透水性、种被机械阻力、离体胚培养、发芽抑制物质提取及种子层积过程中的生理生化变化的研究,并利用赤霉素(GA3)进行发芽前预处理,探讨种子休眠机理及破除方法。结果表明:1)离体胚并无休眠特性,胚外组织中也不存在发芽抑制物质。尽管种子透水性影响其发芽率,但胚乳和种壳的机械束缚是东京野茉莉种子休眠的主要原因之一。2)层积后再机械处理可解除种子休眠。休眠能被赤霉素和(或)低温层积处理解除,说明种子同时存在生理抑制,其休眠类型属于综合性休眠。3)贮藏物质在层积过程中的动员与种子萌发率的提高密切相关,种内可溶性糖含量(R=0.885)、POD活性(R=0.658)与休眠的解除呈显著正相关。4)层积30 d后1 200 mg/L GA3处理的种子发芽率最高,为54%。胚的外覆物控制东京野茉莉的种子休眠,休眠解除的过程伴随种子内代谢水平的提高。     

Variable dormancy in seed of Pinus contorta

Seeds of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) collected southwest of Grande Praire, Alberta at three different times and altitudes between August 20, 1984 and August 15, 1985 showed variable responses to stratification. The responses were related to seed ripeness, as judged through evaluations of cone moisture contents, and with the length of time that the cones had remained on the trees. Unripe seeds started to lose germination in the third year after pollination when on the tree. Mature seeds which lost germination by late fall 1984 regained it by the next fall, while most unripe seeds did not. Immature seeds increased their need for stratification over time while mature seeds did not. Seeds should be left on the tree until the end of the third year to insure maximum viability because they do not reach maturity until then.     

Effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Tamarindus indica: a multi-purpose tree species in Bangladesh

We investigated the morphology and germination of Tamarindus indica seeds in order to discover the effects of variation in seed sources and pre-sowing treatments on germination. The experiment was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Seeds were collected from different but healthy trees from various locations in Bangladesh and subjected to four pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control, immersion in cold water (4°C for 24 h), immersion in hot water (80°C for 10 min) and scarification with sand paper. Seed germination was carried out in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in the ratio of 3:1. The average length of the fresh seeds was 1.35±0.26 cm, their width 1.07 ±0.20 cm and thickness 0.69±0.11 cm. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the germination process of seeds, which significantly increased the germination percentage with the cold water (81.67%) and scarification with sand paper (82.33%) treatments, compared with those in the control (58.33%) and hot water treatment (59.00%). In all treatments germination started on average within 5 to 7 days after the start of the treatments and were completed from 13 to 19 days later. The greatest success in germination (82.33%) was found in scarification with sand paper, followed with 81.67% in the cold water treatment. The results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences (p<0.05) in germination closing dates, seed germination periods and germination percentages among the treatments but no significant difference among seed sources. However, the effect of the interaction between seed source variation and pre-treatment differed significantly in seed germination closing dates and germination percentages. We recommend cold water treatment (submersion of seed at a temperature of 4°C for a 24-h period) for seed germination of T. indica in rural Bangladesh.     

不同引发处理对了哥王种子萌发的影响

以了哥王种子为材料,通过比较不同浓度的GA3、PEG、NaCl、复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4预浸种处理后种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标,研究不同引发剂对了哥王种子萌发的影响,结果表明：4种引发剂浸种处理均显著促进了哥王种子的萌发及幼苗生长,各指标提高效果均以GA3处理最好,PEG次之,再之为复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4, NaCl引发效果较差,并且随着引发剂浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

林木种子休眠研究评述

种子休眠,是指在充分满足各种发芽条件时,有生命力的种子一时不能发芽或发芽困难的自然现象。处于休眠的种子,种皮坚硬、含水量低,细胞内养分处于难溶态,代谢活动较低。一般将种子休眠划分为三个类型:即强迫休眠、生理休眠和综合休眠。种子生理休眠的机理包括:种果皮的抑制;植物激素的作用;种子的二次休眠;综合因素造成的休眠;分子变化等方面。     

乌桕籽剥壳机械设计

乌桕是1种难得油料作物,可同时提取两种油脂—皮油和梓油。乌桕籽通过脱蜡后剩下黑色籽粒,通过剥壳,将仁、壳分离,桕仁是制取梓油的重要原料。乌桕剥壳机主要由机架、料斗、进料量调节器、辊调节机构、电动机、传动机构、风机及双辊等组成。通过对乌桕籽进入双辊工作区的条件,脱壳过程的分析,根据乌桕籽的粒度实现双辊间距的可调节,乌桕籽...     

Effect of different seed treatments on dormancy breaking and germination in three species in arid and semi-arid lands

Seeds of many woody plant species have one of several types of dormancy. They do not germinate unless specific environmental signals are in place or events occur. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of scarification treatments on seed dormancy and germination of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del., Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. and Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. The following treatments were applied: T1, untreated seed (control); T2, sulphuric acid (97%) for 45 min; T3, boiling water for 5 min. The seeds were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium after sterilization. The responses of seeds to treatments were compared with each other and with the control treatment. Germination was observed daily for a 30-day period. Results indicated positive responses to treatments, while impermeable seed coats may be responsible for low germination rates in intact seeds as seen experimentally in the untreated control. The highest germination was obtained for P. juliflora and D. viscosa acid-scarified seeds (80.8%-90.8%) and for scarified seeds of A. nilotica (50.2%) boiled in water. The germination indices, i.e., final germination percentage (FG), mean daily germination (MDG) and germination rate (GR), were significantly affected by treatments and species (p<0.01).     

赤霉素浸种与低温层积对桂花种子发芽的影响

对桂花种子进行了层积前赤霉素浸种与低温层积相结合的催芽试验。结果表明，桂花种子具有休眠特性，低温层积能够增进桂花种子萌发。层积前用赤霉素浸泡促进桂花种子萌发的作用明显，试验以3000mg／L赤霉素浸泡2天和2000mg／L赤霉素浸泡2天或4天最好，极显著或显著地高于其它处理组合。赤霉素浸泡必须与低温层积相结合，其作用效果才能发挥，试验中以层积60天最好。清水浸泡促进萌发的效果不明显。     

北美鹅掌楸种子破眠技术研究

用低温层积处理、低温裸层积处理、赤霉素处理等方法研究北美鹅掌楸种子的破眠技术，结果表明北美鹅掌楸种子经150d低温层积，其发芽率接近80％，而低温裸层积90d，其发芽率就达80％以上。200mg／kg浓度的赤霉素处理种子48h发芽率只有35％，但用赤霉素处理后再对种子进行低温层积，种子萌发速度加快，层积60d其发芽率达到77％。     

两个树种在涝渍胁迫下的生长及生理变化研究

文章通过为期60d田间模拟试验,以1年生落羽杉、乌桕实生苗为试才,采用完全随机试验设计,对两个树种在涝渍胁迫下的生长变化、光合特性及荧光动力学参数进行了初步研究。结果表明:在涝渍处理条件下,两个树种均产生了大量的不定根且生物量增量和相对生长率也表现出对涝渍胁迫的适应性。涝渍处理下,2个树种的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)均显著降低,涝渍程度越强,其下降幅度越大。两个树种相比,落羽杉具有更强的耐涝性。     

层积时间和深度及贮藏年限对黄瑞香种子萌发的影响

为了找到探索有效打破黄瑞香种子休眠、提高种子发芽率的方法,以黄瑞香种子为试材,研究3种不同层积期、4种不同层积深度以及不同贮藏年限对黄瑞香种子发芽率的影响。结果表明,贮藏1 a或2 a对黄瑞香种子发芽率的影响差异不显著;不同层积期、不同层积深度对黄瑞香种子发芽率有显著影响。层积期10月20日发芽率最高,11月9日发芽率最低;层积深度80 cm效果最好,40 cm发芽率最低;黄瑞香种子生理休眠属深度生理休眠。由于各因素间对打破种子休眠无交互作用,因此层积期为1 0月20日至10月30日、层积深度为60~100 cm,可获得较高的发芽率。     

3个乌桕种源在广州的早期生长表现

对来自湖南省望城县、广东省连山县、江西省上犹县的3个乌桕种源进行早期生长研究,结果表明,种子千粒重、苗高、幼林树高和胸径在种源间、家系间均达极显著差异水平,种子千粒重与苗高间,苗高与幼林树高、胸径间均表现为较密切的正相关关系;湖南望城种源的种子千粒重、苗高、幼林树高和胸径均最大;经综合评选,筛选出16个优良家系,其中湖南望城、广东连山、江西上犹种源入选家系个数分别为8,4,4个,优良家系树高和胸径的现实遗传增益分别达到23．1％和37．5％。     

花楸树种子休眠影响因素与萌发特性研究

花楸树(Sorbus pohuashanensis)为蔷薇科苹果亚科花楸属植物,落叶小乔木,树高达8 m.主要分布在我国东北、华北,朝鲜北部,俄罗斯远东地区也有分布(周以良,1986; 周德本,1986).花楸树春季满树银花,夏季羽叶秀丽,秋、冬季红果满枝,是一种未被充分开发利用的优良绿化树种.     

不同处理对4种草坪种子发芽的影响

采用正交试验设计,研究了硝酸钾、赤霉素浸种对剪股颖、紫羊茅、黑麦草、狗牙根种子发芽的影响(主要考查了发芽势、发芽率、简化活力指数等指标)。实验数据及分析结果表明：黑麦草以0．1％KNO3、紫羊茅以0．3％KNO3、狗牙根以300g/L GA3 0．1％KNO3处理效果较好,剪股颖以不处理为好。     

Effects of moist chilling and solid matrix priming on germination of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds from sources with a mild climate under maritime influence (North Carolina) required shorter moist chilling to achieve maximum germination vigor than seeds from sources with a harsher continental climate (Oklahoma). Solid matrix priming (SMP) for 6 d achieved as much as 60 d of moist chilling to improve rapidity, synchrony and completeness of germination for three of the four families studied. SMP after moist chilling increased the rapidity, synchrony and completeness of germination. The benefit of SMP was greatest for non-stratified seeds and the benefit decreased with length of moist chilling. In general, delaying planting for one week after SMP had minor effects on germination when seeds were kept in the SMP matrix at 4°C. Delayed planting after SMP can increase germination rapidity and synchrony of seeds that have received long moist chilling and reduce the benefit of SMP in non-moist-chilled seeds.     

不同温度、时间层积处理对刺五加种子发芽的影响

为了提高刺五加种子的发芽率,将两个不同产地的刺五加种子进行不同温度、时间的促进生理后熟和打破休眠的处理。结果表明,高温处理虽然能够促进种胚个体大小的发育,但不能打破种子的休眠,因此和低温处理一样发芽率为0。变温处理使胚长由最初的0.2mm伸长到3.1mm,发芽率达到12.0%。随促进生理后熟处理时间的延长,种子的胚长和发芽率均呈上升态势,处理160d的平均胚长(2.9mm)和发芽率(62.7%)达到了最高。打破休眠处理的时间以60d的平均发芽率为最高(27.1%)。     

播种预处理对苦楝种子萌发的影响

在孟加拉Khulna大学森林和木材技术学科苗圃,调查了预处理的苦楝种子的萌发情况。成熟的苦楝种子采自国家植物园内的健康植株,对种子进行了5 种处理(对照,冷水浸泡,热水浸泡,砂纸破皮和浓硫酸浸泡)。结果表明,除了冷水浸泡外,其它播种预处理的种子萌发率显著高于对照种子。砂纸破皮处理的种子萌发率最高(80%),浓硫酸浸泡和热水浸泡的种子萌发率分别是74%和69%。苦楝种子在第8～11天开始萌发,萌发周期是20～21天。方差分析表明,预处理显著影响种子萌发率,但对萌发周期没有显著影响。推荐用热水浸泡处理种植在孟加拉农村的苦楝种子促进萌发。图2表2参30。