二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究

本文报道国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物－二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究。以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对兰氏C群类马链球菌（C55120）和猪肺炎支原体（F16株）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别是1．6级及0．16mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和支原体性肺炎的实验性治疗结果表明，低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（2．5、5、10mg/kg)及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪链球菌病的治愈分别是40％、70％、80％及70％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为70％；低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是80％、90％、90％及80％；而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为10％。     

乙基环丙沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究

本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药－－乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５４）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５ｕｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、     

复方环丙沙星混悬液对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效试验

环丙沙星又名环丙氟哌酸,属氟喹诺酮类药物.该药抗菌力强、抗菌浓度低,不易产生耐药性,是目前世界上抗感染药物最佳品种之一,广泛应用于兽医临床.复方环丙沙星混悬液是以环丙沙星为主要成分的复方制剂,主要用于治疗畜禽细菌和支原体感染.笔者对复方环丙沙星混悬液对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效进行了试验,现将结果报告如下.     

乙基环丙沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究

本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药──乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ＿（５５１２０））和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ＿（５４））的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药６０（每天２次）对猪链球病的治愈率分别是５０％、９５％及９５％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为７０％；乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药３ｄ（每隔１２ｈ给药一次）对猪水肿病的治愈率分别是８５％、９０％及９０％；而大肠杆菌感染对照组的死亡率为９０％。     

猪支原体性肺炎的诊疗

猪支原体肺炎是一种慢性接触性呼吸道疾病,猪支原体肺炎在世界许多地方又称猪地方性肺炎（即猪喘气病）。其主要症状是咳嗽和气喘,不同日龄、品质、性别的猪均能感染．其中以哺乳母猪和幼猪最易感,母猪和成年猪多呈慢性和隐形感染。病猪和带菌猪是本病的传染源。病原体由病猪咳嗽、气喘和喷嚏随分泌物排到体外,形成飞沫。经呼吸道感染健康猪。     

“猪地方性肺炎及其防治控制”专栏三：猪肺炎支原体的诊断

猪肺炎支原体可引发猪地方性肺炎,仍然是导致养猪业疫病的重要病原体之一。这种复杂的小型微生物可定殖在猪呼吸道的纤毛细胞中,使其几乎不暴露于免疫系统下。证实猪肺炎支原体的存在、并确定其在呼吸道疾病和肺炎中的作用,对兽医行业仍然具有挑战性。虽然猪肺炎支原体的培养仍然是对其作出鉴定的黄金标准,但血清学方法、聚合酶链反应和检测组织中猪肺炎支原体的各种不同方法仍是实验室常用的检测技术。由于猪肺炎支原体在由并发的细菌和病毒感染引发的严重肺炎中所起的作用日益增加,了解猪肺炎支原体的发病机制和现有的诊断方法对开发有效的干预措施以及在猪群水平上控制猪群呼吸道疾病非常关键。     

猪支原体性肺炎的综合防控

猪支原体性肺炎,俗称猪气喘病,是由猪肺炎支原体引起的慢性呼吸道传染病,以呼吸困难、咳嗽、气喘为主要特征。近年来,因异地引种增多,流通交易频繁,加之饲养管理不善等原因,导致该病发生率不断上升,发病后不仅治疗成本高,短期难以根除,而且会造成重大的经济损失,给净化工作带来难度。因此,各养猪场必须贯彻“以防为主,防重于治”的方针,一旦发病要及时采取隔离、消毒、免疫、治疗、淘汰、净化等综合性措施加以防控,杜绝扩散传播。     

猪支原体性肺炎的病因及防治措施

猪支原体性肺炎又称猪喘气病、是由猪肺炎支原体引发的一种慢性肺炎,呈地方流行性,是猪的一种慢性接触性传染病,地方猪种较外来猪种易感。本病多为慢性经过,常发生于冬春寒冷季节,秋季次之,夏季较少。病猪的主要症状为咳嗽和气喘。近年来由于经常和PRRS、圆环病毒等其他病原混合感染,成为流行最广最难净化的重要疫病之一,造成重大的经济损失。     

氧氟沙星对霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染鸡的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得氧氟沙星及其对照药物恩诺沙星、洛美沙星和强力霉素对鸡败血霉形体的最小抑菌浓度分别为０．００６２５、０．０２５、０．４和０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ氧氟沙星、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ恩诺沙星、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ强力霉素连续５ｄ饮水给药,对人工合并感染败血霉形体和大肠杆菌病鸡的治愈率分别是９３．３％、９６．７％、９６．７％、１００％、９６．７％和８３．３％,感     

梅岭霉素B开发研究

梅岭霉素Ｂ是江西农业大学“梅岭霉素Ｂ”课题组研制的杀虫抗生素，它的生物学活性和阿佛麦菌素相近似。为评价梅岭霉素Ｂ驱除猪蛔虫的效果及对猪的安全性，采用０．３、０．４、０．５ｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量一次混饲，每组２０头猪。试验证明梅岭霉素Ｂ以０．４～０．５ｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量能有效地驱除猪蛔虫，对猪群无任何不良反应。     

MRI CHARACTERISTICS AND HISTOLOGY OF BONE MARROW LESIONS IN DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED OSTEOARTHRITIS

Signal changes within the bone marrow adjacent to osteoarthritic joints are commonly seen on magnetic resonance (MR) images in humans and in dogs. The histological nature of these lesions is poorly known. In this study, we describe the MR imaging of bone marrow lesions adjacent to the stifle joints of dogs with experimental osteoarthritis over 13 months. Histology of the proximal tibia at the end of the study was compared with the last MR imaging findings. In five adult dogs, the left cranial cruciate ligament was transected. Post-operatively, MR imaging was performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 13 months. Dogs were euthanised after 13 months and histological specimen of the proximal tibia were evaluated. Bone marrow edema like MR imaging signal changes were seen in every MR examination of all dogs in one or more locations of the proximal tibia and the distal femur. Lesions varied in size and location throughout the whole study with the exception of constantly seen lesions in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal region at the level of the tibial eminence. On histology, hematopoiesis and myxomatous transformation of the bone marrow and/or intertrabecular fibrosis without signs of bone marrow edema were consistent findings in the areas corresponding to the MR imaging signal changes. We conclude that within the bone marrow, zones of increased signal intensity on fat suppressed MR images do not necessarily represent edema but can be due to cellular infiltration. Contrary to humans, hematopoiesis is seen in bone marrow edema-like lesions in this canine model of osteoarthritis.     

上海地区猪群中H1N1甲型流感抗体检测

对2009年H1N1甲型流感流行前后的上海地区养殖场户410份猪血清样品,分别采用血凝抑制试验（hemagglutination inhibition,HI）和酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）进行检测H1N1甲型流感病毒和猪流感病毒（Swine in？uenza virus,SIV）。检测结果表明,除2007年外,2008~2010年猪血清中均存在不同水平的HI抗体,阳性率呈显著上升趋势,且抗体水平与猪群饲养周期及饲养密度正相关,而与猪流感病毒的流行无相关性。     

氨苯枫——联磺甲氧苄啶对实验猪卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的疗效试验

为判断氨苯枫－联磺甲氧苄啶对人工诱发实验猪卜氏肺孢子虫肺炎的确切疗效。进行了本次试验。将人工诱发卜氏肺孢子虫肺炎成功的１１头实验猪中的１０头接受氨苯枫－联磺甲氧苄啶的治疗,１头为对照。每天治疗猪每次投服氨苯枫２片,联磺甲氧苄啶２片,每天２次,连服１０天。结果实验猪于治疗后５天症状有所缓解,第１０天恢复健康;对照猪症状进一步恶化,于第３天死亡。结果说明此药物组合对卜氏肺孢子虫肺炎有较好的疗效。     

林可霉素水溶性粉剂对由魏氏梭菌引起的鸡坏死性肠炎的药效研究

本文对新兽药制剂林可霉素水溶性剂，用人工感染发病的方法进行了药效学研究。     

凌源市猪附红细胞体病诊断与防治研究

凌源市2002年3月首次发生以高热、贫血、黄疸、消瘦、流产为主要特征的猪附红细胞体病。血浆中、红细胞表面附有0.2-1.5μm多形态的生物体，姬姆萨染色呈淡紫红色。人工接种该生物体可使猪、兔发病，并能检出相同病原体。病猪是主要传染源，吸血昆虫、受污染的饲料、胎盘也传播。三氮咪为首选治疗药，配合性性血素疗效更好。     

OROPHARYNGEAE DYSPHAGIAS IN THE DOG: A CINEFLUOROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING SWALLOWING DISORDERS

Cinefluorography and videoflurography were used to record and analyze the functional swallowing deficits of nine dogs with spontaneous oropharyngeal swallowing problems. Based on the clinical and radiographic signs observed in one dog with experimentally induced bilateral hypoglossal palsy and comparison with cinefluorograms of normal dogs, the nine spontaneous dysphagias were divided into five oral dysphagias and four pharyngeal dysphagias. Dogs with oral dysphagias had problems with tongue control and in prehending and transporting food and fluid to the oropharynx. On cinefluorograms, a poor closure of the oral egress led to the loss of contrast medium from the mouth, and a weak tongue-thrust action caused retention of contrast medium in the oropharynx. The clinical and radiographic signs could be duplicated by hypoglossal neurectomy. In contrast to the pharyngeal dysphagias, aspiration pneumonia was noticeably absent in oral dysphagias. The dogs with pharyngeal dysphagia had severe difficulties in transporting the food from the oropharynx to the laryngopharynx owing to a poor contractility of the pharyngeal muscles. The latter resulted in contrast medium retention in the pharynx and laryngotracheal aspiration. The need was stressed for a careful differentiation between oral and pharyngeal dysphagias on one hand, and cricopharyngeal dysphagias on the other hand. In oral dysphagias, cricopharyngeal myotomy appeared of no use. In pharyngeal dysphagias, cricopharyngeal myotomy severely aggravated the clinical signs by causing a cricopharyngeal chalasia.