促使云杉矮槲寄生果实提前脱落药剂筛选

云杉矮槲寄生正在威胁三江源地区的部分云杉林,为阻断其传播途径,在云杉矮槲寄生刚结果初期喷施植物激素,促使其果实在种子未成熟就提前脱落。采用40％乙烯利水剂、20％国光萘乙酸粉剂、50％国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂这3种植物激素进行促使云杉矮槲寄生的果实提前脱落的药剂筛选,结果表明在果实上喷施浓度为1：200的40％乙烯利水剂,施药后3d果实开始脱落,7d果实脱落率达到100％,其它2种药剂虽然也能促使提前落果,但效果次之。     

云杉矮槲寄生——危害青海云杉的寄生植物

云杉矮槲寄生Arceuthobium sichuanense主要寄生在云杉上,引起病部枝条膨大、形成“丛枝”。该文从分类地位、形态特征、危害特点和治理等方面介绍了云杉矮槲寄生的研究现状与进展。     

云杉矮槲寄生开花特性及化学防控

云杉矮槲寄生是严重危害三江源地区天然云杉林的多年生寄生性种子植物。对云杉矮槲寄生开花动态的定点监测结果表明:云杉矮槲寄生花期持续40天以上,单株花序寿命约为15天;雌花在花期结束后6～8天后开始坐果,幼果初期无果梗,浅绿色,直径约为1～1.3mm;果实成熟后期,果梗逐渐伸长至1～1.5mm,颜色转为深绿色。4种不同浓度的植物激素类药剂[40%乙烯利水剂,50%国光丁酰肼可溶性粉剂,20%国光萘乙酸粉剂(NAA)和90.8%脱落酸(ABA)]对云杉矮槲寄生花芽的药剂防治试验发现:1∶400的40%乙烯利水剂为防除效果最佳,可达100%,且未对云杉植株产生不良药害反应。     

矮槲寄生的生物学特性及管理策略

对矮槲寄生的生物学特性及其防治研究的最新进展进行综述,重点阐述了矮槲寄生的危害和目前对矮槲寄生的管理策略等,指出对矮槲寄生的防治方法是在营林措施上,并对矮槲寄生的防治研究趋势进行了展望。     

乙烯利催落银杏种实效果试验

江苏泰兴、邳州为全国银杏重点产区 ,栽培历史悠久 ,品种有大佛子、小佛子、龙眼、梅核等 ,年产量为 2 0 0 0～ 3 0 0 0ｔ。随着小树结果 ,产量将逐年增加。目前银杏生产上存在的主要问题之一是采收期正值秋收农忙 ,农、果争用劳力。银杏树形高大 ,果实小 ,人工采摘困难。习惯采收法为雇用强壮劳力 ,上树用棍棒敲打果实 ,使之脱落。这样做 ,工效低、劳动强度大、支出多。敲打果实 ,极易损伤枝叶与芽 (俗称奶枝 ) ,甚至敲断枝干 ,影响植株生长及来年产量。因此有必要改进银杏的采收方法 ,以提高工效 ,保护树体 ,使不受或少受损害。目前 ,国外…     

乙烯利及NAA对红富士疏花疏果的效应

在红富士苹果花蕾期、盛花蓁落花后三个时期喷施乙烯利配合ＮＡＡ,结果表明,在盛花期取得明显效果,尤以乙烯利４００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和６００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１及乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１配合两组处理效果最好,百花序坐果数达到４６－９９个,单用乙烯利８００ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１ｘ疏除过量,百花序做果仅２５个,配合ＮＡＡ１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１可降低乙烯利的疏除效应,使得效果更为稳妥。     

乙烯利与橡胶树排胶及死皮关系

系统介绍乙烯利刺激增产机理和乙烯利对橡胶树排胶负面效应。     

乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产机制研究进展

乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的效果显著,乙烯利刺激割胶技术已在天然橡胶生产中普遍采用,但乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的机制还不明确,仍是目前橡胶树产排胶机制研究的热点之一。综述近年来从不同学科不同角度对乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产机制研究的结果,认为乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的原因可能是多方面的,从水通道蛋白方面探讨乙烯利刺激橡胶树增产的可能机制。     

乙烯利对采后枣果的催熟

乙烯利处理采后枣果，可促进枣果后熟转红和鲜果品质的改善，使果肉中V－C、糖含量增加，酸度降低。     

乙烯利对金花茶的成花效应

以15-20年生普通金花茶（CamelliaSect．ChysanthaChang）为试材,采用单因素试验设计研究不同浓度乙烯利对金花茶植株生长及成花效应的影响。结果表明：当乙烯利喷施浓度为1．25mg／L时,金花茶的茎粗和花蕾长宽具有促进作用,当喷施量2．50mg／L时则产生抑制作用。喷施乙烯利溶液对新稍抽发量具有显著的抑制作用。乙烯利对金花茶成花具有显著促进作用,试验中喷施浓度为2．50mg／L时效果最佳,单株平均花蕾数达120朵;乙烯利对1年生金花茶枝条成花促进作用,1年生枝条〉2年生枝条〉3年生枝条。综上,生产上可以喷施浓度为1．25mg／L乙烯利溶液,如要提高浓度需经过试验。     

The effects of Arceuthobium sichuanense infection on needles and current‐year shoots of mature and young Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) trees

Arceuthobium sichuanense is a hemiparasitic angiosperm that infects Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) in Qinghai province, China, and causes severe damage to spruce forests in Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. In this study, the impact of A. sichuanense infection on mature and young trees of Qinghai spruce was evaluated by examining needle and current‐year shoot morphology, needle water and nitrogen‐use efficiency (NUE) and needle nitrogen concentration. The most apparent effect of A. sichuanense infection was a significant reduction in both needle size distal to infection and current‐year shoot length in the infected branches (p < 0.001). Per cent reductions in needle and current‐year shoot length were similar between mature and young trees (58.9 vs. 56.3%; 59.7 vs. 62.9%). There was a high degree of correlation in foliar δ¹⁵N values between the dwarf mistletoe and its host trees (R² = 0.9017, p < 0.001), while the foliar δ¹³C values of A. sichuanense were similar to those of infected mature and young spruce trees. The dwarf mistletoe infection also resulted in a significant decrease in host needle N concentration and δ¹³C values (p < 0.001). The per cent reduction in needle N concentration in young trees was nearly twice as much as that in mature trees (20.49 vs. 11.54%), while the per cent reduction in needle δ¹³C values was similar between young and mature trees (?0.98 vs.?1.1‰). The NUE in mature trees was not affected by A. sichuanense infection, but the NUE in young trees was increased by the infection.     

Identification of Arceuthobium globosum using unmanned aerial vehicle images in a high mountain forest of central Mexico

The identification of forests infested by parasitic plants is important for the design of appropriate control and prevention strategies. Satellite images and geographic information systems are commonly used to analyze the presence of pest and parasitic plants in the forests. However there is a need for finer resolution. In the last decade,the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become increasingly common for capturing aerial images(10 cm per pixel). The objective of the study was to obtain RGB values(Red, Green and Blue) through the colorimetric ranges for use in identification of Yellow Dwarf Mistletoe(YDM)(Arceuthobium globosum) in aerial images taken in a forest of central Mexico via a programmed algorithm.Three tonalities of YDM were classified according to its phenological stages, viz. green(young stage), yellow(adult stage), and brown(senescence stage), considering two light intensities, sunny and cloudy. Non-parametric tests were used in statistical analyses. The Spearman test showed significant negative correlation(p 0.001) between phenological stage and colour, indicating that lower RGB values were associated with greater age. The differences between groups were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis(p 0.01) and Mann–Whitney tests(p 0.01). The applied algorithm identified the presence and predominant colours of YDM according to its phenological stage.     

旋转编码在PC控制电梯中的应用

介绍了旋转编码器在电梯控制中的应用及优化可编程序控制器（PC）的程序设计，简化了硬件线路，提高了电梯工作可靠性。     

用塑料裙防治松鼠试验

松鼠主要通过折断树枝取食栗苞而对栗园造成直接的危害。根据松鼠的习性，阻断其上下树的通道，以达到防止松鼠折树取食栗苞危害。通过试验，在栗树干基做塑料裙的方法能够直接阻断松鼠的上下树通道。预防效果达到75％以上。     

Infection of Arceuthobium americanum by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its potential for inundative biological control

Inundative biological control of Arceuthobium americanum occurring on Pinus contorta var. latifolia with the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was investigated. Isolates of C. gloeosporioides were collected throughout British Columbia, Canada, and one isolate was selected for assessment based on its growth and sporulation in culture. The fungus was formulated using the ‘Stabileze’ method and inoculated onto A. americanum under field conditions. It became established on some replicates and there was a higher incidence of C. gloeosporioides on treated replicates than controls. In some replicates, the treatment reduced fruit production, leading to a decrease in the reproductive capacity of the dwarf mistletoe plant; however, the efficacy was highly variable and not significant.     

烟雾剂防治地面竹蝗跳蝻试验

使用手提式烟雾机喷烟可以防治地面害虫。用10％林虫敌烟雾剂100ml／666．67m^2、10％林虫敌烟雾剂80ml／666．67m^2 重雾剂K20ml和2．5％敌杀死乳油20ml 溶剂R80ml防治竹蝗跳蝻效果均达到良好防治效果。适宜大面积推广使用烟雾剂防治竹蝗跳蝻。     

利用布撒器防治松果梢斑螟试验简报

以松果梢斑螟为对象,利用布撒器抛撒Bt药包和施放1.2%苦参烟碱烟剂进行生产性防治试验,结果表明:布撒器抛撒Bt药包,红松球果的受害率为5%;1.2%苦参烟碱烟剂,受害率为34%,布撒器的防治效果远远好于1.2%苦参烟碱烟剂。在林龄大、树木高的林分条件下,建议采用布撒器抛撒Bt药包的方法防治松果梢斑螟。     

油茶饼粕抑螺效果研究

采用浸杀和喷杀方法开展油茶饼粕抑螺试验,结果表明：油茶饼粕的茶皂素含量为14.8％.以油茶饼粕10.0 mg/L室内浸杀钉螺2d和3d,钉螺死亡率均达100％,浸杀抑螺效果呈明显的量—效和时—效关系.以油茶饼粕4.0 g/m2和8.0 g/m2室内喷杀钉螺7d,钉螺校正死亡率分别为96.84％和100.0％,杀螺效果与氯硝柳胺相当.