山东省泰安市宠物食品产业发展调查报告

宠物产业是新兴的伴侣产业，宠物经济逐渐成为现代人们关注和消费的重点业态，从国际上看，宠物经济已步入成熟期，形成了宠物饲养、宠物食品、宠物训练、宠物健康、宠物医疗等产业体系。近几年来中国城乡居民饲养猫、犬数量剧增，宠物相关的行业也得到高速增长。泰安市畜牧兽医事业发展服务中心对宠物食品生产企业进行了调查。经调查发现，泰安市宠物食品产业已经得到政府大力支持，但仍存在许多困难。     

益生菌在犬猫上的应用研究进展

益生菌是一种定植于宿主肠道,能够调节肠道微生态平衡,提高宿主机体健康水平的活菌制剂。目前益生菌已被证实能够对动物起到多种有益的作用。随着宠物医疗行业的快速发展,犬猫的健康越来越受到主人的重视,益生菌被广泛添加到宠物食品以及营养补充剂中,通过维持肠道微生态的平衡达到预防肠道疾病或提高肠道免疫力的目的。对益生菌的定义、种类和作用机制,以及益生菌在犬猫上的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为犬猫益生菌制剂的开发以及益生菌在宠物医疗行业的应用提供参考。     

宠物食品适口性评估方法研究进展

适口性是衡量宠物食品成功与否的重要标准之一。不同品种宠物对同一款宠物食品适口性不同,同一只宠物生命发育阶段的变化对同一款宠物食品适口性也可能不同,动物因素是研究适口性不可忽略的因素。犬猫特殊的习性也会影响其在采食上的适口性选择,例如在摄取脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的侧重差异。目前,适口性评估方法一般采用条件反射法、单碗法和双碗法。条件反射法在评估适口性的同时,更侧重改善动物不良采食习惯,单碗法和双碗法则是将采食量通过数字化呈现,直观比较采食差异评估适口性。近年来,也出现了使用电子设备对采食时的动物监测一系列生物学指标以评估适口性的新方法。本文归纳总结了目前常用的犬、猫宠物食品适口性评估方法并阐述其特点,为后续对犬猫宠物食品的研发提供参考。     

走进皇家宠物食品

正皇家宠物食品自1968年以来一直致力于为犬猫提供量身定制的营养方案,满足更多犬猫个性化的需求。皇家宠物食品由兽医师创建,坚持奉行"犬猫优先"的独特理念,并把维护犬猫权益作为创新的核心,以改善它们的福祉和健康。基于近乎苛刻的道德规范,通过与兽医师、科学家和养殖场密切合作,皇家宠物食品已经成为全球领先企业。皇家宠物食品致力于全球范围内的可持续发展,目前在90多个国家拥有6200多名员工,共同为人类和地球开创更美好的未来。1995年皇家宠物食品进入中国市场,总部坐落于     

犬猫冠状病毒病

由犬猫冠状病毒感染导致的犬猫冠状病毒病对宠物危害较大，不仅影响宠物行业的健康发展，还对人类健康和公共卫生安全构成潜在威胁。本文从病原学、临床症状与病理变化、诊断方法等方面分别对犬冠状病毒病和猫冠状病毒病进行介绍，并对犬猫冠状病毒病的防治进行概述，以期为犬猫养殖者、饲养者及研究人员提供参考。     

柴鸡的醒抱技术

随着我国经济的高速、健康发展．犬、猫等宠物悄然走进居民的生活．成为众多家庭中特殊的一员．并在减缓人们生活压力,排遣内心寂寞,创造宠物和人类的和谐,促进经济发展．以及解决劳动就业等方面都发挥着积极的作用。宠物这个新兴的行业．正成为新形势下都市农业经济增长的亮点．不断带动着其相关产业的发展。宠物饲养．宠物诊疗、宠物美容．宠物食品、宠物药品等逐渐成为经济的热点．特别是宠物医疗发展速度很快。     

益生菌、益生元、合生元与犬猫肠道健康的研究进展

益生菌、益生元作为宠物食品添加剂,可调节肠道菌群结构及相关代谢产物而有益于宿主健康。本文对益生菌、益生元等在宠物食品中的应用进行综述,并探讨益生菌、益生元、合生元在宠物营养中的作用,以期为提高犬猫肠道健康及宠物食品合理配制提供参考。     

犬猫肠道菌群特点与营养调控研究进展

肠道菌群逐渐被认为是与犬猫健康密切相关的代谢活性器官，其参与营养物质的消化吸收、机体代谢及免疫等多种生理功能，决定着犬猫整体健康状态。食物营养素作为犬猫肠道菌群的生长基质，在决定肠道微生物组成及代谢方面起着重要作用。宠物食品中除碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪等营养成分外，也包括越来越多的微生物靶向成分，如益生菌和益生元等，这些营养素亦能调控犬猫肠道菌群结构及微生物代谢产物的生成，以达到改善宠物整体健康的目的。为此，本文就犬猫肠道菌群特点、功能以及饮食营养素对犬猫肠道菌群的影响进行综述，旨在为营养调控肠道菌群，改善犬猫健康及促进功能性宠物食品发展提供理论依据。 [关键词] 犬猫|肠道菌群|益生菌|益生元     

86例犬间叶组织肿瘤初步分析

随着伴侣动物生活条件的改善,以及宠物医疗水平的提升,犬猫肿瘤的重要性日益增加。由于犬猫与人类生活环境基本一致,研究其自发性肿瘤不仅有益于宠物本身,更有利于为人类肿瘤的研究与治疗提供借鉴。国外发达国家已建立伴侣动物肿瘤的统计分析数据库,而国内相关的小动物肿瘤统计很少,迄今也没有建立相关数据库。论文对临床诊断的犬猫各型肿瘤发生率进行了初步统计,并进一步对发生率较高的间叶组织肿瘤进行统计。结果表明,间叶组织肿瘤在犬猫肿瘤疾病中发生率较高,约占25%;且良性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤比例约为3∶1;但并未发现明显的品种和雌雄性的差异。     

宠物新冠病毒抗原红乳胶免疫试剂卡检测方法的建立

宠物（猫、犬）作为人类的伴侣动物,正突飞猛进的增长,越来越多的进入社会家庭,尤其老人、单身和丁克家庭。新冠病毒传染性极强,猫、犬可带毒但不表现症状,病人或无症状阳性人员因密接宠物,有可能传染给猫、犬,通过猫、犬的活动又污染环境或可传染给其他人,对宠物新冠抗原的检测是有效防控新冠疫情的重要举措,对公共卫生安全具有重要意义。本试验采用红色乳胶微球标记新型冠状病毒N蛋白单抗,建立宠物新冠病毒抗原红乳胶免疫试剂盒。试验结果表明该试剂盒的灵敏度高（150 pg/mL）,特异性强（与其他19病毒或病菌抗原无交叉反应）,操作简便,快捷,15 min出结果,具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可用于宠物（猫、犬）新冠病毒抗原的快速检查。     

Future directions in training of veterinarians for small exotic mammal medicine: expectations, potential, opportunities, and mandates

Small exotic mammals have been companions to people for almost as long as dogs and cats have been. The challenge for veterinary medicine today is to decipher the tea leaves and determine whether small mammals are fad or transient pets or whether they will still be popular in 20 years. This article focuses on pet small-mammal medicine, as the concerns of the laboratory animal are better known and may differ profoundly from those of a pet. Dozens of species of small exotic mammals are kept as pets. These pet small-mammal species have historically served human purposes other than companionship: for hunting, for their pelts, or for meat. Now, they are common pets. At present, most veterinary schools lack courses in the medical care of these animals. Veterinary students need at least one required class to introduce them to these pets. Currently, there are no small-mammal-only residency programs. This does not correspond with current needs. The only way to judge current needs is by assessing what employers are looking for. In a recent JAVMA classified section, almost 30% of small-animal practices in suburban/urban areas were hiring veterinarians with knowledge of exotic pets. All veterinarians must recognize that pet exotic small mammals have changed the landscape of small-animal medicine. It is a reality that, today, many small-animal practices see pet exotic small mammals on a daily basis.     

Role of pet dogs and cats in the transmission of helminthic zoonoses in Europe, with a focus on echinococcosis and toxocarosis

The close emotional tie between people and companion animals is a beneficial relation known as the human-animal bond. However, pet dogs and cats can play an important role in the transmission of helminthic zoonotic agents such as the tapeworms Echinococcus and the roundworms Toxocara which are directly transmitted from pets to the human environment without the involvement of vectors or intermediate hosts. In humans, echinococcosis has emerged in Europe and toxocarosis is still persisting in large endemic areas despite the availability of highly efficient anthelminthics for dogs and cats. Ecological changes significantly contributed to these trends: the high wild fox populations and the high density of freely roaming dogs and cats maintain a permanent infection pressure of these and other parasites. Further, the establishment of urban recreational environments closer to natural ecological systems boosted vole populations that represent urban reservoirs for zoonotic helminths. A good understanding of the parasites’ biology and epidemiology including the transmission to humans is required for planning and implementing effective prevention strategies. The continuous education of veterinarians and the information of the pet owners by providing uniform recommendations are of priority importance. A close collaboration between veterinary and public health professionals in a ‘One Health’ concept is required.     

Nitrite poisoning in cats and dogs fed a commercial pet food

The death of three cats, from two separate households, was linked to toxic concentrations of sodium nitriterused as a preservative, in a commercial pet food. Post-mortem examination of the three cats revealed a brownish discoloration of the blood suggestive of methaemoglobinaemia. Analysis of two samples of the pet food fed to the cats revealed a mean concentration of 2850 mg of total nitrite per kg of food (as fed). In a further incident, ataxia and weakness was noticed in two of four dogs after they were fed the same brand of pet food. One dog was successfully treated for methaemoglobinaemia with intravenous methylene blue.     

Nitrite poisoning in cats and dogs fed a commercial pet food

The death of three cats, from two separate households, was linked to toxic concentrations of sodium nitrite used as a preservative in a commercial pet food. Post-mortem examination of the three cats revealed a brownish discoloration of the blood suggestive of methaemoglobinaemia. Analysis of two samples of the pet food fed to the cats revealed a mean concentration of 2850 mg of total nitrite per kg of food (as fed). In a further incident, ataxia and weakness was noticed in two of four dogs after they were fed the same brand of pet food. One dog was successfully treated for methaemoglobinaemia with intravenous methylene blue.     

Dietary influences on periodontal health in dogs and cats.

A pet cannot be healthy without oral health. Periodontal is a significant disease that has local and systemic ramifications. It has been stated earlier that effective plaque control prevents gingivitis. In human beings, 90% of periodontitis occurs as the result of progression gingivitis, and this type of periodontitis can be completely prevented by plaque control. It is reasonable that dogs and cats react similarly and that effective plaque control could prevent a large percentage of periodontitis cases. Proper nutrition and effective oral hygiene are necessary components of oral health and should be jointly promoted in the management of oral disease in dogs and cats.     

灭蚤项圈对犬、猫蚤的临床试验

采用自身对照试验，以自然感染栉首蚤（Ctenocephalides sp．）的犬与猫为试验动物，验证常熟市金牧药业有限公司生产的灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对蚤的杀灭与防治效果。结果表明：在整个试验期间，所有参与试验的犬、猫均未出现任何不良反应，犬、猫在挂项圈（即用药）后第14～60天，杀虫率分别在97．3％～98．4％与96．6％～98．0％之间，杀虫效果极显著（P〈o．01）。证明灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对犬、猫安全可靠，能长期杀灭犬、猫蚤类。     

Evidence of Bartonella henselae infection in cats and dogs in the United Kingdom

Sera from cats and dogs in the UK were tested by ELISA for antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Seropositivity was confirmed in 28 of 69 pet cats (40.6 per cent), 33 of 79 feral cats (41.8 per cent) and three of 100 pet dogs. Reactivity to specific B. henselae antigens was confirmed by Western blotting and demonstrated that consistent antigenic bands were bound by sera from the cats and dogs.     

Nutrition for aging cats and dogs and the importance of body condition.

Before recommending a diet for a senior pet, a thorough nutritional evaluation should be completed. Although many middle-aged and older pets are overweight, a large percentage of geriatric cats and dogs have a low BCS. Approximately one third of cats older than 12 years of age may have a decreased ability to digest fat, whereas one in five may have a compromised ability to digest protein. Thus, appropriate diets for these two age groups may differ considerably. Mature (middle-aged) cats would likely benefit from a lower calorie food, whereas geriatric cats (>12 years of age) may need a highly digestible nutrient-dense diet. More than 40% of dogs between the ages of 5 and 10 years are overweight or obese. Such dogs may benefit from diets with lower fat and calories. Senior dogs also have an increased need for dietary protein, however. Therefore, healthy older dogs may benefit from diets with an increased protein-to-calorie ratio, providing a minimum of 25% of calories from protein. Common obesity-related conditions in dogs or cats include DM and OA. Diabetes differs between dogs and cats. Type I diabetes, common in dogs, seems to respond to fiber-enriched diets, whereas type II diabetes, common in cats, seems to benefit from high-protein and low-carbohydrate diets. OA, an inflammatory condition that occurs in approximately 20% of dogs, may benefit from weight management and nutrients that reduce the inflammatory responses, such as long-chain n-3 fatty acids.     

Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Client‐Owned Dogs and Cats,and Retail Raw Meat Pet Food in the Manawatu,New Zealand

Campylobacter causes acute gastroenteritis in people worldwide and is frequently isolated from food, animals and the environment. The disease is predominately food‐borne but many routes of transmission and sources of infection have been described, including contact with pets. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats varies widely, and data on New Zealand pets are limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs, cats and retail raw meat pet food products in New Zealand and to characterize Campylobacter jejuni isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Ninety dogs and 110 cats examined at the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective procedures, and fifty locally purchased retail raw meat pet diets were sampled. Two culture protocols combining Bolton broth enrichment and mCCDA and CAT agars in a microaerobic atmosphere at 42°C and 37°C with species identification using PCR were performed. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter helveticus was 36%, 13%, 23% and 1% in dogs and 16%, 5%, 5% and 7% in cats, respectively. One dog had Campylobacter lari confirmed, and three dogs and one cat had multiple Campylobacter spp. detected. Significantly more animals tested positive using CAT than mCCDA agar (P < 0.001). Being neutered, vaccinated for Bordetella bronchiseptica, fed dry diets and brought in for neutering were protective factors for dogs, whereas attendance for dental treatment was a risk factor for cats. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 28%, C. jejuni 22%, C. lari 6% and Campylobacter coli 6% of food samples. Six isolates positive by Campylobacter genus PCR were identified as Arcobacter butzleri. Poultry meat was more likely to be positive than non‐poultry meat (P = 0.006). Of the 13 C. jejuni pet isolates with full MLST profiles, eight were of different sequence types (ST) and all nine food isolates were of different STs.