竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响

本试验旨在研究竹叶提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数及产气量的影响。试验选用健康、体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛用于瘤胃液的采集,以精粗比为4∶6的全混合日粮作为发酵底物。试验组分为6组,各组分别添加0(对照)、0.75、1.50、3.00、4.50、6.00 mg/g的竹叶提取物,每组6个重复,每个重复3个批次。体外发酵24 h后,记录产气量,测定瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:1)各组的发酵液pH均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验组的发酵液中氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中3.00和4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中NH_3-N浓度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。试验组的发酵液中干物质消失率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2) 4.50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05); 3. 00、4.50、6. 00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中乙酸浓度显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05); 4. 50、6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P <0. 05); 3. 00、4. 50、6. 00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中丁酸浓度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05); 6.00 mg/g竹叶提取物组的发酵液中异戊酸浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组的发酵液中异丁酸、戊酸浓度以及乙酸/丙酸均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验组的体外发酵甲烷体积和甲烷含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。各组的体外发酵产气量无显著差异(P> 0.05)。综上所述,体外条件下添加竹叶提取物在不影响瘤胃发酵模式的同时可以显著降低甲烷排放,其中添加4.50 mg/g竹叶提取物效果最佳。     

甜叶菊提取物对犊牛生长性能和腹泻率的影响

本研究旨在探究甜叶菊提取物对犊牛生长性能和腹泻率的影响.将体格健康、大小匀称的80头4月龄左右断乳安格斯公牛平均分成4组,每组20头,分别为对照组(不添加甜叶菊提取物,SE0)、SE低剂量组(1 g/头·d,SE1)、SE中剂量组(2 g/头·d,SE2)、SE高剂量组(4 g/头·d,SE4).预试期7 d,试验期6...     

芒果叶提取物对1～42d肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮添加芒果叶提取物对1~42 d肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重为(63.18±0.69)g的1日龄艾维茵白羽肉仔鸡780只,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复饲养65只鸡。对照组饲喂以玉米-豆粕型日粮,处理组在基础日粮中添加150和300 g/kg芒果叶提取物,试验分1~21 d和22~42 d两阶段饲养,共进行42 d。结果显示:150和300 g/kg芒果叶提取物组较对照组显著提高了42 d肉鸡的体重(P0.05),日粮添加芒果叶提取物组比对照组提高了22~42 d和1~42 d平均日增重(P0.05)。日粮添加150 g/kg芒果叶提取物较对照组显著提高了21 d肉鸡总抗氧化力酶的活力(P0.05);日粮添加300 g/kg芒果叶提取物与对照组相比显著降低了42 d肉鸡总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量(P0.05);与对照组和150 g/kg芒果叶提取物组相比,300 g/kg芒果叶提取物组显著降低了42 d肉鸡血液葡萄糖含量(P0.05)。对照组与芒果叶提取物组对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P0.05)。日粮添加300 g/kg芒果叶提取物组较对照组显著降低了胸肌的滴水损失(P0.05),且300 g/kg芒果叶提取物组显著提高了屠宰后1和24 h胸肌的肉色(a值),且显著减低了肉色(L值)(P0.05),显著降低了24 h后肉色(b值)(P0.05)。结论 :在本试验条件下,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加300 g/kg芒果叶提取物可以提高1~42 d肉鸡生长性能,改善胸肌肉品质及血液脂肪代谢。     

中草药对杂交肉牛育肥效果观察

本试验选购了14～16月龄,活体重约300kg西杂肉牛21头,根据完全随机分组原则平均分成3组进行试验.结果表明:海带和艾叶混合物(1:1)提高肉牛平均日增重153.2～394.3g/d,相对提高14.2％～50.6％,差异达到极显著.     

VE对肉牛精液品质的影响

本试验以肉牛为研究对象,探讨日粮不同水平的VE对肉牛精液品质的影响。试验选择体况良好、体重相近、3周岁的肉牛20头随机分为4组,各组依次添加0、50、100、150g/d的VE。试验周期为60d。结果表明:日粮添加100g/d VE组的采精量比对照组显著提高42.95%(P0.05);VE 3组的精子浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.05),分别提高了23.04%、41.47%、32.25%,100g/d VE组的精子浓度比50g/d VE组显著提高17.71%;100g/d VE组的精子活率比对照组显著提高6.07%(P0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加100g/d VE可显著提高CAT和GSH-pX的活性(P0.05),分别提高了31.40%和16.18%;VE对GR和SOD的活性无显著影响。综上所述,肉牛日粮中添加适量的VE可显著改善肉牛精子品质,其中100g/d VE添加量较为适宜。     

日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化性能及血清生化指标的影响,探讨辣木提取物作为饲料添加剂使用的有效性及最适添加量。试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡480只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础日粮;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素;3个辣木提取物试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25、0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物。试验期42d,分为1～21d和22～42d两个阶段。结果显示:①与对照组相比,抗生素组显著提高了42日龄肉鸡体重及各阶段平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05)。添加0.25、0.50g/kg辣木提取物可显著提高42日龄肉鸡体重及1～42日龄ADG(P<0.05),其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物效果较好。各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡的屠宰性能与肉品质均无显著差异(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,添加金霉素与0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),其中0.50g/kg辣木提取物组作用效果最佳;与抗生素组相比,添加辣木提取物显著降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。④与对照组相比,添加金霉素与辣木提取物组对肉鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。⑤与对照组相比,添加0.25、0.50及1.00g/kg辣木提取物组肉鸡死淘率降低到1.04%、3.13%和2.08%。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加辣木提取物能够提高肉鸡的增重和抗氧化性能、降低肉鸡死淘率,其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物的效果最佳。     

延胡索酸对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵活力及乳酸浓度的影响

试验研究不同添加量水平的延胡索酸对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物发酵活力及乳酸浓度的影响。选择4头体况良好,平均体质量350 kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计。试验分为对照组(基础日粮)、80 g/d组(基础日粮+延胡索酸80 g/d)、160 g/d(基础日粮+延胡索酸160 g/d)和240 g/d组(基础日粮+延胡索酸240 g/d)。结果表明:与对照组相比,80和160 g/d组(P0.05)的瘤胃羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)酶活有升高趋势,240 g/d组显著低于对照组(P0.05);瘤胃乳酸质量浓度80、160和240 g/d组显著低于对照组(P0.05);总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)在1、6和9 h,160与240 g/d组显著高于对照组与80 g/d组(P0.05),乙酸质量浓度在饲喂后3 h,对照组显著高于80、160与240 g/d组(P0.05),丙酸质量浓度在1、3、6和9 h,对照组显著低于其他3组(P0.05),丁酸质量浓度160与240 g/d组在9 h显著低于对照组和80 g/d组(P0.05),各时间点对照组的乙酸比丙酸含量显著高于其他3组(P0.05);发酵24和48 h时,160和240 g/d组的酸性洗涤纤维(NDF)和中性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率显著高于对照组和80 g/d组(P0.05)。因此,日粮中添加延胡索酸可提高瘤胃微生物体外发酵活力,减少乳酸累积量。     

丝兰提取物饲喂杂交肉牛的效果观察

为了研究丝兰提取物作为脲酶抑制剂对肉牛生产性能的影响,在肉牛日粮中添加丝兰提取物进行育肥饲养试验。结果表明,试验1组比未添加丝兰提取物的日增重对照组多增重204.84g,提高44.34%,经t值检验,差异极显著(P0.01)。试验2组(丝兰提取物+磷酸脲)日增重比对照组多增重312.74g,提高67.69%,经t值检验,两组差异极显著(P0.01)。试验2组比试验1组日增重多增重107.9g,提高16.18%,经t值检验,两组差异显著(P0.05)。试验表明,饲料中添加丝兰提取物结合磷酸脲对肉牛增重效果更显著,优于单纯添加丝兰提取物。     

日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加辣木提取物对AA肉鸡的生产性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、抗氧化性能及血清生化指标的影响,探讨辣木提取物作为饲料添加剂使用的有效性及最适添加量。试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡480只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂无抗生素基础日粮;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素;3个辣木提取物试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.25、0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物。试验期42d,分为1～21d和22～42d两个阶段。结果显示:①与对照组相比,抗生素组显著提高了42日龄肉鸡体重及各阶段平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05)。添加0.25、0.50g/kg辣木提取物可显著提高42日龄肉鸡体重及1～42日龄ADG(P0.05),其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物效果较好。各试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)均无显著差异(P0.05)。②各组肉鸡的屠宰性能与肉品质均无显著差异(P0.05)。③与对照组相比,添加金霉素与0.50、1.00g/kg辣木提取物显著提高了肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P0.05),其中0.50g/kg辣木提取物组作用效果最佳;与抗生素组相比,添加辣木提取物显著降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)含量。④与对照组相比,添加金霉素与辣木提取物组对肉鸡血清生化指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。⑤与对照组相比,添加0.25、0.50及1.00g/kg辣木提取物组肉鸡死淘率降低到1.04%、3.13%和2.08%。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加辣木提取物能够提高肉鸡的增重和抗氧化性能、降低肉鸡死淘率,其中添加0.50g/kg辣木提取物的效果最佳。     

添加不同比例补充料对三元杂交肉牛生产性能影响的研究

将18头平均体重为129±7.4kg的三元杂交公牛(本地黄牛×西门塔尔×夏洛来)分成(稻草+米糠)组、(稻草+米糠+棉粕)组、(氨化稻草+米糠)组、(氨化稻草+米糠+棉粕)组、玉米青贮料组、(玉米青贮料+米糠)组共6个组用于研究比较干稻草、氨化稻草和玉米青贮料的饲喂价值。结果表明:(氨化稻草+米糠+棉粕)组肉牛的平均日增重最高(1.01kg/d)且每千克增重成本最低(3.53元)。冬季农户用"氨化稻草+米糠(5g/kg体重/d)+棉粕(1.5g/kg体重/d)"这种方法来饲喂肉牛可获得较理想的生产性能和经济效益。     

Factors that limit maintenance of recombinant rumen bacterium in sheep rumen

Factors limiting the maintenance of recombinant ruminal bacterium in the rumen were evaluated in vitro , using batch culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign xylanase gene ( B. fibrisolvens NO4) was used as a tested recombinant that was selectable on an erythromycin-containing agar medium. The recombinant tended to reduce its level slowly in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high hay diet, while its initial decrease was more apparent in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high concentrate diet. Incubation with cell-free ruminal fluid revealed a significant decrease of inoculated recombinant, suggesting the presence of antibacterial factors limiting maintenance of the recombinant. In particular, during the first 12 h of incubation this inhibition was more notable in culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep given the high concentrate diet. Autoclaving the cell-free rumen fluid inactivated the inhibition. Numbers of the recombinant for inoculation did not influence the final level of survived recombinant, that is, the initial depression was larger as more recombinant was inoculated. Subculturing with xylan before inoculation and/or direct addition of xylan to the batch culture did not improve survival of the recombinant. From these results it is suggested that the level of survived recombinant is limited to 10^2–4/mL of in vitro batch culture with restricted energy supply and that initial depression of the recombinant is mainly caused by the heat-sensitive antibacterial factors not associating with microbial cells in the rumen.     

Comparison of rumen bacteria distribution in original rumen digesta,rumen liquid and solid fractions in lactating Holstein cows

Background: Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better established.Methods: To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet(HFD) or a high energy diet(HED) were collected via rumen fistulas. Rumen digesta was then squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth to separate liquid and solid fractions. The bacterial profiles of rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions were analyzed with High-throughput sequencing technique.Results: Rumen bacterial diversity was mainly affected by diet and individual cow(P 0.05) rather than rumen fraction. Bias distributed bacteria were observed in solid and liquid fractions of rumen content using Venn diagram and LEf Se analysis. Fifteen out of 16 detected biomarkers(using LEf Se analysis) were found in liquid fraction, and these 15 biomarkers contributed the most to the bacterial differences among rumen content fractions.Conclusions: Similar results were found when using samples of original rumen digesta, rumen liquid or solid fractions to assess diversity of rumen bacteria; however, more attention should be draw onto bias distributed bacteria in different ruminal fractions, especially when liquid fraction has been used as a representative sample for rumen bacterial study.     

Effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation in the artificial rumen

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Compared to control diet, the addition of nisin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of hemicellulose degradation, acetate, propionate (mmol.day-1) production and energetic efficiency of VFA (E), decrease of butyrate production. Nisin had no effect on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), cellulose and detergent fiber degradation, production of total gas, methane and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The addition of monensin resulted in an decrease of DM, OM (P < 0.05), cellulose, hemicellulose, detergent fiber degradation (P < 0.001), total gas, methane and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Monensin also significantly decreased acetate, butyrate, L-lactate (mmol.day-1) production and it increased propionate production (P > 0.001) and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The combined effect of nisin and monensin in V4 was similar to the effect of monensin in V3 compared to control. Then, the effect of additive monensin was dominant over nisin. In conclusion, our results indicate that nisin was less effective than monensin on some fermentation parameters (important for the improvement of the efficiency of utilization of the diet by ruminants) in artificial rumen.     

日粮精粗比对瘤胃内环境及微生物区系影响的研究

瘤胃作为反刍动物体内的饲料加工厂,其内环境稳定和微生物区系的平衡影响着动物对饲料的利用,日粮精粗比的改变影响瘤胃内环境稳态以及微生物区系组成,从而影响反刍动物的生产效率。本文综述了日粮精粗比影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、VFA浓度和瘤胃微生物区系组成的研究进展,为在生产实践中提高反刍动物生产效率提供理论依据。     

西藏农区黄牛主要瘤胃微生物及瘤胃液物质特征值

通过测定牛瘤胃液中N源、可溶性糖含量,统计分类纤毛虫数量和改良纤维分解细菌选择性培养基等方法,发现瘤胃内 NH+1-N、NO-3-N、全N和可溶性糖处在一个动态变化过程,含量的高低取决于瘤胃内食糜的养分、食糜和瘤胃液在瘤胃中的排空时间,同时鉴定了西藏黄牛瘤胃液中12种不同属的纤毛虫、4个主要纤维素分解细菌和厌氧真菌的数量变化特点.结果表明,NH+4-N含量变化较小,在平均值(71.279 9±15.120 5)mg/L浮动;NO-3-N在AM 10:00达到最高值;全N在AM 8:00和16:00含量最高.通过试验改良的纤维素菌培养基能较好地培养瘤胃内4种细菌,为更进一步研究瘤胃内微生物提供了一条途径.     

过瘤胃蛋白质饲料保护技术研究进展

过瘤胃蛋白是反刍动物吸收氨基酸的重要来源,降低蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解率能提高动物的生产性能,改善氮的利用,增加氮的沉积,从而提高优质蛋白质饲料的利用率。国内外对过瘤胃蛋白做了大量的研究,包括各种化学方法、热处理方法和物理包被,以及最有推广应用价值的戊糖加热复合保护处理法。     

硒对热应激条件下放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响

为探讨热应激条件下补硒对放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,试验选择体重相近、健康的7～8月龄杜寒杂交羊10只,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分成2组,每组5只.对照组不添加硒,试验组硒添加水平为0.2 mg/d(硒源为酵母硒).在夏季温度最高的初伏到中伏期间,以自然放牧方式饲养20 d后,颈静脉采集血液测定血...