白酒糟和发酵白酒糟对西门塔尔杂交牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究不同比例白酒糟和发酵白酒糟替代饲粮中粗料对西门塔尔杂交公牛（西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛）瘤胃发酵参数和微生物区系的影响,采用2×3双因素试验设计。选取49头体重相近[（491.35±48.32）kg]、健康状况良好的西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为7组,每组7头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,处理组分别饲喂用20%,40%和60%白酒糟和发酵白酒糟以粗料形式替换基础饲粮中皇竹草配制的全混合日粮,预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。结果显示：（1）发酵白酒糟组丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、异戊酸以及总挥发性脂肪（VFA）酸含量显著高于白酒糟组（P < 0.05）|酒糟添加水平对乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量以及乙丙比均有显著影响（P < 0.05）|酒糟类型和酒糟添加水平对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著交互作用（P > 0.05）。（2）发酵白酒糟组瘤胃微生物蛋白显著高于白酒糟组（P < 0.05）|酒糟添加水平对pH、氨态氮及微生物蛋白均有显著影响（P < 0.05）|酒糟类型和酒糟添加水平对微生物蛋白（MCP）有显著的互作效应（P < 0.05）。（3）酒糟类型及添加量对微生物多样性及丰度无显著影响且酒糟类型与酒糟添加量之间不存在交互作用（P > 0.05）。（4）门水平上,优势菌门均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,其中发酵白酒糟组放线菌门丰度显著低于白酒糟组（P < 0.05）|属水平上,优势菌属均为普雷沃氏菌属。40%替代组和60%替代组中拟杆菌属BS11丰度较20%替代组显著降低 | 40%和60%发酵白酒糟替代组瘤胃球菌属2丰度较对照组显著升高（P < 0.05）。各处理组其他几种菌属丰度差异不显著（P > 0.05）。综上所述,发酵白酒糟对西杂牛瘤胃NH3-N的代谢和MCP的合成效果优于白酒糟。发酵白酒糟更有利于改善瘤胃发酵方式。白酒糟和发酵白酒糟对西杂牛瘤胃微生物门水平上的两种主要优势菌门（拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门）丰度无显著影响。发酵白酒糟和白酒糟用量较高时,发酵白酒糟维持西杂牛瘤胃微生物多样性更加有利,且能促进普雷沃氏菌属的生长和繁殖。 [关键词] 发酵白酒糟|西门塔尔杂交牛牛|瘤胃发酵参数|微生物区系     

发酵菌糠替代白酒糟对育肥牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物菌群结构和功能的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菌糠替代白酒糟对育肥牛瘤胃发酵参数、微生物菌群结构和功能的影响.选取18月龄、体重[(350±30)kg]接近和健康状况良好的育肥牛(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛)24头,随机分为3组,每组8头.对照组粗饲料以白酒糟、稻草和全株玉米青贮组成,记为白酒糟组(DG组),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别用发酵菌糠替代对照组50％和...     

发酵白酒糟营养价值的评定及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评定发酵白酒糟营养价值及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响。利用胃蛋白酶-胰酶二步法体外消化测定发酵白酒糟的营养价值,再进行育肥猪的饲养试验。采用单因子试验设计,选取体重52.57 kg左右的育肥猪28头,随机分配到4个处理组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组。每组7个重复,每个重复1头育肥猪,试验期为27 d。后三组用6%的发酵白酒糟代替部分玉米、麸皮、豆粕等日粮原料。结果表明:发酵白酒糟在40℃恒温体外消化装置下持续消化6 h至消化完全,此时干物质消化率为42.12%,蛋白质消化率为64.29%,粗纤维消化率为20.86%。用6%的发酵白酒糟代替以纤维类为主的饲料原料可提高育肥猪生长性能,增加经济效益。本试验通过评定发酵白酒糟的实际应用效果,为白酒糟的开发和应用提供相应的理论依据和数据支持。     

不同类型白酒糟对西杂牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同类型白酒糟对西杂牛生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响.选取年龄(12月龄)、体重[(382.24±29.39)kg]相近的健康西杂(西门塔尔牛×本地黄牛)架子牛公牛120头,随机分为3组,每组40头牛.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,干酒糟组和发酵酒糟组分别饲喂用4.8％的干酒糟或发酵酒糟...     

白酒糟替代部分青贮料饲喂肉羊效果比较试验

本试验通过白酒糟和青贮以不同的比例混合饲喂6月龄的育肥肉羊,结果表明:(1)用白酒糟育肥肉羊时,白酒糟可以替代70%的靑贮料,而对6月龄育肥肉羊的生长性能无不利影响。(2)白酒糟替代青贮育肥肉羊时,50%白酒糟替代50%青贮料可获得最佳的育肥效果和经济效益。     

不同加工方法对白酒糟营养价值和体外瘤胃发酵的影响

本文旨在研究不同加工方法对白酒糟营养价值和体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响.以未处理白酒糟作为对照(CK组),按白酒糟的加工方式不同设4个试验组:黄孢原毛平革菌发酵白酒糟(发酵,F组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵粉碎白酒糟(粉碎+发酵,CF组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵氨化白酒糟(氨化+发酵,AF组)、黄孢原毛平革菌发酵粉碎、氨化白酒糟(粉碎...     

宜宾五粮型白酒糟在肉牛日粮中应用效果研究

试验旨在研究使用不同比例宜宾五粮型白酒糟(简称酒糟)替代精料补充料对肉牛生产性能和养殖效益的影响。采用单因子随机试验设计,选用25头体重(300±24.1)kg西杂牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛),随机分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复。分别饲喂用酒糟替代0%(对照组)、30%、40%、50%和60%精料补充料的饲粮,试验期60 d。试验结果显示:肉牛日粮中添加酒糟能显著提高肉牛日增重(P0.05),随着酒糟添加比例的提高,日增重呈二次曲线增加,当替代比例为50%时平均日增重最佳,为(826.7±92)g,较0%、30%、40%和60%替代比例组分别提高了72%、42%、33%和16%。经济效益分析表明,用50%酒糟替代精料,与对照组相比,能有效降低增重成本60.9%,提高增重效益521.7%。因此肉牛饲粮中添加酒糟能有效提高肉牛生产性能,降低饲喂成本,增加经济效益,其中以50%的替代比例效果最佳。     

金针菇菌糠替代酒糟对育肥牛生长性能、血液常规和血液生化指标的影响

为研究金针菇菌糠替代酒糟对育肥牛生长性能、血液常规及血液生化指标的影响，试验选取18月龄、体重接近（350±30）kg和健康状况良好的西门塔尔杂交公牛（西门塔尔×湘西黄牛）32头，随机分为4组，分别为对照组和3个试验组，每组8头，对照组粗饲料为酒糟、全株玉米青贮和水稻秸秆，试验Ⅰ组饲粮在对照组基础上用金针菇菌糠替代50%酒糟（干物质基础），试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别用发酵金针菇菌糠替代50%和100%的酒糟（干物质基础）。试验期70 d，预试期10 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：（1）试验Ⅰ组平均日增重（ADG）比对照组提高了27.9%(P> 0.05)，试验Ⅲ组干物质采食量（DMI）和料重比（F/D）均显著低于对照组（P <0.05），试验Ⅰ组增重成本（WGC）显著低于对照组（P> 0.05）;(2)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组淋巴细胞百分数（LYM）显著高于对照组（P <0.05），试验Ⅲ组中性粒细胞计数（NEUC）显著低于对照组（P <0.05），对照组嗜碱性细胞计数（BASC）显著高于试验组（P <0.05），试验Ⅰ组嗜碱性细胞百分数（BAS）显著低于对照组（P &l...     

发酵白酒糟对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化代谢和氮排放的影响

为了研究发酵白酒糟对断奶仔猪生长性能、消化代谢和氮排放的影响,选用21日龄断奶的去势杜×长×大公猪24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别用2%、4%和6%发酵白酒糟等比例替代基础饲粮。分别于平均体重为10和25 kg左右时,试验猪转入代谢笼内进行消化代谢试验。每个试验期为1周,前4 d为适应期,后3 d为粪尿收集期。记录仔猪的日采食量,并于每次试验开始和结束时称取空腹体重。采用全收粪法测定断奶仔猪对常规营养成分和氨基酸的表观消化率以及氮排放量。结果表明:与对照组相比,在10 kg断奶仔猪试验中,2%发酵白酒糟组的表观消化能和尿氮量显著降低(P0.05),其他营养物质表观消化率无显著差异(P0.05);4%和6%发酵白酒糟组的总能、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和脯氨酸的表观消化率、表观代谢能和表观消化能均显著降低(P0.05)。在25 kg断奶仔猪试验中,2%发酵白酒糟组的干物质、粗灰分和粗脂肪表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05),平均日增重显著增加(P0.05);6%发酵白酒糟组的蛋氨酸表观消化率显著下降(P0.05);2%、4%和6%发酵白酒糟组的摄入氮量、吸收氮量、沉积氮量、粗蛋白质和总能的表观消化率、氮表观消化率、表观代谢能和表观消化能均显著降低(P0.05),粪氮量显著增加(P0.05)。由上可见,饲粮添加2%发酵白酒糟不影响断奶仔猪对干物质的表观消化率,可增加其生长性能;长期高剂量添加发酵白酒糟在一定程度上降低了断奶仔猪对常规营养成分的消化代谢。     

白酒糟对黔北麻羊羔羊饲粮养分消化率、血浆生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究白酒糟对黔北麻羊羔羊饲粮养分消化率、血浆生化指标及抗氧化应激能力的影响。以32只体况相近的4月龄黔北麻羊羔羊为试验动物,按照随机区组试验设计分为4组:对照组和试验1、2和3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只羊,各组饲粮白酒糟水平分别为0、7%、14%、21%。试验期40 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果显示:1)试验1、2组表现出较高的干物质、总能、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率,均显著高于对照组、试验3组(P0.05);粗脂肪表观消化率组间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)白酒糟对羔羊血浆生化指标的影响没有明显规律;对羔羊血浆抗氧化应激能力指标全期平均值也未产生显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮白酒糟水平在7%~14%内可提高羔羊养分消化率,对血浆生化指标及抗氧化应激能力指标没有负面影响。     

Meat quality responses to feeding distiller's grains to finishing Holstein steers

Strip loins from two experiments were used to evaluate effects of feeding dry (DDG) or wet (WDG) distiller's grains on beef color, tenderness, and sensory traits of Holstein steers. In Exp. 1, conducted at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana, dietary treatments consisted of a control whole corn-corn silage diet with soybean meal (SBM) or diets formulated with 12.5% DDG plus urea, 25% DDG, 25% WDG, 50% DDG, or 50% WDG (DM basis). In Exp. 2, conducted at Iowa State University, dietary treatments consisted of cracked corn-corn silage-hay diets with either SBM or urea (Urea) as the control diets, or diets formulated with 10, 20, or 40% DDG or WDG (DM basis). Within each study, strip loins from each of four steers (representing 45.7 and 66.6% of steers in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) in four replicate pens per treatment were aged for 13 d at 4 degrees C for subsequent color, tenderness, and palatability evaluation. Color of steaks was measured objectively using a HunterLab Miniscan XE spectrophotometer and was subjectively evaluated by a trained panel. Tenderness was measured using the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) instrument on steaks cooked to 70 degrees C. For sensory evaluation, 95 consumers were recruited to evaluate tenderness, juiciness, and flavor of cooked steaks. In Exp. 1, steaks from steers fed 25% WDG had higher (P < 0.05) a* values after 138 h of simulated retail display than all other treatments, except for those from steers fed 12.5% DDG. In Exp. 2, a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of steaks from steers fed 40% DDG or 40% WDG were considered moderately undesirable during retail display (steaks that received a consumer acceptability score of 3 or less). There were no (P = 0.20 in Exp. 1, and P = 0.33 in Exp. 2) differences among treatments in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 for WBSF (1.47 +/- 0.66 kg and 1.58 +/- 0.72 kg, respectively) or taste panel tenderness (5.7 +/- 0.30 and 6.2 +/- 0.22, respectively), beef flavor (6.0 +/- 0.23 and 6.2 +/- 0.22, respectively), and juiciness (5.6 +/- 0.31 and 5.8 +/- 0.23). Feeding distiller's grains at up to 50% of the dietary DM did not affect tenderness or sensory traits, and seems to be a viable feed alternative without negatively impacting sensory attributes.     

酿酒酵母固态发酵白酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究

以廉价的白酒糟为主要基质,接种酿酒酵母,开展酵母高密度固体发酵的研究。最终确定了在实验室条件下以白酒糟为基质进行酵母高密度固体发酵的工艺流程为:250 ml三角瓶装入干白酒糟10 g,并补加混合营养液2 ml(以干糟质量的8%添加糖蜜,以0.5 gN/kg干糟的量添加尿素),摇匀分散,加入干糟质量4%的复合酶制剂,调整酒糟的含水量为45%~50%,按0.7亿/g干糟接种后于30℃恒温箱中发酵培养72 h,酵母总数约30亿/g干糟,烘干粉碎即可制得酵母蛋白饲料。     

Nutrient database for distiller's dried grains with solubles produced from new ethanol plants in Minnesota and South Dakota

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient content and variability of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) originating from new (less than 5 yr old) ethanol plants in Minnesota and South Dakota. Ten plants (8 MN, 2 SD) participated in the study, submitting a total of 118 samples. Samples were collected every 2 mo from ten ethanol plants in the Minnesota-South Dakota (MNSD) region from 1997 to 1999 and were analyzed for amino acid levels, DM, CP, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, ADF, NDF, Ca, P, K, Mg, S, Na, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe analysis. Digestible energy (DE), ME, and NFE levels were also calculated. Means (dry-matter basis) and coefficients of variation for each nutrient among all plants during 1997 to 1999 were DM (88.9%, 1.7%), CP (30.2%, 6.4%), crude fat (10.9%, 7.8%), crude fiber (8.8%, 8.7%), ash (5.8%, 14.7%), NFE (45.5%, 6.1%), ADF (16.2%, 28.4%), NDF (42.1%, 14.3%), calculated DE (3,990 kcal/kg, 3.24%), calculated ME (3,749 kcal/kg, 3.28%), Arg (1.20%, 9.1%), His (0.76%, 7.8%), Ile (1.12%, 8.7%), Leu (3.55%, 6.4%), Lys (0.85%, 17.3%), Met (0.55%, 13.6%), Phe (1.47%, 6.6%), Thr (1.13%, 6.4%), Trp (0.25%, 6.7%), Val (1.50%, 7.2%), Ca (0.06%, 57.2%), and P (0.89%, 11.7%), respectively. Among the amino acids analyzed, Lys was the most variable (CV = 17.3%), followed by Met (CV = 13.6%). Nutrient levels of MNSD DDGS were higher in crude fat, NDF, DE, ME, P, Lys, Met, and Thr and lower for DM, ADF, and Ca than NRC (1998) values. Nutrient values differed between years for ash, DE, Mn, Zn, Cys (P < 0.10), Fat, TDN, ME, Met, Ile (P < 0.05), Ca, P, K, Mg, and Cu (P < 0.01). These results suggest that gross energy; P; and total Lys, Met, and Thr levels are higher in DDGS from MNSD ethanol plants compared to published values and chemical analysis values of a DDGS sample obtained from an older Midwestern plant.     

Feeding supplemental dried distiller's grains increases faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157 in experimentally inoculated calves

Escherichia coli O157 is an important foodborne pathogen and asymptomatic cattle serve as major reservoirs for human infection. We have shown a positive association between feeding distiller's grains and E. coli O157 prevalence in feedlot cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding dried distiller's grain (DDG) on faecal shedding of E. coli O157 in calves experimentally inoculated with E. coli O157. Holstein calves (five per treatment group), fed steam-flaked corn-based high-grain diets supplemented with 0% (control) or 25% DDG, were orally inoculated with a five-strain mixture (6 x 10(9) CFU/calf) of nalidixic acid-resistant (NalR) E. coli O157. Faecal samples were taken three times per week for 6 weeks to determine the prevalence and concentration of Nal E. coli O157. At the end of the study (day 43), calves were euthanized and necropsied. Ruminal, caecum, colon, and rectal contents, and rectoanal mucosal swab (RAMS) samples were collected at necropsy to determine NalR E. coli O157 concentration. There was a trend for an interaction between treatment and faecal sampling day. The concentration of NalR E. coli O157 in the faeces was significantly higher in faecal samples from calves fed DDG compared with control calves on days 35, 37, 39 and 42. At necropsy, the concentration of NalR E. coli O157 was higher in the caecum (P = 0.01), colon (P = 0.03) and rectum (P = 0.01) from calves fed DDG compared with control animals. The number of sites at necropsy positive for NalR E. coli O157 was higher in calves fed DDG compared with calves in the control treatment (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that E. coli O157 gut persistence and faecal prevalence increased in calves fed DDG, which potentially have important implications for food safety.     

酒糟培养灵芝提取物对小鼠中枢神经系统的抑制作用观察

为了评价酒糟培养灵芝提取物的药理活性,将小鼠随机分为提取物125 mg/kg体重组、250 mg/kg体重组、500mg/kg体重组,安定组和生理盐水组,观察酒糟培养灵芝的提取物对小鼠自发活动、巴比妥钠阈上剂量致睡眠时间、戊四氮致惊厥的影响。结果显示,提取物的各组、安定组与生理盐水组比较,小鼠的自发活动能极显著减少(P0.01),睡眠时间能显著或极显著延长(P0.05,P0.01),高、中剂量组小鼠的惊厥率显著减少(P0.05)。结果提示,酒糟培养灵芝的提取物对小鼠中枢神经系统具有一定的抑制作用。     

玉米或高粱DDGS对肉牛生长性能、血液指标及屠宰性能的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加玉米或高粱DDGS等量替代玉米对肉牛生长性能、血液指标及屠宰性能的影响。试验选择初始体重为(298±22)kg的肉牛60头,随机分为3组,每组20头,每头作为1个重复。共设计3种日粮,分别为玉米组、玉米DDGS组和高粱DDGS组,玉米DDGS和高粱DDGS组在日粮中用20%DDGS等量替代玉米,试验共进行16周。结果显示:玉米和玉米DDGS组较高粱DDGS组显著提高肉牛生长期平均日增重(P <0.05);高粱DDGS组较玉米DDGS组显著降低了生长期增重耗料比(P <0.05);与高粱DDGS组相比,玉米DDGS组显著提高了育肥期末重(P <0.05),玉米DDGS组较高粱DDGS组显著提高了试验末期肉牛的体重(P <0.05)。玉米组较高粱DDGS组显著提高了56 d肉牛血浆尿素氮含量(P <0.05);玉米、玉米DDGS和高粱DDGS组对生长期、育肥期肉牛血糖浓度的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。玉米DDGS组较高粱DDGS组显著提高了屠体重(P <0.05),玉米、玉米DDGS和高粱DDGS组对肉牛眼肌面积、大理石纹评分、瘦肉率、肋骨重、皮下脂肪和肌间脂肪等的影响均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。结论 :日粮添加20%玉米DDGS较高粱DDGS提高了肉牛的生长性能,高粱DDGS提高了背膘厚度,使肉牛在较小体重情况下进入育肥期。     

Effects of high fat,modified wet,corn distiller's grains plus solubles on beef steer performance and carcass characteristics

Corn distiller's grains plus solubles (DGS) have become a common replacement for shelled corn in diets of finishing steers. Numerous studies have evaluated DGS inclusion, both wet (WDGS) and dry (DDGS), into feedlot diets with conflicting reports on feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality. Many authors have failed to describe the nutrient composition of the DGS utilized in their studies making it difficult to determine why different studies have different results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feedlot performance and subsequent meat quality characteristics of steers fed high fat (10.36±0.72%), modified wet corn distiller's grains plus solubles (HWDGS) at 0, 25, 40, and 70% of the diet dry matter (DM). Angus cross steers (n=240; 335±55 kg) were blocked by source and stratified within block (3 blocks) by body weight (BW) to 32 treatment pens containing either 6 or 10 steers/pen. Pens within block were randomly assigned to one of four diets containing 15% corn silage: (1) 76.9% shelled corn, 6.4% soybean meal 1.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (0 HWDGS); (2) 25.0% HWDGS, 58.20% shelled corn 1.6% limestone, 0.2% premix (25 HWDGS); (3) 40.0% HWDGS, 42.74% shelled corn 2.06% limestone, 0.2% premix (40 HWDGS); (4) 70.0% HWDGS, 12.30% shelled corn 2.5% limestone, 0.2% premix (70 HWDGS). Target BW at harvest was 591 kg±23 kg with 121 steers harvested on day (d) 161 and 117 steers on d 224. Hot carcass weight and liver abscess scores were recorded on d of harvest. Longissimus muscle area, rib fat thickness, marbling score, and kidney, pelvic and heart fat were measured after a 24 h chill. No significant differences were observed between treatments regarding average daily gain (ADG) or BW. Steers fed 0 HWDGS had significantly lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) than steers fed HWDGS and the response was quadratic at lower ADFI. Steers fed 70 HWDGS had lower (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) compared to steers fed lower HWDGS concentrations. Steer gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly higher for steers fed 70 HWDGS compared to 0, 25, or 40 HWDGS with a quadratic response at higher % HWDGS diets. Mean United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality grade was average choice. Mean USDA yield grade was 3.0. Steers fed 70 HWDGS had significantly smaller rib eye areas and a linear trend (P=0.08) to have lower USDA quality grades compared to steers fed lower HWDGS inclusion rates. Increasing dietary HWDGS increased polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA/saturated fatty acid concentrations in intramuscular fat with both a linear and quadratic effect. High fat modified WDGS can be fed up to 70% of diet DM without compromising feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, or meat quality.     

The effects of feeding a low level of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to yearling Holstein steers

We examined the effects of feeding a low percentage of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to yearling Holstein beef steers during the late stage of the fattening period on growth performance and carcass quality. Fifteen animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) feed plus a DDGS supplement equal to 10% of the total feed weight for 3 months (DDGS group). The other 15 animals were fed TMR with no DDGS (Control group). The vitamin E (VE) levels in the blood from the DDGS group showed a tendency to be higher in the DDGS group (P = 0.056). Blood urea nitrogen levels in the DDGS group were also higher (P < 0.05). The Beef Color Standard (BCS) number for the DDGS group was also higher than that for the Control group (P < 0.05). Forty‐eight hours after cutting, the yellowness (b*) value for Longissimus muscle in the DDGS group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the redness (a*) value in the DDGS group tended to be higher than that in the Control group (P = 0.05). The study results show a potential for adding value to yearling beef by improving the ability to maintain meat color with an increase in VE content.     

Effects of dietary sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles on growth performance,diet nutrient digestibility,carcass characteristics and immunity in growing rabbits

Sorghum dried distiller's grains with solubles (S‐DDGS) are distillation extract residues from the ethanol fuel industry. In this experiment, two hundred 42‐day‐old rabbits were randomly allocated to five experimental diets containing 0 g/kg (control), 75, 150, 225 and 300 g/kg S‐DDGS. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. No difference was found in the average daily feed intake (ADFI; p > 0.05). With increasing sorghum inclusion, the average daily gain (ADG) was linearly (p < 0.001) and quadratically (p = 0.039) reduced, while, conversely, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly (p < 0.001) increased. Increasing the amount of S‐DDGS in the diet linearly decreased (p < 0.001) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ash. Carcass weight, carcass yield, heart and liver weights were linearly decreased by an increase in the amount of S‐DDGS added to diets (p < 0.001), but no difference was observed between the 0, 75 and 150 g/kg S‐DDGS groups (p > 0.05). Serum IL‐6, IL‐10 and SIgA linearly increased (p = 0.008) with increasing levels of S‐DDGS in the diet. Rabbits fed 0, 75 and 150 g/kg of S‐DDGS had similar IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels. Statistically significant differences in SIgA were observed between rabbits fed control diets and feed mixtures containing S‐DDGS (p < 0.01). To conclude, S‐DDGS can safely be added up to 75 g/kg, to the diet of rabbits. Increasing dietary S‐DDGS inclusion may decrease the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits, and activate immune responses.     

Effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles and enzyme premix supplements on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of corn dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) and enzyme premix (mannanase + phytase) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. Sixty hybrid pigs (L × LW × D) with initial weight of 63.92 ± 1.50 kg were used in a 3 × 2 factorial design with main effects of DDGS levels (0, 10 and 20%) and enzyme premix levels (0% vs. 0.14%). Average daily gain (ADG, P < 0.01) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P < 0.05) were decreased due to an increased level of DDGS additive while the feed conversion ratio was improved (P < 0.05) by adding enzyme premix. The diet cost/gain (won/kg) was saved (P < 0.01) due to an increased level of DDGS additive. There were no significant differences in carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters of Longissimus dorsi muscle by DDGS level and enzyme premix. Palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) decreased (P < 0.05) according to DDGS level. The results indicate that DDGS may be used in feeds for finishing pig as a replacement of corn and soybean meal without affecting their carcass characteristics and meat quality.