6种引进滨藜属植物叶片的饲用营养价值评价

对引进滨藜属植物叶片的饲料营养成分及氨基酸含量测试分析结果表明:6种滨藜叶片的营养丰富,干物质中粗蛋白含量为180.1 ～222.6 g·kg-1、粗纤维含量49.8～83.2 g·kg-1,属于蛋白饲料或能量饲料;Ca/P比值在3.59～6.35之间,未超过反刍家畜耐受钙磷比的极限值.6种滨藜叶片中均富含17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的43.5%～46.0%、与非必需氨基酸之和的比值在0.771～0.851之间,均达到了FAO/WHO提出的参考蛋白模式标准.氨基酸组成平衡性差,其中第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸 胱氨酸,在作为家畜饲料时需要使用氨基酸添加剂,以满足特定生产目的所需求.     

二球悬铃木枯落叶的营养成分及其利用

通过实验，对二球悬铃木落叶的矿物元素和营养成分进行了定量化学分析。结果表明，与通常被用作粗饲料的几种干树叶相比，它的粗纤维和粗脂肪含量较高，其它营养成分比较全面，可供牲畜作粗饲料，也可用作生产食用菌的培养基；灰分含量比一般树叶高，而且含钾特别丰富，用它烧制成的草木灰是很好的钾肥。     

杜仲雄花茶营养成分的测定分析

对杜仲雄花茶的营养成分进行了分析测定.结果表明:杜仲雄花茶粗蛋白含量为32.9%,氨基酸含量达21.41%,含有人体所需的全部8种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40.4%,V c含量31.5 m g/100 g,总黄酮含量达3.53%;杜仲雄花茶矿质元素含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn等含量较高,并具有十分典型的高钾低钠特点,有较高的营养价值及医疗保健作用.     

乌饭树果实中氨基酸种类及含量的地理差异分析

性状和遗传资源的地理多样性是野生种质资源利用的基础。为给乌饭树遗传资源的选优和开发利用奠定理论基础,分别于江苏宜兴、湖南浏阳、江西萍乡和赣州峰山4个地区采集成熟的乌饭树果实,对其果实中氨基酸的成分和含量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:4个地区所产乌饭树果实中含有17种氨基酸,所含氨基酸的种类齐全;氨基酸总含量为16.66～32.34 mg/g,极差值为15.68 mg/g,不同地区的果实样本中氨基酸含量的大小顺序为:湖南浏阳>江西萍乡>江苏宜兴>赣州峰山。在4个地区的果实样本中,人体必需氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的比值以及人体必需氨基酸含量与人体非必需氨基酸含量的比值均未达到1973年FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白质的标准,但均与之接近;其鲜味谷氨酸含量均最高,鲜味氨基酸∶甜味氨基酸∶苦味氨基酸的含量比接近1∶1∶1,表明果实风味独特;药用氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的平均比值为0.617,说明其药用氨基酸含量较丰富;呈味类氨基酸含量与氨基酸总量的平均比值为0.95,说明其呈味类氨基酸的含量亦十分丰富;药用氨基酸与呈味氨基酸的含量均存在明显的地理差异性,其在湖南浏阳和江西萍乡地区的含量相近,且均远高于其在江苏宜兴和赣州峰山地区的含量,17种氨基酸中每种氨基酸含量的地理差异情况均与之相同。乌饭树果实中人体必需氨基酸、呈味类氨基酸的含量和氨基酸总量均远远高于苹果、蓝莓和巴旦杏果实,其果实中所含氨基酸的种类比同属植物蓝莓的多。不同产地的乌饭树果实中氨基酸的含量均丰富,并且其氨基酸总量、药用氨基酸、呈味类氨基酸、人体必需氨基酸等不同种类氨基酸含量的高低顺序均为江西萍乡≈湖南浏阳>江苏宜兴>赣州峰山,表明江西萍乡和湖南浏阳均为乌饭树果用遗传资源优选的重点区域。     

一种虫草分离菌菌丝体主要有效成分分析

对虫草分离菌 AT0 1的深层发酵菌丝体进行了有效成分分析 ,其结果表明 :菌丝体中氨基酸种类和冬虫夏草生药一致 ,但氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量明显高于冬虫夏草生药 ,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例也高于后者 ,必需氨基酸中苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸的含量更远远高于后者 ;菌丝体中粗蛋白、总糖及甘露醇的含量均高于冬虫夏草生药 ;菌丝体的脂肪酸组成中 ,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸组成的 85 .3 8% ,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸等多价不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸组成的 5 8.87% ,而亚油酸的含量占整个脂肪酸组成的一半以上 (5 1 .0 4% ) ;发酵菌丝体含有丰富的对人体健康非常重要的 Zn、Fe、Ca等金属元素 ,尤以 Ca的含量为高     

二球悬铃木大树更新修剪技术初探

对云南省玉溪市红塔区胸径为29～52 cm、树高15～16 m的二球悬铃木成年街道行道树的更新修剪方法、修剪后管理及病虫害防治方法进行研究。二球悬铃木成年树更新修剪时间为2月上旬至中旬,更新修剪方法为对主枝、二级侧枝进行缩剪,提出了更新修剪后的整形修剪方法以及修剪后管理和病虫害防治方法。     

核桃花粉营养成分分析与评价

分析测定了核桃花粉营养成分,结果表明蛋白质含量26.59%、氨基酸含量23.70%,高于其他花粉;还原性糖、蔗糖含量较低;脂肪含量稍高,为5.45%;必需氨基酸含量为9.61%,E/T比值为40.55%,蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为其限制性氨基酸.必需氨基酸的组成与比值与理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸的模式接近,氨基酸分75.14.测定的维生素中Vc含量每100 g最高达114.46 mg.与其他花粉比较,核桃花粉每100 g中有高钾(920 mg)、低钠(2.8mg)的特点,且镁(190 mg)、磷(650 nag)、钙(150 nag)含量较高;微量元素中锌(5.7 mg)、硒(0.017 mg)含量较高.     

贵阳地区发现新的外来有害生物——悬铃木白翅网蝽

悬铃木原产欧洲,其树形高大,枝叶茂盛,生长迅速,易成活,耐修剪,对二氧化硫、氯气等有毒气体有较强的抗性,是世界上著名的优良庭荫树和行道树,也是我国各地园林中应用最为广泛的外来树种之一。我国引入栽培的悬铃木主要有3种:一球悬铃木Platanus occidentalisL.、二球悬铃木P.ac     

白蜡虫卵营养价值与食用安全性研究

从白蜡虫卵的综合利用角度出发,研究了白蜡虫卵和卵囊壳的营养成分和食用安全性.研究结果表明白蜡虫卵及卵囊壳含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿质元素、维生素等,卵的粗蛋白含量为44.6%,卵囊壳中为53.57%,氨基酸总量分别为33.16%和50.53%,必需氨基酸总量分别为12.38%和17.90%,是一种极具营养价值的昆虫食品.安全毒理学研究表明,白蜡虫卵为实际无毒物质,无任何致突变和致畸作用,说明人类食用白蜡虫卵是安全可靠的.     

野生植物树头菜的营养成分分析

对野生植物树头菜的可食用部分嫩茎叶进行了营养成分的测定并与普通蔬菜作了分析比较.结果表明:在每克树头菜嫩茎叶鲜样中含粗蛋白74.5 mg,总氨基酸27.2 mg,人体必需氨基酸11.2 mg,远远高于普通蔬菜.且所测定的11种矿质元素的含量普遍高于普通蔬菜的平均值,尤其是P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的含量是普通蔬菜的数倍.充分说明树头菜是营养价值很丰富的一种野生蔬菜,极具开发利用价值.     

Voluntary intake by sheep and goats ofGliricidia sepium fed in three states and at three levels of supplementation to a basal diet ofPanicum maximum

Crude protein content andin sacco dry matter (DM) loss after 72 h of incubation in West African dwarf (WAD) sheep and goats of fresh, wilted and dried leaves ofGliricidia sepium were compared. Additionally, voluntary DM intakes by WAD sheep and goats ofG. sepium leaves presented in the fresh, wilted and dried states at 10, 20 and 30% levels of supplementation were investigated in two separate experiments. The crude protein content and DM loss from dried leaves were relatively lower than fresh and wilted leaves. At all levels of supplementation, the voluntary DM intakes of fresh and wilted leaves by WAD sheep and goats were relatively higher than dried leaves. The results suggest thatG. sepium leaves should be fed either in the fresh or wilted states to WAD sheep and goats, at levels between 20 and 30% of the total daily DM allowance.     

木荷种源鲜叶抑燃和助燃性化学组分的差异

选择木荷15个代表性种源,以研究火险期鲜叶主要抑燃性和助燃性化学组分的种源差异及地理变异模式。结果表明,木荷叶片含水量、灰分、木质素、粗脂肪和苯-乙醇抽出物5个化学组分在种源间存在显著的差异,其最高和最低种源测定值分别相差5％、31％、80％、66％和33％,尤以灰分和粗脂肪两组分的种源差异最大。木荷种源鲜叶的上述5个化学组分都呈现随纬度变化的地理模式,木质素和粗脂肪质量分数还与产地经度有关。较之于分布区北部的种源,木荷南部种源鲜叶的含水量、灰分等抑燃性组分质量分数高,粗脂肪、苯醇抽出物等助燃性组分质量分数低。木质素作为一种不易燃烧但燃烧时能释放大量热量的组分,呈与产地纬度显著正相关的关系,有异于含水量和灰分两个抑燃性组分的地理变异模式。结合苗期种源试验结果,可以初步判定分布区南部的种源生长快,根系发达、叶片数量多,鲜叶抑燃性组分质量分数高,助燃性组分质量分数低,因此防火性能较好。     

四倍体刺槐不同生长时期和部位的叶片的饲料营养价值分析

对廊坊地区饲料型四倍体刺槐不同生长时期及不同部位叶片的粗蛋白质、Ca、P等常规营养成分和不同生长时期叶片的氨基酸组分的分析结果表明:饲料型四倍体刺槐叶片不同生长时期的营养成分中,粗蛋白含量在生长时期极显著高于叶片变色期,中性洗涤纤维在7月15日显著低于10月5日;7月15日不同部位叶片的营养成分中,上部叶片的粗蛋白、粗脂肪及P含量均高于下部叶片,而粗纤维、粗灰分及Ca含量则是下部叶片高于上部叶片;不同生长时期叶片均含18种氨基酸,其含量随时间的推移呈下降趋势,且在生长时期较苜蓿草粉高或与之相当.     

Field efficacy of deltamethrin in reducing damage caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thrips tabaci</Emphasis> Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on early white cabbage

Our research assessed how the number of sprayings with deltamethrin influenced the efficiency against onion thrips, Thrips tabaci, on early white cabbage. The study was performed in 2002 and 2005 using the early white cabbage cultivar Parel, which is very susceptible to the attack of onion thrips. The cabbages were planted in a block-design experiment, with percentage of damage on the exterior leaves recorded according to the positions of the leaves (i.e. outer to inner). Although the attack of thrips was much greater in 2002 than in 2005, nevertheless, control plants in both years showed much more damage than plants with at least one insecticide spraying. In 2002, there was little difference between one and two sprayings, but three sprayings showed a significantly improved result. However, three sprayings of this insecticide is generally not permitted in farming practice. In 2005, no differences in efficacy among one, two and three sprayings were recorded. We also assessed a high threshold (up to 10% damaged leaf surface) and low threshold (up to 1% damaged leaf surface) for the removal of damaged leaves. In 2002, both thresholds were exceeded for control plants, but in 2005, the attack of thrips was mild enough that neither threshold was exceeded. In this case, one spraying was sufficient to reduce leaf damage below the higher (more tolerant) threshold, but three sprayings were needed to reduce leaf damage below the lower (more stringent) threshold. Therefore, in Slovenia or other parts of the world with similar climatic conditions, we recommend one spraying as broadly effective and recommend the more tolerant threshold for leaf removal.     

新疆干旱区木豆引种适应性研究

对我国西南地区木豆品种进行了引种栽培试验,首次研究木豆在新疆干旱区栽培的适应性.获得了各木豆品种在新疆干旱区的物候期及生长规律,测定了各品种生物产量和鲜枝叶营养成分.栽培试验获得较高的鲜枝叶产量,木豆鲜叶的蛋白质和粗纤维含量较高.但各木豆品种均不能完成生育期,无法获得成熟果实,不能越冬.     

Proximate and mineral components of Viscum album var. coloratum grown on eight different host tree species

Mistletoes are parasite plants growing on various tree species,taking nutrients from the host.Beneficial compounds of mistletoe were used in medicine and these mistletoes were commonly collected from oak species that were not well identified.We analyzed the nutritional value by measuring proximate and mineral components of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var.coloratum)from various host trees.Carbohydrate was the most proximate component in both leaves and twigs followed crude protein,crude fiber,crude ash and crude fat.While the contents of the proximate components and minerals varied among hosts and between plant parts,leaves contained higher crude protein and ash,and more minerals except for magnesium than twigs,although no significant difference was found inmistletoe grown on Prunus mandshurica.There were significant differences of proximate and mineral contents depending on the host species.Mistletoe grown on Chaenomeles sinensis contained higher levels of carbohydrates,crude fat,crude ash,magnesium,calcium,sodium,iron,and zinc than mistletoe grown on other species.Mistletoe grown on P.mandshurica contained high mineral levels of potassium,copper and phosphorous.The nutritional value of mistletoes were greatly influenced by the host species but among the hosts,specific nutrients accumulated in leaves more than in twigs,and vice versa.Based on the analysis,Korean mistletoe contains relatively good quality of nutrients and has high potential for dietary supplements as well as for medicinal compounds.     

佛坪保护区带状间伐后巴山木竹林营养状况差异研究

通过对带状间伐后1a生竹和2a生竹的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分、干物质在不同样方(对照样方、间伐样方)和不同部位(秆、枝、叶)差异分析,结论如下:1)带状间伐后,间伐样方的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、干物质和灰分在秆部高于对照样方,粗纤维则相反。2)带状间伐后,2a生竹和1a生竹相比,粗蛋白含量下降;粗脂肪和灰分在秆、枝部下降,在叶部增加;粗纤维在秆部基本相等,在枝部增加,在叶部下降,干物质含量在秆、枝和叶各部位增加。该研究结果为人工改造巴山木竹林质量和解释大熊猫取食行为提供了科学依据。     

Zur Wirkung der Nahrungspflanze auf die Entwicklung und Vermeharung der Baumwolleule,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep.,Noctuidae)

Effect of some host plants on development and reproduction of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae) Investigations were performed to study the effect of some hostplants on development and reproduction capacity of the Egyptian cotton leaf-worm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd,), Larval and pupal weights, life span, average number of eggs laid per female and percent digestability for fifth instar larvae were measured. Cotton leafworm was able to complete its life cycle only when reared on eigher castor bean leaves, clover, sweet potato leaves, or the outer green cabbage leaves. Chlorophyl-free inner white cabbage leaves, maize, and grape vine are nutritionally insufficient to support growth and development of larvae and, in turn, cause increase in span of survived larvae and none of these larvae metamorph to pupae. It seems that there is a positive correlation between larval and pupal weights and average number of eggs laid per female; the greater the weight of larvae and pupae the higher the number of eggs laid. Castor bean leaves seem to be the most favorable host plant for rearing cotton leafworm in the laboratory. The differences and variations in the growth and development of cotton leafworm due to feeding on different host plants are discussed.     

香椿成熟复叶饲用价值分析评价研究

[目的]对我国南、北方种植的香椿成熟复叶的营养成分组成及其生物量进行分析,探讨香椿成熟复叶的饲用价值及其开发潜力,为推动香椿的综合开发利用提供参考。[方法]利用化学分析法测定了香椿成熟复叶的粗蛋白、氨基酸及矿物质等营养成分组成和含量,并通过生物量评估及肉羊饲喂实验,分析评价了我国香椿的饲用开发价值及发展潜力。[结果]香椿成熟复叶具有高蛋白(16.25%17.78%)低脂肪(3.10%5.45%)的特点,且含17种氨基酸,动物必需氨基酸占比33.12%34.60%,同时富含钾、钙、磷、镁、铁、锌等矿质元素。香椿成熟复叶的营养价值高于常规谷物等粮食饲料,与优质苜蓿相近,且肉羊喜食香椿成熟复叶,无腹泻、抽搐等不良现象。[结论]香椿成熟复叶饲用价值较高,属高蛋白低脂型饲料原料,我国黄河、长江流域是饲用/菜饲两用型香椿的适宜发展区。     

苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究

经对苦竹竹笋营养成分的测定,苦竹笋干物质中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总灰分、还原糖的含量分别为:28.42%、4.89%、21.83%、5.47%、0.206 3%;每100 g鲜竹笋中维生素C的含量为15.4m g;每100 g竹笋干物质中Zn 5.379 m g、Cu 2.454 m g、C r 0.374 m g、F e 18.642 m g、Pb 0.018 5 m g。研究结果表明苦竹笋中粗蛋白质与粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪,属高蛋白、高纤维、低脂型可食蔬菜资源,对促进肠胃功能具有良好的保健作用。苦竹笋中富含锌、铜、铬和铁,对由于缺乏锌、铜、铬和铁而引起身体多种功能紊乱的患者有一定的裨补作用。