糖处理豆粕的研究进展

2001年3月1日,农业部下发了《禁止在反刍动物饲料中添加和使用动物性饲料的通知》,动物性饲料是反刍动物饲料中最常用的过瘤胃蛋白质来源。该类饲料的禁用加大了反刍动物饲料配方技术的难度,因此,含蛋白质较高的玉米、豆粕等植物籽实类饲料已成为反刍动物摄取过瘤胃蛋白质的主要途径。与动物性蛋白质相比,植物性大豆粕蛋白质在瘤胃内分解率相对较高、     

菌糠饲料开发及其在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展

本文综述了菌糠饲料的分类、营养价值和在反刍动物生产中的综合利用现状,从生产性能、瘤胃发酵和免疫功能三个方面分析了菌糠饲料对反刍动物生产的影响,为菌糠饲料在反刍动物饲养实践中推广应用提供理论依据。     

反刍动物饲料营养价值评定及替代法展望

传统上评定反刍动物饲料营养价值的方法很多,但多数是评定配合饲料或者粗饲料。现在反刍动物饲料中精料的添加量日益重要,为了追求更高的经济效益有必要对精料的营养价值进行准确评定。近年来,通过消化代谢试验结合替代法评定动物饲料营养价值的报道越来越多,饲料营养价值评定模型的应用,使得一些无法直接评定的肉羊精料的评定方法有了新的方向。文章综述了反刍动物饲料营养价值评定的主要方法以及替代法评定反刍动物精料营养价值和预测模型应用于反刍动物精料原料的可实行性。     

反刍动物饲料营养价值评定及模型应用

反刍动物饲料营养价值评定包括饲料营养成分评定和饲料营养物质可利用性评定两个方面,其中,评定反刍动物饲料营养物质可利用性的方法主要有体内法、半体内法和体外法,因各自的特点分别应用于不同的研究领域.反刍动物饲料营养价值评定模型的应用,又使这些评定方法得到进一步深入和扩展.文章综述了反刍动物饲料营养价值评定的主要方法以及几种营养价值评定模型的应用研究进展.     

非蛋白氮在反刍动物生产中的研究进展

我国作为养殖大国，蛋白质饲料供不应求，急需寻求在动物生产中减量替代蛋白质饲料的方法。尿素等非蛋白氮价格低廉，在反刍动物生产中可以替代部分蛋白质饲料，为瘤胃微生物合成蛋白质提供氮源，进而降低生产成本。近年来，有关液体饲料的研究和应用日益增多，但其在反刍动物生产中的相关研究较少。文章总结了反刍动物利用非蛋白氮的原理及非蛋白氮在反刍动物生产中的应用情况，为反刍动物非蛋白氮液态精饲料的开发与利用提供参考。     

反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品中牛羊源成分检测

[目的]检测反刍动物饲料和动物源性饲料中牛羊源成分。[方法]利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对反刍动物饲料产品（预混料、精料补充料、全价配合料等）和动物源性饲料产品（鱼粉、禽肉粉、猪肉粉、羽毛粉等）共计131批样品进行了牛羊源成分检测。[结果]所有样品中均未检出牛羊源性成分。[结论]该次抽检的反刍动物饲料产品和动物源性饲料产品中暂无牛羊源成分污染,但仍应加强对反刍动物饲料和动物源性饲料中牛羊源成分的监测。     

益生菌发酵微贮饲料及其在反刍动物养殖中的应用

微贮饲料是指在微生物的介入下稳定储存并减少营养物质流失的饲料。与传统饲料相比，微贮饲料的优点在于易于贮存、适口性好和营养价值高，可以改善动物的肠道健康，提高动物生产性能。文章简述了微贮饲料的定义与分类，探讨了微贮饲料品质的影响因素及微贮饲料在反刍动物养殖中的应用，以期进一步提高反刍动物的生产性能和养殖效益，为微贮饲料在反刍动物中的应用和产业发展提供参考。     

木薯副产物的饲料化利用策略及其在反刍动物生产中的应用研究进展

我国反刍动物养殖近些年发展迅速,然而由于饲料资源短缺及饲料价格上涨在很大程度上降低了生产效益。因此,研究人员在非常规饲料资源开发与利用方面进行了大量研究,以缓解饲料资源短缺和饲料原料价格上涨。木薯副产物茎叶和加工后剩余的木薯渣营养成分丰富,可作为优质的粗饲料用于反刍动物生产。文章综述了近些年国内外关于木薯副产物的饲料化利用策略及其在反刍动物生产中的应用研究进展,以期为今后在反刍动物生产中的进一步推广应用木薯副产物提供参考。     

我国反刍动物饲料现状及发展前景

我国农业进入新阶段后,农业结构战略性调整的步伐明显加快,畜牧业结构调整力度不断加大,牛羊生产,特别是奶业得到了空前发展。反刍动物生产的快速发展推动了饲料业结构的优化调整,拉动了反刍动物饲料生产的快速增长。1我国反刍动物饲料生产现状1.1反刍动物饲料正处于大发展时期     

新书阅读 《反刍动物营养与饲料利用》

全书分为上下两篇。上篇为反刍动物营养，主要包括动物与饲料的化学组成、反刍动物消化生理特点、水的营养、碳水化合物营养、蛋白质营养、脂类营养、能量代谢、矿物质营养、维生素营养等。下篇为反刍动物饲料与利用，主要包括反刍动物饲料特性、饲料添加荆、秸杆类饲料加工处理、日粮配合饲料、反刍动物现代饲养技术等。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.